Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for producing fluorinated pyromellitate surfactants. The process comprises two primary steps. The first step involves reacting pyromellitic dianhydride with fluorinated alcohol at a mole ratio of about two moles of fluorinated alcohol per mole of pyromellitic dianhydride, thereby producing a pyromellitate having two fluorinated esters moieties and two carboxylic acid moieties. Thereafter, the fluorinated pyromellitate with carboxylic acid moieties is reacted with an oxirane compound in the presence of trimellitic anhydride to produce fluorinated pyromellitate mixtures having a reduced percentage of fluorine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkoxylation products of organic carboxylic acids containing alcoholic hydroxyl groups by the reaction of any organic compounds containing at least one carboxyl group with alkylene oxides in an alkoxylation reaction in the presence of catalysts, characterized in that the catalysts used are phase transfer catalysts selected from the group consisting of(a) tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium halides in which the sum of carbon atoms of the alkyl groups is at least 8,(b) basic alkali metal compounds converted into complexes with crown ethers and(c) complexes of (i) basic alkali metal compounds and (ii) acyclic organic compounds containing at least 5 alkylene oxide units of the formula --R--O-- (R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The process for preparing a novel thermoset polymer comprising copolymerizing a monomer containing both bicyclic amide acetal and epoxy groups with a dicarboxylic acid anhydride is described.

Abstract: A precondensate obtained by reacting(A) the product of reacting a mono- or polyfunctional primary or secondary amine with cyanamide, dicyandiamide, guanidine or biguanidine and(B) an epihalohydrin is obtained in the form of a stable aqueous dispersion by acidifying the reaction product, optionally in the presence of a water-soluble polymer. The product is useful as an after-treatment agent to improve the fastness of dyeings on cotton, wool or silk.

Abstract: Heat curable epoxy-styrene compositions exhibiting improved processability, low viscosity, long pot life, and fire retardancy which when cured with a special acid anhydride/onium salt epoxy curing blend in combination with a free-radical catalyst, yield cured products exhibiting improved physical properties, such as increased heat deflection temperature, increased flexural strength and increased flexibility.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for producing fluorinated pyromellitate surfactants. The process comprises two primary steps. The first step involves reacting pyromellitic dianhydride with fluorinated alcohol at a mole ratio of about two moles of fluorinated alcohol per mole of pyromellitic dianhydride, thereby producing a pyromellitate having two fluorinated esters moieties and two carboxylic acid moieties. Thereafter, the fluorinated pyromellitate with carboxylic acid moieties is reacted with an oxirane compound in the presence of trimellitic anhydride to produce fluorinated pyromellitate mixtures having a reduced percentage of fluorine.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a copolymer of maleic anhydride and an alkylene oxide of the formula: ##STR1## wherein m is at least 4,n is at least 1,the ratio of m to n is at least 4:1, preferably 4:1 to 100:1,R, which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen, halogen, alkyl derivative or phenyl derivative, andR' is: ##STR2## The instant invention is also directed to a process for the preparation of the copolymer and its use in inhibiting the precipitation and deposition of scale in an aqueous system.

Abstract: A class of polymer precursor materials, which, under appropriate conditions, react to form cross-linked polymers, is disclosed. These materials contain a backbone segment, such as polyacrylate, having pendant therefrom mono- or disubstituted olefinic groups, such as vinyl itaconate, having specific polymerization rates. This class of materials, especially when coupled with specifically-defined oxygen-activated catalyst systems, provide paint and plastic compositions which exhibit excellent film formation, strength and durability characteristics.

Abstract: Excellent and very high quality impact-resistant polymer products products are comprised of particular polyether elastomer constituents which modify and attribute many desirable properties and characteristics to the interpolymerized end product; impact styrene polymers being especially advantageous varieties thereof. In-situ polymerization, with specific coordination catalyst systems, is followed to form polyether polymers of epoxidized monomer constituents provided directly dissolved (or dispersed) in the major addition-polymerizable monomer utilized. The rubbery polyether elastomer so made is then interpolymerized with the major monomer to provide the advantageous high impact end product.

Abstract: The reaction product of (i) an aromatic amide having the amine group of the amide attached to an aromatic ring, and (ii) a mono- or di-epoxide, has been found to be a good fortifier of epoxy resins. Epoxy resins have been found to attain increased strength and modulus (yet not brittle) by compounding:(a) a resin-forming polyepoxide,(b) an amine curing agent for (a), and(c) the above fortifier; and heat curing the mixture. Strengths as high as 130-150 MPa and modulus values to as high as 5000 MPa have been achieved yet with a ductile mode of fracture.

Abstract: A class of polymer precursor materials, which, under appropriate conditions, react to form cross-linked polymers, is disclosed. These materials contain a backbone segment, preferably a polyacrylate, and have pendant therefrom (1) reactive mono- or disubstituted olefinic groups, such as vinyl or allyl itaconate, and (2) water-solubilizing groups, such as the half ester of maleic acid. This class of materials, especially when combined with specifically-defined oxygen-activated catalyst systems, provides water-based paint compositions which exhibit film formation, strength and durability characteristics comparable to those of the best solvent-based paint formulations.

Abstract: A reaction between pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and less than two moles of fluoroalcohol produces an intermediate with ester, free acid and anhydride groups. Reaction with an oxirane compound such as epichlorohydrin reacts at the acid sites to produce pendant hydroxyls which react with anhydride on adjacent molecules to produce oligomers. Products with fluoroalcohol:PMDA ratios of, for example, about 1:0.6 to about 1:0.85 produce treated fibers with improved retention of oil repellancy, especially when annealed at 100.degree.-130.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel compositions of matter comprising a reaction product of a tannin and epoxy material are hereby provided. The novel reaction products can be dispersed in an aqueous or solvent medium for use as a treating or coating composition which imparts excellent corrosion resistance to metals and exhibits excellent substrate and intercoat adhesion.

Abstract: A class of polymer precursor materials, which, under appropriate conditions, react to form cross-linked polymers, is disclosed. These materials contain a backbone segment, such as polyacrylate, having pendant therefrom mono- or disubstituted olefinic groups, such as vinyl itaconate, having specific polymerization rates. This class of materials, especially when coupled with specifically-defined oxygen-activated catalyst systems, provide paint and plastic compositions which exhibit excellent film formation, strength and durability characteristics.

Abstract: A novel composition of matter capable of being cured to a solid resinous material obtained as a result of the reaction of (1) a coal derivative comprising a mixture of monocyclic, polycyclic, multifunctional carboxylic acids, resulting from the interaction of coal with nitric acid with (2) an oxirane, and a process for producing a solid resinous material therefrom by heating the same under pressure.

Abstract: A process for recovering bitumen from oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions is disclosed wherein water soluble demulsifiers are used. These demulsifiers are branched water-soluble quaternary ammonium-containing polymers. To resolve the bituminous petroleum emulsions, the process is carried out between 25.degree. and 160.degree. C. wherein the demulsifier of the invention is contacted with the bituminous emulsion.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising:(A) at least one spiro-orthoester compound having at least one spiro-orthoester group represented by the formula: [I] ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 3-5, (B) at least one curing agent selected from the group consisting of organic polybasic acids and their anhydrides,(C) optionally, an epoxy compound having at least one epoxy group, and(D) optionally a cationic polymerization catalyst when the composition comprises ingredient (C).Said composition is small in shrinkage on curing, and provides a cured product of high dimensional accuracy when used as a molding material.

Abstract: A novel composition of matter capable of being cured to a solid resinous material obtained as a result of the reaction of (1) a coal derivative comprising a mixture of monocyclic, polycyclic, multifunctional carboxylic acids, resulting from the interaction of coal with nitric acid with (2) an oxirane, and a process for producing a solid resinous material therefrom by heating the same under pressure.

Abstract: Process for preparing copolymers soluble in organic solvents and containing hydroxyl groups, by the polymerization and esterification of (a) at least one .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid with (b) at least one olefinically unsaturated copolymerizable monomer and (c) at least one epoxy group-containing compound, at an elevated temperature, in the presence of a polymerization catalyst and, advantageously, a polymerization modifier, characterized in that glycidol, ##STR1## is used as component (c), either alone or in admixture with one or more glycidyl esters with 12 to 19 carbon atoms and derived from saturated fatty acids, the number of epoxy groups being at least equivalent to the number of carboxyl groups, and in mixtures of glycidol with glycidyl esters, the number of equivalents of glycidyl esters is at most twice as great as the number of equivalents of glycidol.

Abstract: Polyester silicate resinous products are produced by mixing an organic epoxide compound, hydrated silica, Lewis acid and a polycarboxylic acid and/or polycarboxylic acid anhydride, then heating the mixture to from 150.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. for 30 minutes to 4 hours. The polyester is silicate resinous products may be used as a coating agent, as a molding powder and as an adhesive.

Abstract: Polymerable organic compounds and an epoxide compound are emulsified with aqueous alkali metal silicate solutions then polymerized with a catalyst such as a peroxide type catalyst thereby producing an alkali metal silicate organic plastic which may be used as an adhesive, as molding powder or reacted with an organic diisocyanide to produce polyurethane silicate resins and foams.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymers containing hydroxyl groups by radical reaction of(A) 10 to 30% by weight of at least one glycidyl ester containing 12 to 14 carbon atoms, of an aliphatic saturated monocarboxylic acid with a tertiary or quaternary .alpha.-carbon atom; and(B) 90 to 70% by weight of at least two unsaturated copolymerisable monomers, at least one of which contains at least one carboxyl group,wherein component (A) is introduced first to a reaction zone and is then reacted at a temperature of at least 140.degree. C. with component (B) and a radical initiator, the component (B) containing a monomer having carboxyl groups,wherein for the preparation of low-viscosity copolymers component (A) is reacted at 140 to 200.degree. C. by substance polymerisation until a degree of reaction of at least 95% is achieved, the component (B) containing at least 3.3% by weight of the monomer having carboxyl groups, and an article coated with a product of said process.

Abstract: Air-driable alkyd resins are prepared by reacting substantially equimolar a dicarboxylic acid anhydride and a glycidyl ester of a primary fatty acid, at least part of the ester having a--CH.dbd.CH--linkage not .alpha..beta. to the carboxyl group residue of the fatty acid residue. The glycidyl ester may be used alone or in admixture with a glycidyl ether or ephichlorohydrin. Polymerization is effected at relatively low temperatures (100.degree. C. or less) using a catalyst, which is preferably a stannous or zinc carboxylate. The resins produced are substantially color-free and have a narrow range of molecular weights.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition which comprises:(1) a monoepoxide having at least one perfluoroalkyl group in one molecule; and(2) an epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule, the weight ratio of (1):(2) being 0.05:99.95 to 50:50. The composition can be cured with a curing agent to give a cured product having improved water-proof, oil-resistance and anti-contamination properties.

Abstract: Block polymers containing an hydroxyalkyl phthalate ester as one of the constituent blocks and a copolymer of tetrahydrofuran and one or more alkylene oxides as one or more of the other constituent blocks are useful in preparing polyurethanes and polyesters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of soluble copolymers, which contain hydroxyl groups, can be crosslinked with organic polyisocyanates and are based on mixtures of styrene, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and glycidyl esters of .alpha.-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or .alpha.,.alpha.-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids, by heating in inert organic solvents in the presence of polymerization initiators and optionally chain stoppers, simultaneous esterification and polymerization taking place.

Abstract: A thermosetting coating or adhesive composition based on (A) at least one component selected from the group consisting of oligomeric and polymeric compounds containing at least one of the functional groups hydroxyl and epoxy groups, and (B) a polycarboxylic acid mixture comprising trimellitic acid and a major amount of at least one compound of one of the formulae ##STR1## wherein R, R' and R'", being the same or different, each represents a di- to hexavalent hydrocarbon radical having a total of from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said radical containing from zero to 2 olefinic double bonds, said radical without double bonds being interrupted by up to 3 ether bridges:x and y which may be the same or different, each represents an integer of from 2 to 6;t an integer of from 1 to 5; andz and u, which may be the same or different, each represents zero or an integer of from 1 to 5 and a process for coating a substrate with said composition.

Abstract: The trisubstituted (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)phosphonium hydroxide inner salts and their hydrolyzed derivatives are novel latent catalysts for promoting reaction between vicinal epoxides and phenols and/or carboxylic acids (or anhydrides). Precatalyzed epoxy resins are easily prepared using such catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of soluble copolymers, which contain hydroxyl groups, can be crosslinked with organic polyisocyanates and are based on mixtures of styrene, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and glycidyl esters of .alpha.-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or .alpha.,.alpha.-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids, by heating in inert organic solvents in the presence of polymerisation initiators and optionally chain stoppers, simultaneous esterification and polymerisation taking place.

Abstract: Compositions comprising an ester diol alkoxylate in conjunction with crosslinkers, or polycaprolactone polyols or derivatives thereof, or low molecular weight polyols, or isocyanates, or latexes have been produced that are useful as coatings, inks and adhesives.

Abstract: New and useful blends of thermosetting resins with copolymers of certain amounts of ethylene with another monomer copolymerizable therewith to provide solid but flexible polymers, and a third monomer containing epoxy side groups, and optionally carbon monoxide, are provided. These blends result in performance unattainable with the thermosetting resin alone in terms of flexibility, toughness, and adhesion. Such blends may be used, for example, to produce flexible, semirigid or rigid films, coatings, fibers, foams or molded articles.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing a catalytic solution of a sulfonium salt of a complex anion, capable of yielding a Lewis Acid when irradiated by UV or high energy ionizing radiation comprising reacting a sulfonium halide with an alkali metal salt of the complex anion in a solvent mixture containing a polyol having at least two hydroxy groups and a lactone.

Abstract: Certain phosphorus-containing compounds are described herein which are novel latent catalysts for promoting the reaction between vicinal epoxides and phenols and/or carboxylic acids (or anhydrides). Precatalyzed epoxy resins are easily prepared using such catalysts.

Abstract: Room-temperature-curable compositions can be prepared readily by mixing (A) 100 parts by weight of at least one non-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and (B) from about 1 to about 1,000 parts by weight of at least one amine-terminated liquid polymer having a carbon-carbon backbone, (C) optionally, a chain extender or crosslinker and (D) optionally, a curing agent. The compositions are useful as castable elastomeric systems, as toughened structural plastics, as paints and coatings, as sealants and adhesives, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of a polyester having an acid number which is not greater than 65 which comprises reacting an acid anhydride with a monoterminal epoxide in such a way that a self-sustaining reaction is initiated within 200 seconds of the reactants being mixed together and said reaction results in the attainment of a maximum temperature in excess of 200.degree. C within 200 seconds of initiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of a polyester having an acid number which is not greater than 65 which comprises reacting an acid anhydride with a monoterminal epoxide in the presence of a solvent for the polyester in such a way that a self-sustaining reaction is initiated within 200 seconds of the reactants being mixed together and said reaction results in the attainment of a maximum peak temperature within 200 seconds of initiation.

Abstract: To accelerate the curing of epoxide resins by particular curing agents, i.e., polyamines, polyaminoamides, polycarboxylic acids, or polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, there is employed an aliphatic or araliphatic monocarboxylic acid group at least two halogen atoms chosen from fluorine and chlorine atoms, or a salt thereof, such as magnesium trifluoroacetate and magnesium trichloroacetate.

Abstract: Polyesters having as the repeating unit thereof a unit of the generic formula: ##STR1## (wherein, X stands for a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group or a cinnamoyl-oxymethyl group, Y for a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group and R for --CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or O-phenylene group) are new polyesters possessed of photosensitivity. These photosensitive polyesters are produced by the reaction of acid anhydrides with glycidyl cinnamate.

Abstract: High solids coating or ink compositions comprising blends of low molecular weight acrylic copolymers having pendant carboxyl groups and aliphatic polyepoxides.

Abstract: A low profile unsaturated polyester resin composition comprising (A) a reaction product between (1) a saturated polyester having a molecular weight of 3,000 - 50,000 obtained from a saturated polycarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol and (2) an unsaturated monoglycidyl compounds, (B) an unsaturated polyester, and (C) an unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the reaction product (A) and the unsaturated polyester (B) which gives a molded articles of improved surface smoothness and dimensional stability without deterioration of strength peculiar to unsaturated polyester resins.