Abstract: In situ formation of a melt processable liquid crystalline polyester composition capable of forming an anisotropic melt phase at a temperature of below approximately 400.degree. C. having an improved heat distortion temperature under a load, the composition being formed in the presence of from approximately 0.05 to approximately 1.0 weight percent of a divalent metal salt of terephthalic acid as a nucleating agent. Films, fibers and molded articles produced from the composition exhibit improved thermal properties.

Abstract: A rubber-reinforcing polyester fiber composed of a polyester prepared by using 30 to 150 ppm as antimony of an antimony compound and 5 to 60 ppm as germanium of a germanium compound as the polymerization catalyst. The fiber is characterized in that the terminal carboxyl group content is not larger than 25 eq/ton, diethylene glycol content (DEG) is not larger than 1.3% by weight, the intrinsic viscosity (IV) is at least 0.85, the sum (S) of the intermediate elongation and the dry heat shrinkage is lower than 8%, the product between strength and elongation (T.sqroot.E) is at least (2S+5), and the terminal modulus (TM) is not higher than 40 g/d. The polyester fiber is used as a rubber reinforcement.

Abstract: A novel catalyst system, a process for using the novel catalyst system, and a product made from the process is described. The novel catalyst system is specific for producing polyethylene terephthalate made from reacting terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, wherein the catalyst system includes antimony; cobalt and/or zinc, and at least one of zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium. The antimony is generally present from about 150 ppm to about 650 ppm. The cobalt and/or zinc is usually present from about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, and the zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium, as the third component, is generally present from about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm. The amounts of all catalyst components are based on the theoretical yield of the polymer. Using the novel catalyst system to produce PET drastically reduces the polymerization time without sacrificing color and clarity of the polymer produced.

Abstract: A copolyester is synthesized by reacting a dialkyl ester of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid (e.g., dimethyl terephthalate) with ethylene glycol, low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) and a salt of a sulfonic acid-substituted aromatic dicarboxylate (e.g., sodium sulfoisophthalic acid) simultaneously in a first stage reaction in the presence of a phosphite or phosphate stabilizer. The intermediate product of the first stage is further reacted in a second stage in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst to obtain a random copolyester of the desired molecular weight. The copolyester is extruded to form a film which, after orientation and heat setting, has excellent clarity and is useful as a photographic film support. Aqueous processing of the film relaxes any core set or curl.

Abstract: A novel catalyst composition, and a process for using the novel catalyst system to produce polyester is described. The novel catalyst composition is specific for producing polyester from a lower dialkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid and glycol, wherein the catalyst composition includes from about 20 ppm to about 150 ppm manganese; from about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm lithium; from about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm cobalt; and from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm antimony, all amounts being based upon the expected yield of the polyester. The process for using the novel catalyst composition to make polyester includes the step of employing an effective catalytic amount of manganese and lithium in an ester interchange reaction from a lower dialkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid and glycol to produce monomer; and using an effective catalytic amount of cobalt and antimony in the polycondensation reaction to convert the monomer to polyester.

Abstract: A process for producing a copolyester by copolymerizing the monomers from the ester interchange of at least two lower dialkyl esters of dicarboxylic acid and glycol using a novel catalyst system. The novel catalyst composition includes from about 20 ppm to about 150 ppm manganese; from about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm lithium; preferably from about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm cobalt; and from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm antimony, all amounts being based upon the expected yield of the copolyester. The novel process to make copolyester includes the step of employing an effective catalytic amount of manganese and lithium in an ester interchange reaction where the lower dialkyl esters and glycol produce a monomer mixture; and using an effective catalytic amount antimony in a copolycondensation reaction of the monomers.

Abstract: Disclosed are copolyesters comprising an acid component of 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid and a glycol component comprising 1,6-hexanediol and 1,4-butanediol. The copolyesters exhibit unusually high tensile strengths.

Abstract: Disclosed are copolyesters comprising an acid component of 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid and a glycol component comprising 1,6-hexanediol and ethylene glycol. Injection-molded bars of the coplyesters exhibit unusually high stiffness and tensile strength compared to polyesters described in the art.

Abstract: A water dispersible polyester polymer is described having one or more polyester chains and one or more non-ionic polyoxyalkylene chains in which at least 40% of the repeating oxyalkylene units are oxyethylene units. The polyester polymer has a structure in which one or more of the polyoxyalkylene chains are pendent to at least one of the polyester chains. The poloxyalkylene chains provide the polyester with non-ionic stabilization enabling the polyester to form aqueous dispersions which possess good colloid stability.

Abstract: A process for producing PET based polyester polymers from a lower dialkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid and a glycol selected from the class of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, blends of ethylene glycol and propane and/or butane diol, or mixtures of two or more of these, using the novel catalyst system and a small amount of dicarboxylic acid is described. The novel catalyst composition includes from about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm manganese; from about 50 ppm to about 250 ppm lithium; preferably from about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm cobalt; and from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm antimony, all amounts being based upon the expected yield of the polyester based polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer and process for producing the polymer using a complex of titanium alkoxide with an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt.

Abstract: A novel catalyst system, a process for using the novel catalyst system, and a product made from the process is described. The novel catalyst system is specific for producing polyethylene terephtalate made from reacting terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, wherein the catalyst system includes antimony; cobalt and/or zinc, and at least one of zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium. The antimony is generally present from about 150 ppm to about 650 ppm. The cobalt and/or zinc is usually present from about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, and the zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium, as the third component, is generally present from about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm. The amounts of all catalyst components are based on the theoretical yield of the polymer. Using the novel catalyst system to produce PET drastically reduces the polymerization time without sacrificing color and clarity of the polymer produced.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing adhesives from polyethylene terephthalate which comprises reacting a trimellitic acid polyester ether with polyethylene terephthalate to prepare a nonlinear copolymer with crosslinking characteristics suitable for use as an adhesive either as a hot-melt adhesive or as a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing polyethylene terephthalate having a predetermined intrinsic viscosity which involves the direct esterification of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol followed by the polycondensation of the esterification product using a polycondensation catalyst system containing cobalt, manganese-, and antimony-containing components.

Abstract: Segmented thermoplastic copolyesters having elastomeric properties, containing from 25% to 80% by weight of short-chain polyester units derived from dicarboxylic acids and a diol, and from 20 to 70% by weight of long-chain polyester units derived from dicarboxylic acids and poly(alkylene oxide)-glycols in which at least 10% by weight of the poly-(alkylene oxide)-glycols has a molecular weight lower than 300, and a C/O ratio within the range of from 1.8 to 4.3.

Abstract: A process for producing a copolyester by copolymerizing the monomers from the ester interchange of a lower dialkyl ester of terephthalic acid and glycol and the direct esterification of a dicarboxylic acid and glycol using a novel catalyst system. The novel catalyst composition includes from about 20 ppm to about 150 ppm manganese; from about 50 ppm to about 350 ppm lithium; preferably from about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm cobalt; and from about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm antimony, all amounts being based upon the expected yield of the copolyester.

Abstract: A crystalline polyester resin derived from the reaction between a prepolymer and trimellitic anhydride in an amount of less than 10 wt % of the prepolymer where prepolymer as an intermediate product formed from the reaction between an alcohol mixture containing at least 40 mole % ethylene glycol and at least 30 mol % neopentyl glycol, and an acid mixture containing terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate of at least 40 mole % and a linear dicarboxylic acid, or between an alcohol mixture containing 100 wt % terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate. The crystalline polyester resin is very suitable for use in powder coating compositions and has a hyodroxyl number of 20 to 100, an average molecular weight of 1000 to 3500 and a melt viscosity at 160.degree. C. of 500 to 4000 cps as well as the characteristics of dense, regular, and repetitive structure.

Abstract: Isophthalic acid is commonly utilized as a comonomer in the preparation of copolyester resins which are utilized as solution adhesives. Unfortunately, solutions of such resins frequently become hazy due to the presence of cyclic oligomers. This invention is based upon the unexpected discovery that the presence of protonic acids during the synthesis of the copolyester resins containing isophthalic acid utilizing conventional metallic catalysts results in solutions of the resins in organic solvents being virtually haze free.

Abstract: Isophthalic acid is commonly utilized as a comonomer in the preparation of copolyester resins which are utilized as solution adhesives. Unfortunately, solutions of such resins frequently become hazy due to the presence of cyclic oligomers. This invention is based upon the unexpected discovery that the presence of protonic acids during the synthesis of the copolyester resins containing isophthalic acid utilizing conventional metallic catalysts results in solutions of the resins in organic solvents being virtually haze free.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyester vessel having mouth, side wall and bottom portions formed of a polyester composed mainly of ethylene terephthalate units, wherein the thermoplastic polyester is a polyester containing a catalyst residue in an amount smaller than 1000 ppm as the metal, and in the thermoplastic polyester constituting the bottom portion of the vessel, the ratio of the thermal crystallization degree represented by the following formula:100.times.(Q.sub.DC -Q.sub.AC)/Q.sub.DC (1)wherein Q.sub.AC stands for the heat quantity of crystallization at elevation of the temperature and Q.sub.DC stands for the heat quantity of crystallization at lowering of the temperature, is lower than 90%.

Abstract: A soil release promoting copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate and polyoxyethylene terephthalate (PET-POET) having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 15,000 to 35,000, and a PET:POET molar ratio of about 2:1 to 6:1, is prepared by reacting polyethylene terephthalate with polyethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst system including both antimony trioxide and calcium acetate or both titanium isopropoxide and sodium isopropoxide. The PET-POET copolymer provides improved soil release properties for oily and greasy stains from polyester fabrics at high and low wash temperatures and is stable even at high alkalinity levels. The starting PET can advantageously be obtained from scrap bottles.

Abstract: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) produced by direct esterification of a mixture containing ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid in a mole ratio ranging from about 1.05 to about 1.35 dl/g, with at least about 325 parts of an antimony catalyst per million parts of polymer product, can be treated to reduce its acetaldehyde content and acetaldehyde generation rate and increase molecular weight to the levels required for the production of beverage bottles. After heat treatment to produce a crystallinity of at least about 10 percent, the PET can be used in molding after substantially conventional pre-drying and drying steps in air at the molding facility. The invention thus allows beverage bottle grade PET to be produced and prepared for molding without the conventional step of solid state polymerization or stabilization, saving energy, time, production costs and capital investment.

Abstract: The high polymerization degree polyetheresteramides without any gelated materials and with superior color tones are obtained in a short time through the polycondensing interaction carried out between (A) one or more than two polyamide forming components selected from lactams and aminocarboxylic acids as well as the salts of substantially-equal quantities of diamines and dicarboxylic acid and (B) the polyetherester forming components consisting of the substantially-equal quantities of dicarboxylic acids and poly(alkylene oxide) glycols in the presence of 0.001 to 0.5 percent by weight of the mixtures composed of antimony oxides/organic tin compounds at the ratios of 80/20 to 30/70 by weight and more preferably in the co-presence of 0.0005 to 0.5 percent by weight of phosphoric compounds.

Abstract: A polyester fiber having a tenacity of at least 4.0 g/d is formed from a copolyester having a degree of polymerization of from 80 to 100 of which copolyester 1.0 to 2.0 mol % of its acid component has a metal sulfoisophthalic group and 0.5 to 1.9 weight % of which copolyester is provided by a glycol component provided by glycol having a molecular weight of from 400 to 6000. The polyester fiber is readily dyed with basic dyes.The polyester fiber can be prepared by spinning the copolyester at a shear rate of.ltoreq.10.sup.4 sec.sup.-1, a spinning draft ratio of .ltoreq.250, a back pressure of the spinneret of.gtoreq.40 kg/cm.sup.2 and a shear stress of .ltoreq.(Q+0.7).times.10.sup.7 dyne/cm.sup.2, where Q is the mass output rate per single hole (g/min).

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the preparation of high molecular weight linear polyesters. In the preparation of polyesters by formation of a bis-dihydroxy ester prepolymer by transesterifying dimethyl terephthalate with a glycol in the presence of a catalyst followed by polycondensing the prepolymer in the presence of certain phosphorous-containing compounds and a transition metal-containing catalyst which remains active in the presence of said phosphorous compound, an improved rate of polycondensation is achieved by introducing the phosphorous compounds after first polycondensing the prepolymer to a low molecular weight linear polyester having an average degree of polymerization of about 2 to about 10. The improved process further requires that the catalyst employed in the formation of the prepolymer be substantially inactive in the presence of said phosphorous compounds.

Abstract: The process for the stabilization of polycondensation catalysts and the stabilization composition used in such process for producing polyesters and copolyesters by the polycondensation of dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic glycol using certain metal-containing polycondensation catalysts in conjunction with a stabilization composition formed as the reaction product of phosphoric acid, meta-phosphoric acid, superphosphoric acid or mixtures thereof and an aliphatic epoxide having between 2 and about 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A biaxially stretched polyester film comprising a polyester and zirconium as an internal particle material, produced by polycondensation of terephthalic acid or its esterified derivative and alkylene glycol as the major essential monomeric components in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst, during which zirconium in the form of any compound thereof in an amount of 80 to 2500 ppm in terms of zirconium atom to the polyester as produced being introduced into the reaction system at a stage after the initiation of the reaction and before the intrinsic viscosity of the reaction mixture reaching 0.2, and subjecting the produced polyester to film forming.

Abstract: Novel nucleating agents have been discovered which are effective in polyesters, especially poly(ethylene terephthalate). The novel nucleating agents are copolymers derived from a poly(alkylene terephthalate) and a sulfonate salt.Also provided by this invention are a process for nucleating polyesters, particularly poly(alkylene terephthalates), especially poly(ethylene terephthalate) and the compositions so produced.

Abstract: The invention is a process for esterifying organic dicarboxylic acid and diol at elevated temperatures and thereafter transesterifying the esterification product in the presence of a diol and a diester at elevated temperatures thereafter polymerizing the transesterification product in a condensation stage to form a polycondensed copolyester having an intrinsic viscosity from 0.2 to 0.9.

Abstract: The use of aluminum sulfate as a dessicant for drying the starting materials used in polymerization reactions employing readily hydrolyzable catalysts is disclosed. The aluminum sulfate is allowed to remain in the reaction mixture during polymerization, and, indeed, may advantageously be allowed to remain in the reaction product without any deleterious effect.

Abstract: The process and the catalyst used therein for producing polyesters and copolyesters, useful for making films and fibers, by the polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic glycols using coordinations complexes of metal halides and silicon compounds as catalysts.

Abstract: Novel water insoluble polyamide esters are prepared from dicarboxylic acid diamide derivatives of terephthalic acid and a glycol. In one embodiment, nearly perfectly alternating polyamide esters are prepared in the presence of antimony (III) acetate.

Abstract: The process and the catalyst used therein for producing polyesters and copolyesters, useful for making films and fibers, by the polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic glycols using coordinations complexes of metal halides and silicon compounds as catalysts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a saturated polyester resin containing ##STR1## groups and having good stability against generation of acetaldehyde at elevated temperatures, which comprises having an alkali metal salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid present in the melt polymerization reaction mixture during formation of such polyester, in an amount up to 0.5 mol percent based on the saturated di- and polycarboxylic acid moieties entering into the polymerization reaction, and products.

Abstract: A polyethylene terephthalate polycondensation catalyst system comprises from about 2 parts to about 18 parts of catalyst metal in the form of an alkyl titanate and from about 40 parts to about 300 parts of catalyst metal in the form of an antimony compound, each of said metals being per million parts of polymer product.

Abstract: A body absorbable polymeric material for implantation which is a condensation product of reacting a diamine with lactic or glycolic acid to form a diamidediol which is then reacted with a bischloroformate or a compound selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, methyl and ethyl esters of dicarboxylic acids, diacidchlorides, and anhydrides of a dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Novel polyester for the packaging of perishable comestibles, e.g., as bottles for still or carbonated mineral waters, is a poly(ethylene glycol)terephthalate (PET) having an intrinsic viscosity ranging from 0.65 to 1.05 dl/g and a density of more than 1.38, comprising 92.5 to 98.5% of ethylene terephthalate recurring units and 1.5 to 7.5 mol % of recurring units of at least one polybasic acid and/or polyhydric alcohol comonomeric crystallization retardant, the di- and/or triethylene glycol content thereof being less than about 3.5 mol % per mol of diacid radicals present in the polymer chain, said PET also having a residual acetaldehyde concentration of less than 1.25 ppm, with acetaldehyde being reformed therefrom at a rate of less than 5 ppm/hour, at 220.degree. C., and said PET being devoid of visible crystallization in an at least 4 mm thick test plate shaped in a mold cavity from a melt thereof.

Abstract: Cationically polymerizable compounds, for example cyclic ethers, can be thermally polymerised if an aromatic iodonium salt of the formula I[(Ar.sup.1)(Ar.sup.2)I].sup.+ [MX.sub.n ].sup.- (I)in which Ar.sup.1 Ar.sup.2, M, X and n are as defined in claim 1, is used as the catalyst and an agent which forms free radicals on heating and has the formula III or IV ##STR1## in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.8 and m are as defined in claim 1, for example a benzpinacol silyl ether, is used as the co-catalyst. The process is of particular importance for heat-curing epoxide resins as a one-component system.

Abstract: Cyclic carbonate esters are reacted with polycarboxylic acids to produce bis(hydroxyalkyl) esters from aromatic polycarboxylic acids in the presence of selected catalysts comprising at least one of phosphines, phosphonium halides, sulfonium halides, sulfoxonium halides, and ammonium and alkyl ammonium halides. In the preferred embodiment, ethylene carbonate is reacted with terephthalic acid to produce bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate and/or polymers thereof.

Abstract: A curing agent package is provided for polymercaptan-terminated polymers comprising selected metal oxides and organonitrogen accelerators and promoters commonly considered as rubber vulcanization accelerators. More specifically, sealant and coating compositions are prepared by curing a mixture comprising a mercaptan-terminated polyether-polyester liquid polymer, a curing agent package of a non-lead metal oxide curing agent and an organonitrogen accelerator or promoter, and, optionally, non-elastomeric materials.

Abstract: Improved process for producing polyesters and copolyesters modified with certain polyoxyalkylene glycols employs coordination complex catalysts of (I) a metal halide compound and certain silicon compounds or (II) a mixture of said coordination complex catalyst of said compounds with antimony diglycollate.

Abstract: N-Hydroxyalkyltrimellitic acid imides of high purity are prepared by reacting trimellitic acid anhydride with a monoalkanolamine in an aqueous medium comprising an amount of not less than about 0.025 liter of a certain specific solvent or solvent mixture per 1 mole of the trimellitic acid anhydride and can be advantageously used for production of their polymers having a high thermal stability and a good color tone.

Abstract: Flame-resistant copolyesters are disclosed consisting or consisting essentially of from 85 to 99.5% of repeating units of the formula --CO--R--CO--O--R.sub.1 --O-- in which R is a divalent aromatic radical and R.sub.1 is a divalent aliphatic, cycloalkane radical or a mixture of two or several of these radicals; and least 0.5% of units of the formula: ##STR1## in which Me represents a metal such as Na, K, Ca or Zn, and Z represents a paraphenylene group or a divalent aliphatic grouping which contains from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and may comprise heteroatoms, and is optionally branched, the branch being an aliphatic radical which may be halogenated, and comprises from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and from 0 to 14.5% of units produced from a brominated compound of the formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.5 is zero or represents a grouping: ##STR3## and A and A' represent either --CO--OX groups, where X=H or a lower alkyl group, or --X'OH groups, where X'=a--OCH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --.sub.n group, and n=1 to 10.

Abstract: A high molecular weight polyester is disclosed, having a low carboxyl content, and utilizing a low catalyst level, produced by a two-stage process; a melt process until the intrinsic viscosity of the prepolymer reaches about between 0.15 and 0.45 dl/g, and a solid state polymerization in a fluidized bed until the intrinsic viscosity of the polycondensed polymer reaches at least 0.60 dl/g. The melt process employs addition of excess initial glycol, delayed addition of excess glycol, and delayed addition of catalyst, in any combination, to achieve a low carboxyl content polyester prepolymer capable of use in the fluidized bed solid state polymerization. This prepolymer with a minimal carboxyl content achieves a maximum solid state polymerization rate in a fluidized bed. This prepolymer also permits the use of a very low catalyst level to achieve high product purity and still maintains economically satisfactory polymerization rate.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for preparing an antimony oxide stabilized polymethylene terephthalate polymeric composition wherein polymethylene terepthalate is produced by polycondensing a polymethylene terephthalate precondensate, the improvement residing in compounding said precondensate with said antimony oxide and thereafter subjecting the resultant composition to solid phase polycondensation. In particular is described a process for the stabilization of high molecular weight (high viscosity) polymethylene terephthalate wherein together with the antimony oxide there is added a stabilizer or other additive to the precondensate and the resultant composition is subjected to solid phase polycondensation. Also described are the resultant products of such processes.

Abstract: A process for producing polyesters and copolyesters, useful for making films and fibers, by the polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic glycols using coordinations complexes of metal halides and silicon compounds as catalysts.

Abstract: A process for producing polyesters and copolyesters, useful for making films and fibers, by the polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic glycols using coordinations complexes of metal halides and silicon compounds as catalysts.

Abstract: A polycondensation catalyst consisting essentially of the reaction product of an unsaturated .alpha.,.beta.-dicarboxylic acid anhydride and an antimony alkoxide.

Abstract: A process for producing polyesters and copolyesters, useful for making films and fibers, by the polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic glycols using coordinations complexes of metal halides and silicon compounds as catalysts.

Abstract: A polyester fiber having a tenacity of at least 4.0 g/d is formed from a copolyester having a degree of polymerization of from 80 to 100 of which copolyester 1.0 to 2.0 mol % of its acid component has a metal sulfoisophthalic group and 0.5 to 1.9 weight % of which copolyester is provided by a glycol component provided by glycol having a molecular weight of from 400 to 6000. The polyester fiber is readily dyed with basic dyes.The polyester fiber can be prepared by spinning the copolyester at a shear rate of .ltoreq.10.sup.4 sec.sup.-1, a spinning draft ratio of .ltoreq.250, a back pressure of the spinneret of .gtoreq.40 kg/cm.sup.2 and a shear stress of .ltoreq.(Q+0.7).times.10.sup.7 dyne/cm.sup.2, where Q is the mass output rate per single hole (g/min).