Abstract: A terminal is disclosed that includes a processor that, in case where frequency division duplex (FDD) is applied, controls a transmission of an uplink (UL) signal, in FDD, at a same timing as a UL transmission timing that is applied in time division duplex (TDD). The terminal also includes a receiver that receives a downlink control information (DCI), and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) scheduled by the DCI. The terminal also includes a transmitter that transmits a HARQ-ACK in response to the PDSCH. The reception of the DCI and the transmission of the HARQ-ACK are allowed within one slot. In other aspects, a radio communication method, a base station, and a system are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyester resin. The polyester resin is useful for bottles, sheets, multilayer sheets, stretched films and fiber applications due to excellent heat resistance and transparency, and in particular, the polyester resin has little deterioration of physical properties such as yellowing, etc., during processing. A process for making the polyester resin includes an esterification reaction between a dicarboxylic acid that includes terephthalic acid and a diol that includes isosorbide in the presence of a catalyst, followed by a polycondensation reaction on a product of the esterification reaction. In some embodiments, an initial mixing ratio of the dicarboxylic acid and the diol is between 1:1.02 and 1:1.04.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for synthesizing an aromatic-aliphatic copolyester without a catalyst and a product thereof. The method includes: a prepolymerization stage: under the condition of not adding a catalyst, subjecting raw materials including an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, a dihydric alcohol and a cyclic dicarboxylic acid or a corresponding anhydride thereof to an esterification reaction to obtain a carboxyl-terminated prepolymer, where the total molar amount of the dicarboxylic acids is greater than the molar amount of the dihydric alcohol; and a polymerization stage: under the condition of reduced pressure, removing the anhydride corresponding to the cyclic dicarboxylic acid from the carboxyl-terminated prepolymer at a reaction temperature not lower than the boiling point of the anhydride corresponding to the cyclic dicarboxylic acid to obtain an aromatic-aliphatic copolyester.

Abstract: An eco-friendly biodegradable polyester resin composition includes: a polyester resin including a diol, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and 5000 ppm to 20000 ppm of a hydrophilic regulator having a molecular weight of 400 to 1300.

Abstract: A polyester carbonate resin is provided and includes a constituent unit represented by the following general formula (1), a constituent unit represented by the following general formula (2), and a constituent unit represented by the following general formula (3): wherein R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein Q represents the following: wherein n and m each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5, and

Abstract: A resin composition has a viscosity of equal to or less than about 20 mPa·s at a temperature in a range of about 30° C. to about 50° C. as measured according to JIS Z8803, a storage modulus in a range of about 1.7×105 Pa to about 3×105 Pa at about ?20° C., and a storage modulus in a range of about 1.5×104 Pa to about 6×104 Pa at about 25° C. An adhesive member formed of the resin composition is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer, from at least one terephthalate compound obtained from at least one bio-based material, and at least one monoethylene glycol compound obtained from at least one bio-based material, Said process comprising the polymerization of the terephthalate compound and of the monoethylene glycol compound in the presence of at least one crystallization retarding compound, Said process being characterized in that the crystallization retarding compound is obtained from at least one bio-based material. The invention also relates to a bio-based PET polymer obtained by said process. Preferably, the process further comprises processing the bio-based PET polymer into a bio-based product such as a bio-based container or a bio-based packaging. The invention also relates to said bio-based product.

Abstract: The invention relates to urea- and/or urethane-substituted amides of the general formula (I) The radicals R1, Z1, R2, and Z2 comprise a building block containing urea groups and/or containing urethane groups; the radicals R4, Z4, R5, and Z5 comprise a building block containing amide groups, and E is a carboxylic acid group or salt thereof. The invention also relates to rheology control agents which consist of or comprise the amides of the formula (I). A further subject of the invention is a method for producing the rheology control agents, and the use of the urea- and/or urethane-substituted amides, and also of the rheology control agents, as thickeners, especially in liquid compositions, and also the liquid compositions themselves.

Abstract: A low-temperature processable aliphatic polyester having 3-hydroxybutryates (3HB) and 4-hydroxybutyrates (4-HB) as basic repeated structures and an adjusted content of 4-hydroxybutyrates (4HB) is described. Articles based on the aliphatic polyesters are described and include a biodegradable wax, a medical device, a low-temperature hot melt, a non-woven cloth, a bioplastic, a drug carrier, a medical wrap, a medical fiber, a medical filament, a medical stent, or an orthopedic prosthesis. Methods for preparing the aliphatic polyesters are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for purifying a chain-extended aliphatic polyester constructed from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diols in a degassing apparatus, wherein the crude polyester is degassed for 3 to 30 minutes at a pressure of 0.01 to 5 mbar in the presence of 1% to 7% by weight, based on the total weight of the crude polyester, of an entraining agent.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition and a molded article including the same. The thermoplastic resin composition includes: about 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin; about 1 to about 30 parts by weight of an additive for laser direct structuring (LDS additive); about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight of a hindered phenol-based compound; about 0.01 to about 10 parts by weight of a sodium phosphate salt; about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight of a phosphite compound; about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight of a sulfonate compound; and about 0.01 to about 10 parts by weight of a metal oxide, wherein a weight ratio of the hindered phenol-based compound, the sodium phosphate salt, the phosphite compound and the sulfonate compound to the metal oxide may range from about 2:1 to about 10:1.

Abstract: Provided are a polyester resin having a high residual rate of isosorbide, thereby exhibiting excellent heat resistance, excellent mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, etc., and excellent appearance properties and transparency, and a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: A method of preparing a poly(ether ester) copolymer is provided, and more particularly, a method of preparing a poly(ether ester) copolymer having a high content of a polyether and high viscosity by using a dicarboxylic acid as a starting material is provided. According to the present invention, a dicarboxylic acid of which production cost is low is used as a starting material to prepare a poly(ether ester) copolymer having a high content of polyether and having a high viscosity without solid-phase polymerization.

Abstract: A process to prepare a (iv) cyclic polyester oligomer composition includes a cyclic polyester oligomer having furanic units and two to five repeat units. The process includes (a) reacting a monomer composition including: (i) a bifunctional furan-derivative and (ii) a diol in an linear oligomerization step to produce a (iii) linear oligomer composition including a linear oligomer species, (b) reacting the (iii) linear oligomer composition in a distillation-assisted cyclization (DA-C) step to form a (iv) cyclic polyester oligomer composition and a (v) diol byproduct. The (v) diol byproduct is removed by evaporation in the distillation-assisted cyclization (DA-C) step.

Abstract: Processes are described for purifying a biphenyldicarboxylic acid product containing one or more impurities, particularly at least formylbiphenylcarboxylic acid. In the processes, a mixture comprising the biphenyldicarboxylic acid product is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under conditions to selectively reduce at least part of the formylbiphenylcarboxylic acid to produce a hydrogenation effluent comprising (i) hydroxymethylbiphenylcarboxylic acid and/or methylbiphenylcarboxylic acid, and (ii) biphenylcarboxylic acid. At least a portion of the biphenyldicarboxylic acid is then separated from the hydrogenation effluent. Advantageously, a polyester product may be produced from the separated biphenyldicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a polyester resin for heat-shrinkable film which contains terephthalic acid as a main component of a dicarboxylic acid component, contains ethylene glycol as a main component of a diol component, and contains from 18 to 32% by mol of neopentyl glycol and from 8 to 16% by mol of diethylene glycol when a total amount of the whole diol component in total polyester resin components is taken as 100% by mol. The polyester resin has an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of from 0.70 to 0.86 dl/g, a carboxyl end group concentration (AV) of from 8 to 25 eq/t, and a color b value of from 1.0 to 12.0 in an L*a*b color system. The invention also provides a heat-shrinkable film prepared from the aforementioned polyester resin, as well as a heat-shrinkable label and packaged product.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure describe water-resistant and durably high energy-density binder materials from cutin-containing materials, methods of making the binder materials, fuel compositions comprising the binder materials, methods of forming the fuel compositions in the form of pellets and/or briquettes, and the like.

Abstract: Described as one aspect of the invention are polyester compositions comprising at least one polyester which comprises: (a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising: (i) about 90 to about 100 mole % of terephthalic acid residues; (ii) about 0 to about 10 mole % of aromatic and/or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 20 carbon atoms; and (b) a glycol component comprising: (i) about 30 to about 42 mole % 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; and (ii) about 58 to about 70 mole % ethylene glycol residues; wherein the total mole % of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and wherein the total mole % of the glycol component is 100 mole %; wherein the inherent viscosity of the polyester is from 0.50 to 0.70 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.25 g/50 ml at 25° C.; and wherein the L* color values for the polyester is 90 or greater. The polyesters may be manufactured into articles.

Abstract: A polyester resin composition is excellent in heat resistance and hydrolysis resistance and results in a small amount of a gel composition and linear oligomers generated during a melt-molding step and a processing step. The polyester resin composition satisfies formulas (I) to (IV): the amount of generated linear oligomers<900 ppm??(I) ?COOH/COOH?2.0??(II) 5 ppm?Mn content?40 ppm??(III) 4 ppm?Na content?40 ppm??(IV).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transparent, biaxially oriented, thermoformable polyester film including at least 85% by weight of a copolyester whose dicarboxylic acid components derive to an extent of 85 to 94 mol % from terephthalic acid-based units and to an extent of 6 to 15 mol % from isophthalic acid-based units. The inventive films exhibit a surface elasticity modulus in the range from 4500 to 6400 N/mm2; a sum total of the strengths (?5) in longitudinal direction and in transverse direction in the range from 170 to 220 MPa; a density of less than 1390 kg/m3; a haze of less than 2.0%; a clarity of at least 85%; a gloss of at least 120 and a thickness in the range from 50 to 300 ?m. The invention further relates to processes for producing such films, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion comprising: water; a hydrophobic aromatic polyester having a number average molecular weight of greater than 7,000 Daltons; and a water-dispersible aromatic polyester dispersant; wherein the hydrophobic aromatic polyester and the water-dispersible aromatic polyester dispersant form a stable aqueous dispersion; and wherein the hydrophobic aromatic polyester is present in the aqueous dispersion in an amount of less than 50 wt-%, based on the total weight of the hydrophobic aromatic polyester and the water-dispersible aromatic polyester dispersant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a thermoplastic polyester using a reaction mixture comprising a dicarboxylic acid having a melting temperature of ?200° C. wherein the dicarboxylic acid is introduced to the process in the form of particles having an average particle diameter of ?100 ?m. Such process results in a reduction of the polymerisation time. Furthermore, it allows for the production of thermoplastic polyesters having a desired balance of intrinsic viscosity and carboxylic end group content at a reduced polymerisation time.

Abstract: A method of producing an oligomer or polymer with carbonate segment chemical structure, the method including the steps of (1) introducing into a reactor high-molecular-weight polyester and reactive oligomer; (2) introducing into the reactor a carbonate compound and a catalyst such that the poly(polyol) reacts with the carbonate monomers by one-pot in situ to produce a crude product; and (3) introducing the crude product into water to obtain an oligomer or polymer with carbonate segment chemical structure. The oligomer or polymer with carbonate segment chemical structure is applicable to automobile manufacturing, wires & cables, and medical equipment.

Abstract: Optically clear curable adhesive films that are heat conformable prior to setting include a reactive composition. The curable films are flexible and free-standing, and have a complex viscosity of greater than 100,000 poise (10,000 Pascal seconds) at 25° C. and less than 100 poise (10 Pascal seconds) at 85° C., prior to setting. The set film has an adhesive shear strength of greater than 100 Newtons per square centimeter (N/cm2) to a glass substrate when measured according to the Shear Adhesion Test Method. The reactive composition includes an ethylenically unsaturated polyester-containing oligomeric composition that is the reaction product of a saturated, amorphous co-polyester polyol and a compound with a terminal polyol-reactive group and a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group, a (meth)acrylate functional material, and at least one initiator.

Abstract: Provided is a wholly aromatic liquid crystalline polyester resin having excellent heat resistance and formability. The wholly aromatic liquid crystalline polyester resin comprises structural units represented by the following formulae (I) to (V) as essential structural units, wherein the composition ratio (mol %) of the structural units (I) to (V) in the wholly aromatic liquid crystalline polyester satisfies the following conditions: 50 mol %?structural unit (I)?75 mol %; 6 mol %?structural unit (II)?20 mol %; 1 mol %?structural unit (III)?21.5 mol %; 0.5 mol %?structural unit (IV)?10.5 mol %; 2.5 mol %?structural unit (V)?22 mol %; structural unit (III)>structural unit (IV).

Abstract: Cutin-based devices, coatings and methods of producing such devices and coatings are presented herein. Cutin-like materials (CLMs) are presented which mimic and adapt coatings found in nature for the next generation of functional coatings. Cutin has several advantages including excellent UV resistance, natural resistance to bacteria and viruses, noncorrosive, and stability under abrupt changes in temperature and environment. CLMs can be engineered at the nanoscale and readily impregnated with metals and metal oxides materials.

Abstract: A polyester composition, includes an aliphatic polyester and an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester. The aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is a copolymer having a repeating unit A and a repeating unit B. The preparation method for the polyester composition includes the steps of mixing all the components having the aliphatic polyester and the aliphatic-aromatic copolyester, and subjecting the resulting mixture to extrusion granulation.

Abstract: A device for making polybutylene terephthalate includes (1) a slurry paste vessel; (2) a tower reactor to which a mixture of 1,4-butane diol and terephthalic acid from vessel (1) is supplied, the tower reactor having a plurality of reactor zones wherein the lower third of the tower reactor is in the form of a hydrocyclone with attached heat exchanger, and the hydrocyclone has a supply line from vessel (1), the hydrocyclone being connected to the top side of the tower reactor; (3) a first continuously stirred tank reactor to which the product from tower reactor (2) is supplied; (4) an optional second continuously stirred tank reactor to which the product from (3) is supplied; (5) a dual shaft ring reactor to which the product from stirred tank reactor (3) or (4), is supplied; and (6) a pelletizer where the product from dual shaft ring reactor (5) is continuously fed and pelletized.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel packaging articles, e.g., food and beverage cans. Preferred cans typically comprise a body portion and an end portion, wherein at least one of the body and end portions are aluminum and are coated on at least one major surface with a coating composition of the present invention. Suitable coating compositions of the present invention comprise: one or more polyester resins, wherein at least one of the polyester resins has a glass transition temperature (‘Tg’) less than about 50° C., and wherein the polyester resin is formed by the reaction of one or more polyacid molecules and one or more polyol molecules, and a crosslinker. Preferred compositions are substantially free of mobile BPA and aromatic glycidyl ether compounds, e.g., BADGE, BFDGE and epoxy novalacs (e.g., NOGE) and more preferred compositions are also substantially free of bound BPA and aromatic glycidyl ether compounds. In more preferred embodiments (e.g.

Abstract: A polyester including at least one crosslinkable moiety is described. Each crosslinkable moiety includes at least one crosslinkable pendent group. A ratio of a total number of the at least one crosslinkable pendent groups to a total number of ester groups in the polyester may be in a range of 0.0001 to 0.5.

Abstract: The invention relates to method of treating chronic inflammatory diseases in subjects in need thereof by administering calcium lactate as an active agent. The calcium lactate can be provided in a pharmaceutical, food, or nutrient composition.

Abstract: Wax-modified hyperbranched polyols and wax-modified flexible hyperbranched polyols are described, as are coating compositions containing these polyols. These polyols provide excellent coatings, especially matte coatings, and allow for the exclusion of silica in coatings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a polyetherester copolymer having excellent economical efficiency by recycling unreacted diol and excellent physical properties. Accordingly, the preparation method may prepare a polyetherester copolymer of high purity having excellent economical efficiency by purifying a byproduct to separate a recycle stream including unreacted diol therefrom, and reusing the recycle stream.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed relate to electrocatalytic hydrogenation of muconic acid and polymers formed from the reaction products thereof. In various embodiments, the present invention provides an electrocatalytic method to prepare 3-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, 2-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, adipic acid, or a combination thereof, from muconic acid. The method includes passing current through a catalytic cathode in a reactor including an aqueous acidic solution including muconic acid, a supporting electrolyte, and an anode, so as to generate atomic hydrogen on the cathode surface in an amount effective to hydrogenate the muconic acid to yield a product including 3-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, 2-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, adipic acid, or a mixture thereof. Also disclosed is the polymerization of 3-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, 2-hexene-1,6-dioic acid, or a combination thereof with another compound, such as a diamine or a dialcohol, to form a polymer, such as a polyamide or a polyester.

Abstract: A process for preparing a macrocyclic lactone comprising 14 to 17 ring carbon atoms, the process comprising the steps of i) subjecting a reaction mixture comprising an olefin-containing random polyester, formed by metathesis to a cyclo-depolymerization reaction to form the macrocyclic lactone, and ii) concomitant removal of the macrocyclic lactone from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymer composition that is particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of injection moulded articles, which can be biodegraded in industrial composting. This invention also relates to a process for the production of the said composition and articles obtained thereby.

Abstract: Polyester pressure-sensitive adhesives are described. The polyester includes at least two different diacid residues and at least two different diol residues. The at least two different diacid residues include, based on the total moles of the at least two diacid residues, 20 to 80 mole percent of a residue of at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and 20 to 80 mole percent of at least one of a residue of adipic acid or sebacic acid. The polyesters may include at least one pendant group containing an alkenyl group.

Abstract: Polyester-based resin particles including a polyester-based resin as a base resin, in which the base resin exhibits a plurality of endothermic peaks corresponding to crystal melting temperatures by DSC measurement, at least one of the endothermic peaks exists in each region of a low temperature side region and a high temperature side region, a maximum endothermic peak of the low temperature side region and a maximum endothermic peak of the high temperature side region exhibit a crystal melting heat amount ratio (low temperature side crystal melting heat amount/high temperature side crystal melting heat amount) in a range of 0.1 to 1.5, and the polyester-based resin particles have a volume average particle diameter of 1 to 50 ?m.

Abstract: The invention provides novel amphiphilic drug-drug conjugates useful as cancer therapeutics, and compositions and methods thereof.

Abstract: Coating compositions that include a binder formed from a polyester and a phosphorus acid are disclosed. The binder includes a polyester material formed as the reaction product of a polyacid, a polyol, and a phosphorous acid, wherein the polyester material has a number-average molecular weight (Mn) from about 1,000 Da to 25,000 Da and a polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of from about 1 to 10. The polyester material is present in the binder composition in amounts of more than about 10 weight percent (wt %). The coating compositions are useful for coating food and/or beverage containers.

Abstract: High heat monomer compounds, methods for preparing compounds, and compositions derived from the compounds are provided. Also provided are materials and articles derived from the compounds.

Abstract: A thermosetting powder coating material includes powder particles containing a thermosetting resin, a thermosetting agent, and a surfactant. The amount of the surfactant is about 0.1 ppm or more and about 8.0 ppm or less on a mass basis.

Abstract: A polyester obtained by the esterification of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol and the polycondensation catalysed by a mixture of magnesium ethylene glycol and antimony ethylene glycol followed by granulation. In the polyester sections, the carboxyl end group is less than 15 mol/t, the mass percentage of oligomer is lower than 0.5%, and weight percentage of diethylene glycol is lower than 0.5%.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and methods for increasing the crystallization rate and/or processing speed of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers. PHA polymers are notorious for slow crystallization rates, reducing the practicality for using PHA for consumer products. Compounds that have similar crystal structures to PHA and have a melting point higher than that of the PHA, such as pentaerythritol, as well as compounds that undergo a crystal structure change at or below the melting point of the polymer, such as sulfur or selenium, act as good crystal nucleators for PHA.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process and device for making polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resin, particularly high molecular weight PBT resin. The process includes combining 1,4-butane diol and purified terephthalic acid to form a mixture and continuously supplying the mixture to a tower reactor having a plurality of reactor zones for esterification and/or transesterification. The product is continuously supplied to a first continuously stirred tank reactor, and further to a continuous polycondensation reactor. Particular conditions for each step of the process are further described herein. Also disclosed are a device for conducting the process, and a monitoring process for determining the carboxylic acid end group concentration of the resulting PBT.

Abstract: A system and method combine a first reactant with a second reactant to create a reaction product. A first pump is in fluid communication with a reaction vessel and a source of the first reactant. A second pump is in fluid communication with the reaction vessel and a source of the second reactant. A gas sparger is located in the reaction vessel, and the gas sparger is in fluid communication with a gas source for providing gas to the reaction vessel. A controller is configured to execute a program stored in the controller to: (i) receive a sensor signal based on a force exerted by the reaction vessel in a direction toward the sensor, and (ii) operate the first pump and the second pump to deliver to the reaction vessel the first reactant and the second reactant thereby causing a reaction that creates the reaction product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of polyesters comprising an esterification/transesterification stage and a polycondensation stage, characterized in that the said polycondensation stage is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a mixture of at least one Titanium-based compound and at least one Zirconium-based compound in which the Ti/(Ti+Zr) ratio by weights is equal to or greater than 0.01 and equal to or less than 0.70.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of polyesters comprising an esterification/transesterification stage and a polycondensation stage, characterized in that the said polycondensation stage is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a mixture of at least one Titanium-based compound and at least one Zirconium-based compound in which the Ti/(Ti+Zr) ratio by weight is equal to or greater than 0.01 and equal to or less than 0.40.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel packaging articles, e.g., food and beverage cans. Preferred cans typically comprise a body portion and an end portion, wherein at least one of the body and end portions are aluminum and are coated on at least one major surface with a coating composition of the present invention. Suitable coating compositions of the present invention comprise: one or more polyester resins, wherein at least one of the polyester resins has a glass transition temperature (‘Tg’) less than about 50° C., and wherein the polyester resin is formed by the reaction of one or more polyacid molecules and one or more polyol molecules; and a crosslinker. Preferred compositions are substantially free of mobile BPA and aromatic glycidyl ether compounds, e.g., BADGE, BFDGE and epoxy novalacs (e.g., NOGE) and more preferred compositions are also substantially free of bound BPA and aromatic glycidyl ether compounds. In more preferred embodiments (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bio-copolyester of polyethylene terephthalate composition prepared from raw materials which are derived from biomass. The bio-composition comprises: 1) about 92 to about 99 mole % of bioPET, prepared from bioMEG and bioPTA, 2) about 1 to about 8 mole % bio-based acids, bio-based diols and/or bio-based branching agents. Bio-based acids include bio-aliphatic diacids or bio-aromatic diacids, or their corresponding bio-esters, or a mixture thereof. Bio-based diols include bio-aliphatic diol comprising 3 to 20 carbon atoms, bio-cycloaliphatic diol of 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or bio-aromatic diol comprising 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof. Bio-based branching agents include bio-aliphatic compounds having more than two functionalities such as bio-trimellitic anhydride, bio-trimethylol propane, or bio-pentaerythritol, or a blend thereof.