Abstract: A stable iodine complex formed from the association of iodine with a pyrrolidonyl surfactant and its use in therapeutic, environmental and industrial applications and particularly as low foaming disinfectants for gradual release of iodine over significantly extended periods.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyether-polyamide block copolymer is disclosed, comprising copolymerizing, in the presence of an anionic polymerization catalyst, a lactam and a polyether prepolymer presented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residual group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon residual group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 4 to 450. The polyester prepolymer is prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene having two terminal hydroxy groups with an N-chlorocarbonyl lactam. The polyether-polyamide block according to the invention has high impact strength and is substantially colorless.

Abstract: In the invention, reaction raw-materials composed of a plurality of liquids are sequentially scraped with spiral grooves of one line or more provided in the peripheral face of the rotation shaft rotating within the cylinder wall with the discharge openings being formed therein. The reaction raw-materials are uniformly mixed within the grooves by shearing force or twist force through the rotation of the shaft. The reaction raw-material, if small amount, may be precisely mixed uniformly and is sequentially discharged after the mixing operation. This is suitable for reaction raw-materials which are short in the gelatin condition time from the mixing from the hardening. Some mixtures which are discarded without being used after the mixing may be reduced.

Abstract: (1) Pyrrolidonyl acrylate block polymers having the formula ##STR1## wherein n has a value of 1 to 3; X and X' are dissimilar and each is hydrogen or methyl; y and z each have a value of from 1 to 40, except that at least one of y and z is greater than 1 and R is hydrogen or methyl;(2) preparation of said polymers and(3) uses of said polymers.

Abstract: Copolymers of propylene oxide and N-epoxy propyl lactams having the structures ##STR1## wherein R is ##STR2## a has a value of 1-3; p has a value of 1-2; m has a value of 0-1; k has a value of 2-200; w and z each have a value of 2-50 x and y have a value of 2-100; and also the process for preparing the aforementioned copolymers as well as their use as surfactants.

Abstract: A process for preparing a nylon-6 block copolymer in which a solution comprising an acyllactam, epsilon-caprolactam and magnesium chloride is brought into reactive admixture with a solution of magnesium dilactam in epsilon-caprolactam. The acyllactam magnesium chloride solution is prepared by reaction of an acid halide functional material and magnesium dilactam.

Abstract: A process for producing a lactam copolymer, which comprises copolymerizing an omega-lactam and a diene polymer having an amino or imino group at molecular ends by the action of an alkaline catalyst and a polyfunctional co-catalyst, the proportions of the components satisfying the following equations (I) and (II)a/c>1/4 (I)b/c>1 (II)wherein a, b and c represent the equivalent weights of the alkaline catalyst, the polyfunctional co-catalyst and the diene polymer, respectively, per equivalent of omega-lactam.

Abstract: Polyamide based coating powders having a practically uniform grain size distribution are prepared employing the precipitation procedure provided that the polyamide is dissolved in ethanol at 127.degree. to 135.degree. C. and that the solution is cooled while distilling the ethanol in such a manner that the reactor jacket temperature does not drop below the temperature of the reactor contents until the end of the precipitation stage.

Abstract: The invention concerns an improved precipitation process in the manufacture of coating powders based on polyamides having at least ten aliphatically bound carbon atoms per carbonamide group. Rapid cooling takes place with stirring mainly by distilling the ethanol solvent until the temperature of precipitation is set in the range from 90.degree. to 113.degree. C. With the beginning of the saturation limit (about 125.degree. C.), the temperature difference between the coolant in the jacket and the solution inside is maintained at most at .+-.3.degree. C. The solution is maintained during the precipitation stage at constant temperature (isothermal procedure) by further distillation of the ethanol.

Abstract: A polyesteramide is prepared by reacting(1) at least one polyamide-forming compound selected from the group consisting of amino carboxylic acids having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, lactams having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and nylon salts comprising dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 12 carbon atoms and diamines having 4 to 12 carbon atoms,(2) a dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 54 carbon atoms, and(3) a polycaprolactonediol having an average molecular weight of 200 to 2,500 or 4,500 to 10,000; and is good at heat stability.

Abstract: Pulverulent polyamide coating compositions consisting of a mixture of similar polyamides having on the average at least nine aliphatically bound carbon atoms per carbonamide group and of different relative viscosity, the difference in relative viscosities amounting to at least 0.04 and at most 0.1 units.The mixtures are obtained by mixing powders prepared both by precipitation or by cold grinding or also by mixing the corresponding granulates which subsequently are then cold ground.

Abstract: Poly(1-oxy-3-lactam vinylenes) of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 1, 2, or 3 are disclosed formed by the polymerization of 1-(2-chloroacetyl)lactams having 5, 6, or 7 carbon atoms in the lactam ring. The polymers are useful reactants in polyester and polyurethane formation.

Abstract: Process for preparing polyamide by anionically polymerizing lactam in the presence of an alkaline metal catalyst, an activator and at least one low molecular weight ester compound. The polymerization process is rapid and yields polyamides having good impact strengths. The process significantly reduces moulding time in reaction injection moulding.

Abstract: The thermosetting resin composition of the present invention is prepared by mixing an aromatic cyanamide compound with a cyclic ester compound and/or a cyclic amide compound. Although a solventless type composition is preferable, the present invention is not limited thereto. The cured product of the present invention can be prepared by heating and curing said thermosetting resin composition. The obtained cured product of the present invention usually contains melamine rings, isomelamine rings and linear polyester and/or a linear polyamide units.

Abstract: Surgical filaments such as sutures and ligatures are produced from block copolyetheramides. The filaments combine high strength with high compliance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for carrying out continuous demonomerization and postpolymerization of Polyamide 6 melts and a reactor for carrying out this process. The reactor of this invention has a cylinder with a horizontal axis around which an interior rotor shaped like a cage rotates. The reactor can be partially filled with polymer melt. There is a multitude of elements along the periphery of the rotor which partly dip into the melt and serve to convey the melt through the reactor, generate new surfaces and mix and homogenize the melt as the polymer melt undergoes demonomerization and postpolymerization under vacuum.

Abstract: Polyamides such as nylon-6 type polyamides are prepared by the reaction or copolymerization of a major amount by weight of a lactam and a minor amount by weight of a graft copolymer of maleic anhydride on a low molecular weight liquid conjugated diene polymer or copolymer or of a copolymer of a conjugated diene and a monovinyl aryl monomer or a nitrile. For example, a graft of maleic anhydride on liquid butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer is copolymerized with epsilon-caprolactam using an anionic lactam polymerization catalyst (a lactamate salt) like the reaction product of ethyl magnesium bromide and epsilon-caprolactam. The present invention may be useful in a RIM (Reaction Injection Molding) process. The resulting polyamides have improved impact strength and water resistance. They can be used to make automobile and truck bodies and parts.

Abstract: Poly-2-pyrrolidone polymer and compositions having improved thermal stability via the capping of at least a portion of the amino and/or carboxy end group of the polymer and processes for preparing such polymers and compositions. The processes are characterized by the reaction of the polymer with alkanolamines and/or alkyl polyamines. The products afford improved melt processability.

Abstract: A process for producing an anionic copolymer containing urethane and carboxylic acid ester moieties with or without carbonate moieties, carbonamide moieties, or both carbonate and carbonamide moieties, having weight average molecular weights from 1,000 to 150,000, determined by light diffusion method, which comprises heating an anhydrous mixture of 20 to 80% by weight of lactam and 80 to 20% by weight of a cyclic carbonate at temperatures between 100.degree. and 250.degree. C. in the presence of 0.001 to 1% by weight, based on the quantity of monomers, of an alkaline catalyst and copolymers produced thereby which are useful as adhesives, plasticizers and lacquers.

Abstract: Novel polyamides are prepared for itaconic acid, other diacids and diamines. These polyamides are useful as molded objects, fibers, films, laminates and coatings.

Abstract: Polyamides from lactams are prepared by the reaction of an initiator compound, a liquid hydroxy containing nitrile copolymer and a lactam using as a catalyst a minor amount of a lactam anionic polymerization catalyst. The resulting polyamides exhibit high impact strength and improved dimensional stability or reduced sensitivity to dimensional change upon exposure to a high humidity environment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process for preparing a copolyamide comprising polymerizing an alpha, beta-unsaturated nitrile and water with a molar excess of a lactam. In one embodiment, acrylonitrile, water and caprolactam are polymerized to form a nylon-3,6.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process for preparing a copolyamide comprising polymerizing an alpha, beta-unsaturated nitrile and water with a molar excess of a lactam. In one embodiment, acrylonitrile, water and caprolactam are polymerized to form a nylon-3,6.

Abstract: Molded articles of polymerized lactams are prepared by pumping of a catalyst containing partial lactam melt at a temperature of .+-.1.degree. C. of a temperature in the range of 160.degree. C. to 170.degree. C. and a lower temperature activator containing partial lactam melt at a temperature of .+-.1.degree. C. of a temperature in the range of 160.degree. C. to 170.degree. C. to which activator addition is delayed relative to catalyst addition, with separate gear pumps to a mixing zone maintained between 170.degree. and 175.degree. C., the pumps connected to the mixing zone by straight feed tubes positioned at an angle of inclination to the horizontal of a maximum of 10.degree., each feed tube having a volume of at least one-third greater than the pump to which it is connected and form the mixing zone into a mold. At least part of the gases released are returned to the mixing zone by the tube systems and gear pumps. The products formed crumble on being heated to a temperature of approximately 220.degree. C.

Abstract: Molded articles of polymerized lactams are prepared by pumping of a catalyst containing partial lactam melt at a temperature of .+-.1.degree. C. of a temperature in the range of 160.degree. C. to 170.degree. C. and a lower temperature activator containing partial lactam melt at a temperature of .+-.1.degree. C. of a temperature in the range of 160.degree. C. to 170.degree. C. to which activator addition is delayed relative to catalyst addition, with separate gear pumps to a mixing zone maintained between 170.degree. and 175.degree. C., the pumps connected to the mixing zone by straight feed tubes positioned at an angle of inclination to the horizontal of a maximum of 10.degree., each feed tube having a volume of at least one-third greater than the pump to which it is connected and form the mixing zone into a mold. At least part of the gases released are returned to the mixing zone by the tube systems and gear pumps. Apparatus to carry out the method is also provided.

Abstract: Hot-melt adhesives for articles which come into contact with organic fuels for internal engines comprising binary copolyamides having:A. 50-90 percent by weight of lactams or .omega.-aminocarboxylic acids having at least 10 methylene groups; andB. 50-10 percent by weight of equimolar quantities of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diamines in which the total of the methyl, methylene and/or methylidyne groups present is at least 13.The extractable content in the copolyamide hot-melt adhesive is not more than 5 percent by weight as determined after 9 hours in boiling ethanol.

Abstract: Poly-2-pyrrolidone polymer compositions having improved melt processability via the capping of at least a portion of the amino and/or carboxy end group of the polymer and the incorporation therewith of certain epoxide organic isocyanate and/or polyol additive compositions. The melt extrusion of such compositions is also disclosed.

Abstract: A mixture for the preparation of novel crosslinked nitrogen-containing polyadducts, which comprises(a) an N-cyanolactam of the formula I or II ##STR1## and (b) a monomeric or oligomeric organic compound having at least 2 C atoms and at least 2 amino groups or at least 1 amino group and 1 hydroxyl group.The curable mixtures of components (a) and (b) and, if desired, a monoamino compound are suitable for use as casting resins or adhesives, or for the preparation of foams and coatings.The symbols are each as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: The method for preparing polydodecanamide or copolymers based thereon according to the present invention involves melting of .omega.-dodecalactam or a mixture thereof with amide-forming monomers and polymerization of the resulting melt at a temperature ranging from 180.degree. to 320.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst and a molecular-mass regulator. According to the invention, prior to polymerization the resulting melt is filtered through a filtering bed comprising solid oxidized particles of .omega.-dodecalactam with an elemental content of oxygen of from 10 to 24% by mass.

Abstract: A composition useful as a catalyst in solution polymerization comprises (1) a barium, calcium and/or strontium alcoholate, (2) an organoaluminum compound and (3) an organomagnesium compound. (2) and (3) may be used as a complex with (1). The compositions can be used to polymerize ethylenically unsaturated monomers like butadiene, butadiene and styrene, and isoprene and heterocyclic monomers like oxiranes, thiiranes, siloxanes, thiatanes and lactams. The catalyst composition can produce polybutadienes and butadiene-styrene copolymers having a trans-1,4 content as high as 90%. The non-terminating features of the polymerization of this invention permit the preparation of functionally terminated butadiene based polymers and block polymers containing sufficient amounts of trans-1,4 butadiene units to crystallize.

Abstract: An improved, consistent quality anionic catalyst for polymerizing pyrrolidone, optionally mixed with up to 25% of another copolymerizable lactam, is disclosed in which an alkali metal pyrrolidonate, prepared by reacting an alkali metal hydroxide or alkoxide with a molar excess of pyrrolidone, is heated for at least 5 hours at 100.degree.-175.degree. C. in the absence of water and air. Reproduceable results are obtained when the catalyst so heated is used to polymerize pyrrolidone.

Abstract: Transparent, high molecular-weight copolyamides having high glass transition temperatures, based on:(1) lactams or omega-aminocarboxylic acids;(2) terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, esters thereof, ester forming derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof; and(3) mixtures of diamines; the copolyamide consisting of:(A) about 25 to 60 mole % of at least one omega-aminocarboxylic acid having at least 11 C atoms or its lactams;(B) about 40 to 75 mole % of an equivalent mixture of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid or a mixture thereof, and a diamine mixture of about 80 to 50 mole % referred to the total diamines, of isophorone diamine and correspondingly about 20 to 50 mole % of diamines of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 4 C atoms and the sum of A+B amounts to 100 mole %.The copolyamides have utility as transparent, impact resistant molded articles.

Abstract: Process which accelerates the activated and non-activated polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone. A prepared polymerization charge containing monomer and components of the initiation system is first allowed to polymerize at a temperature above the monomer melting temperature, then is cooled below the melting point of the mixture, and then the crystalline reaction mixture is heated to a polymerization temperature of 25.degree. to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: A composition suitable for use as an adhesive or for forming coatings comprising a suspension of finely divided polypyrrolidone in aqueous formic acid and a method for the production thereof. The invention also includes a method for coating a substrate and for adhering substrates employing the above composition.

Abstract: Polyamide powder coating compositions for the coating of metals at high temperatures are obtained by the precipitation method from polyamides having at least 10 aliphatically bound carbon atoms per carbonamide group, copolyamides having at least 70% of these polyamides and mixtures of homopolyamides and copolyamides having at least 70% of these polyamides.A. For the preparation of powder coating compositions useful in the fluidized bed coating method the polyamides with 10 or more carbon atoms and having a relative viscosity between 1.4 and 1.8 are added to at least twice the amount by weight of ethanol and while the mixture is being mechanically mixed in a closed vessel is converted into a solution at temperatures between 130.degree. and 150.degree. C. This solution is adjusted to a precipitation temperature of between 100.degree. and 125.degree. C. while avoiding the formation of local sub-cooling and is agitated under an inert gas atmosphere to suppress boiling.

Abstract: Water-soluble polyamines which are obtainable by reacting(A) one or more water-soluble or water-dispersible basic polyamides which have been prepared by condensation of aliphatic polyamines containing at least two primary amino groups and at least one secondary or tertiary amino group, or of mixtures of these polyamines and of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic polyamines containing two primary or two secondary amino groups or one primary and one secondary amino group, with saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 4-10 carbon atoms, or with functional derivatives thereof and optionally with .omega.-aminocarboxylic acids containing at least 3 carbon atoms, or lactams thereof,(B) one or more polyalkylenepolyamines of the general formula ##STR1## in which R denotes H or CH.sub.

Abstract: Polypyrrolidone polymers and copolymers are obtained by polymerizing 2-pyrrolidone, optionally with another lactam, in the presence of a catalyst and accelerator, first in the mass until at least 10% of the monomer is converted but the reaction product is still capable of suspension, then completing the desired degree of polymerization by suspending the reaction mixture in an inert liquid dispersion agent that does not dissolve the desired polymer. Relatively high molecular weight polymers are prepared in a short amount of time using this two-stage procedure.

Abstract: A method is described for the anionic polymerization and copolymerization of .omega.-aminoacid lactams. This end is attained at elevated temperatures in the presence of a polymerization initiator of the formulaMeZX.sub.m L.sub.nwherein Me is an alkali metal, Z is boron or aluminum, X is an alkoxy group and L is an organic residue derived from a lactam and being of the formula ##STR1## wherein a is an integer in the range 3-11, m is an integer in the range of 0-3, (m+n) is 4 and n is (4-m).

Abstract: Flame retardant intumescent polyamides comprising repeating structural units of the formulas ##STR1## wherein X is independently chloro or bromo, and n and n' are each independently a positive integer are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing 2-pyrrolidone to form a particulate material suitable for melt extrusion processes is disclosed. The process involves agitating to form particles at a critical point during the polymerization in which a friable gel exists. The gel is formed as a result of the addition of polymerization accelerators to the polymerization mixture but as the accelerated polymerization proceeds the gel soon hardens to a tough cake which can no longer be broken up by agitation. If the polymerizing mixture is agitated before the formation of the gel only very fine particles are formed.

Abstract: A process for preparing coating powders based on polylaurolactam for the vitrification coating process beginning with polylaurolactam granulates obtained by polymerizing laurolactam under internal pressure in the presence of 2 to 10% by wt. of water and 0.3 to 0.7% by wt. of phosphoric acid at temperatures between 265.degree. and 300.degree. C., in the absence of chain stabilizers, and which have a relative viscosity of between 1.50 and 1.80. After precooling to temperatures between -50.degree. and 0.degree. C., the granulates are ground and then graded. Extraction with methanol or ethanol is carried out prior to grinding or grading. Pigments are added to the monomerous laurolactam or to the polylaurolactam in the molten state prior to granulation. The powders are especially well suited to manufacture colored powders by the dry-blend process.

Abstract: A novel method of utilizing quaternary ammonium compounds to accelerate the polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone is disclosed. The method consists of dehydrating the hygroscopic quaternary ammonium compound by adding it to 2-pyrrolidone and distilling over, under vacuum, a portion of the pyrrolidone whereby the water is removed and then adding the residue to a conventional anhydrous polymerization mixture composed of an alkali metal salt of 2-pyrrolidone dissolved in 2-pyrrolidone and effecting polymerization by adding a polymerization initiator and heating the mixture to a temperature ranging from about room temperature to about 60.degree. C.

Abstract: Polyamides are described which are useful for injection molding and which are produced by the polycondensation of (a) a diaminodicyclohexane or a diaminodicyclohexylalkane, (b) a polyamide-forming aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and (c) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid-diamine mixture or salt thereof.

Abstract: Water-soluble polyamines which are obtainable by reacting(A) one or more water-soluble or water-dispersible basic polyamides which have been prepared by condensation of aliphatic polyamines containing at least two primary amino groups and at least one secondary or tertiary amino group, or of mixtures of these polyamines and of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic polyamines containing two primary or two secondary amino groups or one primary and one secondary amino group, with saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 4-10 carbon atoms, or with functional derivatives thereof and optionally with .omega.-aminocarboxylic acids containing at least 3 carbon atoms, or lactams thereof,(B) one or more polyalkylenepolyamines of the general formula ##STR1## in which R denotes H or CH.sub.

Abstract: Water-soluble amines which are not self-crosslinking and are obtainable by reacting(A) one or more water-soluble or water-dispersable amines containing amide groups, prepared by condensation of (a) 1 mol of dicarboxylic acid or functional derivatives thereof, (b) 0 to 30 mols of aminocarboxylic acids containing at least three C atoms, or lactams thereof, and (c) 1.4 to 30 mols of polyalkylenepolyamines of the general formula ##STR1## in which R denotes H or CH.sub.3,y is in each case the same or different and denotes the number 0 or 1 andx denotes a number from 4 to 15,and(B) compounds which are polyfunctional towards amino groups, are suitable as agents for increasing the retention of fibres, fillers and pigments, for accelerating drainage during the production of paper and for working up effluents from paper machines.

Abstract: A method of recovering and recycling quaternary ammonium accelerators for the polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone is disclosed. The method consists of removing the quaternary ammonium compound together with unpolymerized 2-pyrrolidone by washing the polymer with a solvent for both, such as water or methanol, neutralizing the solution immediately after washing and then removing the solvent at a sufficiently low temperature so that the quaternary ammonium compound is not decomposed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of forming pure white polymers of 2-pyrrolidone when using SO.sub.2 as the activator. The method involves the use of the rubidium or cesium salt of 2-pyrrolidone as the alkaline catalyst in place of the sodium or potassium salt customarily used and which cause the formation of yellow polymer.

Abstract: A process for forming polymers of 2-pyrrolidone in pellet form via bulk polymerization is disclosed. Polymerization accelerators are empolyed to markedly shorten the polymerization time thus making possible a compact continuous polymerization apparatus which produces pellets of high polymer content requiring no further polymerization. The pellets are formed by forcing the polymerizing mixture through small tubes to form rods of polymer which are then cut into short lengths.

Abstract: Molded articles of polymerized lactams are prepared by pumping of a catalyst containing partial lactam melt at a temperature of .+-. 1.degree. C. of a temperature in the range of 160.degree. C. to 170.degree. C. and a lower temperature activator containing partial lactam melt at a temperature of .+-. 1.degree. C. of a temperature in the range of 160.degree. C. to 170.degree. C. to which activator addition is delayed relative to catalyst addition, with separate gear pumps to a mixing zone maintained between 170 and 175.degree. C., the pumps connected to the mixing zone by straight feed tubes positioned at an angle of inclination to the horizontal of a maximum of 10.degree., each feed tube having a volume of at least one-third greater than the pump to which it is connected and form the mixing zone into a mold. At least part of the gases released are returned to themixing zone by the tube systems and gear pumps. Apparatus to carry out the method is also provided.

Abstract: Polyamides are described which are useful for injection molding and which are produced by the polycondensation of (a) a diaminodicyclohexane or a diaminodicyclohexylalkane, (b) a polyamide-forming aromatic dicarboxylic acid of more than 9 carbon atoms, and (c) an .omega.-amino-acid, a lactam of more than 9 carbon atoms, or an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid-diamine mixture or salt thereof.