Abstract: A system for recovering, selecting and recycling empty containers returned after use which includes two specific sequences. In the first sequence, a container (4) passes a door (2) to remove material of a different type, while the accepted product activates a microswitch (9) for counting and activating a warming device to blow in hot air onto the same material which is thus softened; the container is then pushed between a motor driven heated pressing roll (18) with tension supplied by sliding contacts (22) to carry out a compact and permanent pressing by using pressing-welding points and another inertia roller (19). Knives (24) cooperate with the two rollers to ensure the separation. In the second sequence or selection phase, recovered bodies (29), are applied from hopper (30) and fall onto a feeding system with vibrating canals, to maintain the containers individually; photocells (34) check that no superpositions occur.

Abstract: The present invention relates to packaging edible solid fats, and more particularly to a two-piece packaging system comprising an outer casing of container or similar rigid material, defining the overall shape of the package, and an inner sealed bag of a thin, flexible packaging material. In the practice of the present invention, the fats are heated to a molten state, introduced into the inner sealed bag, and allowed to cool and harden in the bag.

Abstract: A thermally insulated container is provided, mainly intended for storing and transporting material such as vaccine, biological material or the like, which requires storing at a constant temperature during several months. The container comprises an outer and an inner vessel each of which is hermetically sealed and defining an outer and an inner space respectively. The material to be kept at said temperature is arranged in the inner space. A solid-to-liquid phase transforming material is arranged in the inner space completely surrounding said material. A composite insulation fills out the outer space and comprises layers of a porous material under vacuum alternating with layers of a heat reflecting material. The insulation encloses the inner vessel on all sides and the outer space is free from structural connections extending between the inner and outer vessels, so that thermal bridges between the inner and outer vessels are effectively prevented.

Abstract: A three layer oriented film, packages made from the oriented films, and packaging methods using the oriented film. Each layer of the film is molecularly oriented. A first outer layer of the film is nylon 6. The other outer layer of the film is a blend of 50% to 100% linear low density polyethylene and 50% to 0% low density polyethylene. An intermediate adhesive polymer layer has a high fraction of linear low density polyethylene.

Abstract: A system and a method for the isolation from the environment of chemically or biologically contaminated objects are disclosed. The method includes inserting a contaminated object into a disposal container and then contacting the object with one or more reactive agents which react to immobilize and protectively encapsulate the object. The use of reactive agents which are members of room temperature reacting polyurethane foam systems is particularly preferred.

Abstract: A bottle used for housing an emergency water ration which is made of high density polyethylene. The material of the bottle is stabilized with UV light. After filling the bottle with water it is sterilized under high pressure conditions in a water bath at a temperature of 120.degree. C. for at least 10 minutes and cooled by means of compressed air. The body of the bottle has a side ratio equal to 1:0.6:0.4 with all sides containing round edges. The bottom surface has a concave configuration. Such a bottle is completely undeformable and may be dropped into the water without damage from a height of 36 m. The water in the bottle has a lifetime longer than 5 years.

Abstract: A method for cooking meat in a bag wherein a cling film is vacuum sealed and shrunk around the meat, said cling film having a cavity for forming the meat. Next, the cling film is surrounded by an outer film which is vacuum sealed and shrunk around the cling film. The outer film has a softening point above the cooking temperature of the meat. The meat is then heated in the bag to the cooking temperature of the meat. It is found that when this invention is employed that there is minimum purge formed in the bagged cooked product.

Abstract: A packaged frozen food product is provided which is housed in a package which includes a first, substantially microwave permeable portion having a first frozen food component housed therein, and a second, microwave reflective portion having a second frozen food component retained therein. The package also includes a void space between the first frozen food component and the second frozen food component. Upon microwave heating, the first frozen food component will be thawed and the second frozen food component will remain substantially frozen.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for continuously manufacturing individually wrapped, single slice, firm bodied meat products formed of a viscous heat settable non-syneresing meat emulsion which contains a heat-settable starch.

Abstract: A stable, post-foaming gel shower product comprising a soap-free, surfactant-based gel composition consisting essentially of a major amount of water, about 3-23% by weight of a water-soluble anionic alkali metal C.sub.10 -C.sub.16 alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, about 1-24% by weight of a water dispersible ethoxylated fatty alcohol or fatty ester, about 2-4% of isopropyl myristate, about 1-10% of a mono- or disaccharide and about 5-20% by weight of a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon foaming agent having 4 to 5 carbon atoms as an integral part of the gel structure, the anionic surfactant and the ethoxylated fatty alcohol or ester being present in a weight ratio of 4:1 to about 1:4.

Abstract: A seal layer for use in large institutional-sized retort pouches comprises an ABA film structure wherein the A layers are each composed of a blend of a minor amount of an elastomer and a major amount of a polyolefin, and the B layer is composed of a blend of a major amount of an elastomer and a minor amount of a polyolefin. Retort pouches made with this ABA film structure as the seal layer exhibits improved impact strength.

Abstract: Multiple layer films and containers. The films have a first layer of either nylon 6,6 or a combination of nylon 6,6 with nylon 6 wherein the melting point temperature of the combination is greater than the melting point temperature of the corresponding nylon 6. A second layer is comprised of linear low density polyethylene, and 0% to 40% low density polyethylene. A third adhesive layer is disposed between the first and second layers. The containers are susceptible of being sealed with included gas at low pressure, and subsequently boiled in water without rupture of the seals. The film is preferably coextruded from tubular die, thereby setting forth a new method for forming a mulitple layer film comprising a combination of linear low density polyethylene, optionally with up to 40% low density polyethylene, and nylon 6,6, optionally combined with nylon 6 in a composition having a melting point temperature greater than that of the corresponding nylon 6.

Abstract: A tubular body provided with a first end wall is filled through the open end thereof and sealed by a second end wall. One of these walls has a hole therethrough closed by a closing means, this wall being initially of generally concave configuration with the closing means disposed entirely inwardly of a plane passing through the rim of the wall. The concave wall is subsequently changed to a generally convex configuration with the closing means disposed at least partially outwardly of the plane.

Abstract: Solid shaped articles, particularly rapidly dissolving pharmaceutical dosage forms, carrying predetermined unit quantities of chemicals are prepared by a novel process involving the addition of the predetermined amount of chemical in a solvent to a placebo article which contains a network of carrier material. The placebo article is prepared by freezing a composition of carrier material in a solvent and subliming the solvent from the frozen composition.

Abstract: An open-topped casting mold and a mating cover are electrostatically coated with a powder screen and casting material is poured into the mold without disturbing the powder by holding the powder in position with static electricity. The casting material is permitted to harden and a screen of powdery or fatty material placed on the upper surface of the hardened material and protective film applied over the screen.

Abstract: A package for an expandable food product and a method for manufacturing the same including an outer container, an expandable food pouch within the container and a coating on the inside surface of the container to adhere the pouch thereto when the package is exposed to a source of heat. A further embodiment of the package includes an expandable food pouch with a designed fault along its peripheral edge to facilitate the controlled release of pressure formed within the pouch.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for the continuous heat treatment and packaging of a liquid product with the object of sterilizing the product, the product being heated for a short time together with, and surrounded by, the packing material wherein it is to be enclosed. The product is introduced into a tube of flexible material whereupon the tube containing the product is introduced between two parallel metal bands, movably synchronously in their longitudinal direction, the tube being received and compressed between the bands so that the tube is transported with the bands at the same time as the cross-sectional area of the tube is reduced and the product is made to flow forward through the compressed tube in a gaplike space. Heat is transmitted to the product with the help of the metal bands while the product present between the metal bands is kept under pressure.

Abstract: A series of syringe bodies with their lower ends closed is filled with a solution of medicine to a predetermined level in the bodies. The syringe bodies are placed in a lyophilizer with the bodies arranged in a predetermined pattern. A plurality of plungers for the syringe bodies is arranged in a corresponding pattern and above the syringe bodies. After the medicine in the syringe bodies is lyophilized in the lyophilizer, a reduced pressure is created in the lyophilizer and the plungers are simultaneously moved into the syringe bodies to a predetermined level above the lyophilized medicine. The pressure within the lyophilizer is then increased to atmospheric and the assembled syringes are removed. Apparatus for implementing the process can include a lower rack having openings for retaining the syringe bodies in the predetermined pattern, and an upper rack seatable on the lower rack for retaining the piston portions of plungers in facing relation to, aligned with, and above the openings of the syringe bodies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a canned aqueous food product contained in a hermetically closed rigid container. According to the invention, the pressure inside of the container as measured at 20.degree. C. has a value between 3,300 and 6,600 pascals and the partial pressure of steam is at least equal to 40% of said pressure. The invention is in particular applicable to the canned food industry.

Abstract: Process for the preparation in a series of self-injectable syringes characterized mainly by the fact that multiple seal tubes are placed vertically on an appropriate support, that a syringe body is placed vertically in each seal tube, that, into each tubular body thus arranged, a single dose of the medication in solution in a solvent is placed in each seal tube, above the syringe body, a plunger suspended by its pusher in a movable manner, at the lower end of a stopper which can adapt to the seal tube, so that said plunger is essentially in the axis of the syringe body and the lower end of said plunger is located above the upper end of the syringe body, with said stopper being held in a position so that said seal tube is not blocked or is not entirely blocked, to thus obtain an assembly constituting an open system in which the internal space, in the seal tubes and above said solution in the syringe bodies, is connected with the outside of the system, that the lyophilization operation is effected and, at this

Abstract: A container or package filled with perishable food materials is closed by a cover presenting a vent hole and the assembly is subjected to sterilization or pasteurization. Thereafter the vent hole is closed by means of a hot melt having a melting point lower than the highest temperature during sterilization or pasteurization. Preferably the hot melt is applied before sterilization or pasteurization and provided with a perforation joining the vent hole. The hot melt may contain a rounded rigid body not melting at the highest sterilization or pasteurization temperature and being able to seal the vent hole, such as a glass bead.After cooling the closed container is under a subatmospheric pressure.The container may be of plastics or glass and the cover may be of plastics or plastic coated metal foil, in such a case the plastic coating has a melting point being higher than the melting point of the hot melt.

Abstract: A container body made of thermoplastic materials, after being filled with a hot liquid, is then sealed by a flat closure disc adhesively contacting a peripheral lip formed around the top of the body. The bottom of the container body is formed with annular grooves to define a diaphragm which flexes inwardly with the closure disc upon cooling of the hot filled liquid to substantially dissipate the high internal vacuum which is formed on the container head space. The bottom of the container body has a reinforced pedestal base formed with stacking ledges to facilitate nesting of empty bodies for shipment and storage.

Abstract: A unitary package for use in the washing and in the conditioning treatment of fabrics in a laundering operation. There is provided a packet in which a multi-layer plug-like laminate is contained in and is bonded within a cup-like water-insoluble and water-impermeable receptacle having an open top. The laminate presents an exposed upper surface to the wash water in the tub of a washing machine. Only after the materials (for example, detergents) in the top layer of the laminate have dissolved and dispersed does the washing water reach to solublize the second layer containing the fabric conditioner (for example, a fabric softener). Thus, the article of the invention ensures the simple and highly reliable manner time-spaced sequential incorporation of two different functional agents into a fabric washing system, even though the agents are added simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention is an end closure structure for a container having a flexible central member (6) with an outwardly dished center section and at least one opening structure (18) in the central member (6), a removable thin flexible closure member (12) disposed over the opening structure (18) which is in a first sealing relationship (32) with a portion of the opening structure (18) and a second sealing relationship (34) with the top surface of the central member (6), an upwardly extending flange member (8) circumferentially disposed from the peripheral edge of the central member (6), and a downwardly extending sealing skirt (10) circumferentially disposed from a top edge of the flange member (8).

Abstract: A treating solution e.g. for forming a damp course in porous walls, is encapsulated in a plastics tube. The filled tube is frozen to produce solid rods of treating solution which, after stripping the jacket, can be inserted in bore holes in a building wall to thaw and be absorbed into the wall. To obtain a frozen rod that is substantially cylindrical over its whole length, the plastics material at each end of the liquid-containing tube is bundled together and clamped to maintain the tube in a substantially cylindrical shape.

Abstract: An improved heating, packaging and sterilization system for pumpable particulate food product (e.g., soups, stews, fruits) is provided which makes use of an upstream pump and an automated packaging chamber maintained at superatmospheric pressure to achieve precise processing control without deleterious overcooking or flashing of the food product. The upstream pump is coupled to the chamber via a constant diameter conduit, and the open delivery end of the latter is in direct communication with the pressurized interior of the packaging chamber; in this way the easily controllable chamber pressure provides back pressure within the product conduit, so that a substantially uniform decreasing pressure gradient and essentially plug product flow are established throughout the length of the conduit from the pump to the chamber. Moreover, the chamber pressure is of sufficient magnitude to prevent flashing throughout the system.

Abstract: Apparatus for packing bulk material including high moisture agricultural products such as grain in plastic bags has a transferring mechanism with a rotating device disposed in a generally upwardly directed plane relative to a support frame for positioning and locating the rotating device to create a rotating wedging action against bulk material within a plastic bag to provide an acceptable level of density both for ensiling of agricultural products and for storage of bulk materials.

Abstract: A method is provided for obtaining an acceptable configuration of a thermally processed container packed with food. Improvement in container configuration is attained by proper container design, by maintaining proper headspace of gases in the container during thermal processing, proper pressure outside the container during the cooking cycle and cooling cycle of the process and/or by controlled reforming of the bottom wall of the container. Further improvements are attained by controlling the thermal history of the empty container, such as by pre-shrinking the container before it is filled with food and sealed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming and packaging, within a suitable container for the dispensing thereof, an unstable product produced by intimately mixing at least first and second ingredients, the resulting unstable product remaining stable following the mixing of the ingredients for a relatively short period of time under normal ambient conditions, the method including the steps of providing streams of the ingredients, intimately mixing the ingredients in a filling head, ejecting the mixture from the filling head into a container, and sealing the container prior to the elapse of the relatively short period of time.

Abstract: A method is provided for obtaining an acceptable configuration of a thermally processed plastic container packed with food. Improvement in container configuration is attained by proper container design and by maintaining proper headspace of gases in the container during thermal processing and/or by controlled reforming of the bottom wall of the container. Further improvements are attained by controlling the thermal history of the empty container, such as by pre-shrinking the container before it is filled with food and sealed.

Abstract: Nozzle structure suitable for bringing heated fluid into contact with a plurality of terminals of a modular electronic component to facilitate attachment of the component to a substrate or removal therefrom. The nozzle structure comprises a conduit forming member engageable with the component and with the substrate to form a heated fluid conduit extending around the periphery of the component, and a heated fluid delivery conduit coupled to the conduit forming member for delivering heated fluid to the heated fluid conduit to effect melting of solder or the like at the terminals of the component.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a method for preparing a novel porous galenic form by lyophilization of an oil-in-water emulsion containing at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient, which comprises the following steps:(a) preparation of the lipid phase by stirring at a temperature lower than or equal to 80.degree. C. so as to mix all the lipid-phase components, the lipid phase thus prepared being in the liquid state;(b) preparation of the aqueous phase, which comprises at least one substance selected from the group consisting of organic fillers and thickening agents, by stirring at a temperature lower than or equal to 80.degree. C. so as to mix the water and the other components of the aqueous phase;(c) preparation of an emulsion under stirring at a temperature within the range of 10.degree. C. to 80.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention provides the combination of a dispenser and a series of incontinent or catamenial pads that are connected by easily severably areas. These pads may be rolled without harmful effects to the pad. The rolled pads that are connected by severably means are suitable for combination with a dispensing container that allows them to be withdrawn a single pad at a time.In a particularly preferred embodiment an incontinent pad having elasticized edges and double baffle is connected in series by severably portions at the ends. The pad is placed into a generally cubical box and withdrawn either from the center of the roll at the top of the box or from the end of the roll at the side of the box. The container is provided with a removable section at either the top or side for the withdrawal of pads.

Abstract: A process for kiln drying firewood comprises splitting essentially uniform lengths of green tree logs to form firewood pieces. The green firewood pieces are placed in a kiln drying oven and dried at temperatures in excess of 150.degree. F. by moving heated air over the pieces until they have an overall moisture content ranging from 15% up to 30% by weight. The firewood pieces are removed for subsequent distribution and use. The kiln dried firewood pieces have an outer layer of a moisture content which is sufficiently low to permit igniting of the firewood with ignited paper or the like without requiring the use of kindling wood.

Abstract: A method for the preparation and packing of food products, in particular fish products of long keeping quality, includes disintegrating and sterilizing the fish and allowing the sterilized fish mass to coagulate under pressure in a forming and filling pipe. An inside cross-section of the filling pipe corresponds to the cross-section of the packing container wherein the product is to be packed. The forming and filling pipe is provided, moreover, with cut-off elements and flaplike shut-off elements to make possible the separation and feeding out of the product from the forming and filling pipe to the packing containers.

Abstract: A method for making a cosmetic pencil having a lead of solvent-based cosmetic composition.The leads are packaged in an airtight container, such as a plastic bag and stored in a freezer at a temperature below approximately 0.degree. for approximately 12 to 168 hours. The leads are then stored at room temperature for at least two hours and unpackaged. Then the leads are encased in grooved slats to form an assembly which is wrapped with airtight wrapping.

Abstract: A method of preparing a cohesive, solid insecticidal bait within a dispensing package for the bait comprises mixing the bait ingredients, inserting the mixture into the dispensing package, subjecting the mixture-containing package to microwave energy, and cooling.

Abstract: A method of sealing a cryogenic tube comprising the steps of inserting the tube into a tubular body made from a heat-shrinkable material and having a length greater than that of the receptacle, heating the tubular body to a temperature sufficiently high to effect shrinkage of the tubular body and compressing the ends of the tubular body to cause the opposite tube walls to melt together to form an envelope completely surrounding the receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a process for filling pharmaceutical products which are highly viscous at room temperature, into hard capsules by admixing to such products a solvent or mixture of solvents in particular amounts, said solvent or solvent mixture having particular evaporation properties, and ejecting the resulting product from a usual filler nozzle under particular conditions, and closing the filled capsule with its cap.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a process for filling pharmaceutical products which contain 10 to 98% by weight of a phospholipide and which are highly viscous at room temperature, into hard capsules by admixing to such products a solvent or mixture of solvents in particular amounts, said solvent or solvent mixture having particular evaporation properties, and ejecting the resulting product from a usual filler nozzle under particular conditions, and closing the filled capsule with its cap.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing a cosmetic composition containing carrageenan, specifically, a toothpaste, wherein microwave radiation, preferably in the 0.8 to 3 gigahertz frequency range, is directed onto the toothpaste so as to raise its temperature to at least the gel-sol transition temperature of the carrageenan, after which the toothpaste is quiescently cooled to room temperature. The use of microwave radiation facilitates an even heating of the toothpaste, so that temperature sensitive components thereof are not adversely affected, and promotes excellent control of temperature regulation. Heating of the dentifrice, with improved thickening and stabilization thereof, is obtainable by passing it through a conduit while directing microwave radiation onto it and then filling it into suitable dispensing containers, or by filling the dentifrice into such containers and then subjecting them to microwave radiation.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing a cosmetic composition containing carrageenan, specifically, a toothpaste, wherein microwave radiation, preferably in the 0.8 to 3 gigahertz frequency range, is directed onto the toothpaste so as to raise its temperature to at least the gel-sol transition temperature of the carrageenan, after which the toothpaste is quiescently cooled to room temperature. The use of microwave radiation facilitates an even heating of the toothpaste, so that temperature sensitive components thereof are not adversely affected, and promotes excellent control of temperature regulation. Heating of the dentifrice, with improved thickening and stabilization thereof, is obtainable by passing it through a conduit while directing microwave radiation onto it and then filling it into suitable dispensing containers, or by filling the dentifrice into such containers and then subjecting them to microwave radiation.

Abstract: Method and box for conditioning products which must be stored under determined temperature conditions, generally different from the conditions of the environment. The method consists in placing within an open, thermally insulated enclosure (1), some removable reserve elements (26 to 30), placing the products within the volume delimited by the reserve elements (26 to 30) inside the enclosure (1), removing the reserve elements (26 to 30), replacing them by heat or cold accumulating elements brought to the required predetermined temperature and having shapes and dimensions similar to those of the reserve elements (26 to 30), and closing the enclosure (1). Application to the conditioning of products sensitive to temperature, especially such as vaccines, serums, etc.

Abstract: In a container for accommodating hot liquid fills, an end closure capable of inward deflection in response to a decrease in internal pressure created by thermal contraction as the liquid fill cools. The closure is formed of conventional metal stock and includes, as formed, a central portion domed to define either a concave configuration or a convex configuration as viewed from the exterior of the container. The domed portion, as a step or steps prior to filling, is predeflected, either once or twice depending upon its initial configuration, to arrive at an outwardly domed configuration preparatory to inward deflection in response to the cooling of the product and for the accommodation of an internally generated vacuum.

Abstract: A biaxially stretched molded bottle is forcibly cooled by having its outer surface contacted with a cooling fluid such as cold water or gas to avoid its deformation by the heat of a liquid poured into the bottole and elution by such heat of any constituent of the material from which it is molded, when the bottle is a molded product of a saturated polyester resin, particularly polyethylene terephthalate, which has poor heat resistance like bottles of other synthetic resins, and is filled with the liquid which is heated to a high temperature for sterilization purpose only when it is filled into such a bottle and which is allowed to return to room temperature or cooled. When the liquid is poured into the bottle through its open neck, the cooling fluid supplied for cooling the bottle is prevented from flowing into the bottle through its open neck and mixing impurities into the liquid in the bottle.

Abstract: A container for containment of bituminous products formed by inner and outer flexible casings in intimate contact. The inner casing is of a material which has a softening temperature which is above that of the bituminous product when loaded into the container but below that of the bituminous product when it is applied in use, usually by spraying. This inner casing material has a viscosity at the application temperature which enables the material when melted with the bituminous product to be applied therewith.The outer casing is made from a material which has strength characteristics which enable it to contain the inner casing and bituminous product during the filling of the container as well as during transportation and storage thereof. The outer casing is impervious to movement therethrough of the contained bituminous product, components or additives thereof and preferably has a softening temperature such that melting does not occur at the application temperature.

Abstract: Margarine or other foodstuff with similar physical properties is warmed to room temperature and placed in a mixing bowl (10). The margarine is blended by stirring with paddles (12). Then, the margarine is mixed until it has a substantially uniform viscosity by a recirculating pump (14), extrusion of the margarine from the recirculating pump through a screen (16), and continued stirring with the paddles. A 15 to 30 second burst of steam is applied into jacket (20) liquifying but not clarifying the margarine contiguous with the edge of the vessel. The recirculating pump draws the liquified margarine from the edge of the mixing bowl and pumps it into the top center of the margarine where it is blended into substantially unheated margarine. The process is repeated until the margarine attains a viscosity in the range of 16,000 to 18,000 centipoise. Once this viscosity range is reached, the margarine is pumped into a holding tank (26).

Abstract: A dry preparation having a foam-like and, respectively, fleece-like structure obtained by freeze-drying consists, apart from thrombin in at least catalytically active amounts, substantially of approx. 10 to 95% by weight of fibrin and approx. 5 to 90% by weight of fibrinogen. For the preparation thereof, fibrin is produced in situ in an aqueous solution containing fibrinogen and thrombin and the resultant reaction mixture is deep-frozen and lyophilized. As further constituents of the dry preparation active substances such as e.g. antibiotics, natural bone material and/or a synthetic, bone-forming substitute, glycoproteins, coagulation-conducive substances and the like and/or fibrinolysis inhibitors come into consideration. The dry preparation is provided mainly for use as a wound toilet material, as a filling material for bone cavities and/or as a supporting material for further active substances.

Abstract: A dual cooling tunnel arrangement for cooling viscous heated fluid foodstuffs in flexible bags. The flexible bags containing the heated fluids are received on pivoted wire carriers which are driven by an endless chain through an upper cooling tunnel in a first direction and returned through a second cooling tunnel in the opposite direction. In each cooling tunnel, a cooling water spray is directed on the bags in the carriers as the carriers are slowly rocked, causing the fluid in each bag to flow to different areas of the bag, altering its shape, to produce enhanced heat transfer rates and a more uniform temperature distribution throughout the fluid during cooling.

Abstract: Perishable goods containing water, especially foodstuffs, are packed aseptically in packages formed from impervious but flexible film and furnished with vents adequate for the escape of vapor during treatment at bake or part-bake temperatures at which goods in the package are pasteurized, the vents remaining open throughout the heating and subsequent cooling thereafter to prevent the package collapsing on the goods. The vents are positioned for security of subsequent closure in a closure seam first made to enclose the goods in the package and are constituted by interruptions in the seam providing a total cross-sectional venting area of more than 2.5 mms.sup.2. The vents are sealed after cooling. The invention is particularly applicable to the packaging of bakers' goods which are baked or part-baked in the package, which is preferably made from laminated polymeric film material.