Abstract: A composition is disclosed comprising a water-insoluble or slightly water-soluble compound and a branched cyclodextrin-carboxylic acid. The branched cyclodextrin-carboxylic acid significantly increases the water-solubility of the compound. Also disclosed is a method of enhancing water-solubility of the compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are a dextrin ester of fatty acids in which dextrin has an average saccharide polymerization degree of 3 to 150, the fatty acids comprise a straight chain fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and at least one fatty acid selected from the group consisting of branched fatty acids having 4 to 26 carbon atoms, unsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and straight chain saturated fatty acids having 6 or less carbon atoms, and the substitution degree of fatty acids per glucose unit is 1.0 to 3.0; and a gelling agent, a composition and a base comprising the ester, the ester being excellent in thixotropic property, moisture retaining property, emulsifiability, adhesion and dispersibility, and therefore suitably used for cosmetics, printing ink, coatings, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of therapy applicable to pathologies that involve loss of integrity of tissue and organ membranes that lead to abnormal permeation of proteinic and other agents and their elimination or penetration of other anatomical functions. Such deficiencies are associated directly or indirectly, for example, with inflammatory diseases, with diabetes and others. The therapeutic method involves administering to the membrane in need of treatment a therapeutic amount of an oligosaccharide, preferably a cyclic oligosaccharide, having up to about 10 sugar units per molecule and having at least 1.4 anionic substituents per sugar unit. The anionic substituents are preferably the residues of strong acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a starch hydrolysate of low polymolecularity index which may be used in particular in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. This process consists essentially in acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of a waxy starch milk and then chromatography on macroporous strong cationic resins of the hydrolysate obtained. The starch hydrolysate is essentially characterized by a polymolecularity index of less than 2.8, a weight-average molecular weight between 5,000 and 22,500 daltons and a number-average molecular weight below 8,000 daltons.

Abstract: Nerve process growth modulation can be achieved using derivatized cyclodextrins. Processes for making sulfated and aminated .beta.-cyclodextrin derivatives are also described in which a compound of the formula R".sub.2 NCH X'.sup.+ X'.sup.- where R.sup.- is an alkyl containing 1-5 carbon atoms and X is selected from bromine and iodine is used to halogenate the cydodextrin.

Abstract: A process for the purification of water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives utilizes a reverse osmosis (RO) using at least one hydrophilic, asymmetric solution-diffusion membrane with a nominal molecular weight cut-off of 200-800 D.

Abstract: The invention relates to derivatives of cyclodextrins, their preparation and their use for incorporating hydrophobic molecules into organized surfactant systems. These derivatives of cyclodextrins are in accordance with the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents a group protecting an amine function, the R.sup.2, which can be the same or different, represent OH or NH--CH.sub.2 m--NHR.sup.1,m being an integer from 2 to 18 and n is equal to 5, 6 or 7.

Abstract: Cholesterol in low density lipoproteins can be measured specifically and precisely by optically measuring a reaction product of a living sample with cholesterol oxidase or cholesterol dehydrogenase in the presence of an amphoteric surfactant. In addition to the above processes for measurement, the present invention provides reagent compositions and kits for measuring cholesterol in low density lipoprotein.

Abstract: A method for production of toxin-binding, non-toxic, modified, biopolymers and the use thereof for the treatment of septic shock, infections and toxic states and to the use of them as carriers for transportation of biologically or therapeutically important materials (enzymes or drugs) into phagocytes or cells bearing Fc and complement receptors and as a natural source of energy for cells. The toxin binding, non-toxic structurally modified biopolymers are prepared by the reaction of polysaccharides containing alpha 1,4 or 1,6 linkages with glucose-1-phosphate catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase enzyme in a buffer solution at pH 6.8-7.4 at a temperature of 20.degree.-30.degree. C. and by the separation of the obtained biopolymers in a well-known manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of natural cyclodextrins and their derivatives for the solubilization of platelet anti-aggregating agents from the family of Ginkgolides.The cyclodextrins used comply with the formula: ##STR1## in which n is equal to 6, 7 or 8 and the R.sup.1, which can be the same or different, represent OH or SR.sup.2 with R.sup.2 representing a group derived from a monosaccharide or an oligosaccharide.The Ginkgolide is preferably Ginkgolide B.

Abstract: High solids maltodextrin syrups, some of which are useful as the base for remoistenable adhesives, are prepared by a high solids alpha amylase enzyme conversion process. They are characterized by their high solids content (at least 55 wt. %) and light color. A granular chemically derivatized, optionally converted, starch having a degree of substitution of greater than about 0.01 and less than about 0.5 is used as the starting material. The maltodextrins have a reducing sugar content of about 5-19 dextrose equivalent and a distinct polymodal molecular weight distribution. When a granular highly esterified starch (D.S. of 0.5-1.8) is used as the starting material in the high solids process, the resulting enzyme-converted, esterified maltodextrins are characterized by their improved water dispersibility.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted derivatives of per(3,6-anhydro)cyclodextrins, their preparation process and their use for the separation of ions.These derivatives comply with one of the formulas: ##STR1## in which the R.sup.1, which can be the same or different, represent H, a halogen, OH, OR.sub.2, OM, SH, SR.sup.2, OCOR.sup.2, NH.sub.2, NR.sup.2 R.sup.3, CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3, CONH.sub.2, CN, COOR.sup.2, COOH, OSO.sub.2 R.sup.2, N.sub.3 or R.sup.2, and n=5, 6 or 7, provided that all the R.sup.1 do not represent OH.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isothiocyanated cyclodextrin derivative which can label various kinds of organic compounds containing an amino group as their functional group. In some embodiments, the derivative can be a cyclodextrin derivative in which at least one primary hydroxyl group is substituted by an isothiocyanato group and expressed by the compound expressed by formula (I), ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 5 to 7.

Abstract: Novel non-reducing oligosaccharide having a structure represented by the formula of alpha-D-oligoglucosyl alpha-D-oligoglucoside is obtained by exposing either an aqueous solution which contains trehalose and an alpha-glucosyl saccharide or an aqueous solution which contains a non-reducing saccharide bearing a trehalose structure at its end to a saccharide-transferring enzyme. The oligosaccharide has a reduced sweetness, superior stability, appropriate viscosity and less or no susceptibility to crystallization or superior solubility when in crystalline form. These features make the oligosaccharide very useful in various compositions including foods, beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and shaped bodies.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for preventing or substantially inhibiting the hemolytic activity of hemolysis inducing agents. The methods and compositions are based on the use of an anionic oligosaccharide, such as polysulfated cyclodextrin, to achieve the desired reduction in hemolytic active inducing agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polymers derivatized with at least one --NO.sub.X group per 1200 atomic mass unit of the polymer. X is one or two. In one embodiment, the polymer is an S-nitrosylated polymer and is prepared by reacting a polythiolated polymer with a nitrosylating agent under conditions suitable for nitrosylating free thiol groups. The polymers of the present invention can be used to coat medical devices to deliver nitric oxide in vivo to treatment sites.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel branched cyclodextrins having any of an N-acetylglucosamine group, a glucosaminyl group, an N-acetylgalactosaminyl group and a galactosaminyl group as bonded to the hydroxyl group of the cyclodextrin ring by .beta.-bonding therebetween, and their salts. The novel branched cyclodextrins are produced by reacting a solution containing a cyclodextrin and an N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine with an N-acetylhexosaminidase, and optionally deacetylating the resulting product.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of mono-3,6-anhydrocyclodextrins for solubilizing a hydrophobic compound and for controlling the purity of an enantiomer.The mono-3,6-anhydrocyclodextrin complies with the following formula: ##STR1## in which n is equal to 5, 6 or 7. Preferably n is equal to 6. The hydrophobic compound can be a steroid such as prednisolone.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel cyclodextrin derivatives according to formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents OH or NH(CH.sub.2).sub.p OH, n is equal to 5, 6 or 7 and p is an integer from 2 to 6, it being possible for the p to be different when one or more of the R.sup.1 represent NH(CH.sub.2).sub.p OH.These derivatives can be used for solubilizing hydrophobic chemical compounds such as active principles in an aqueous medium by the formation of inclusion complexes therewith.

Abstract: The present invention provides polyanionic, substituted CDs having cellular growth modulating activity. The invention further provides CDs having anionic groups on one side of the CD molecule. Therapeutic methods for using, as well as methods of making the CD compounds of the invention, are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the recovery of organic compounds from fibrous plant materials. Organic compounds which can be recovered from the fibrous plant materials include plant metabolites, such as arabinogalactan and phenols, which can be isolated from the wood, for example, of the Western Larch and Tamarack tree varieties. In addition to the recovery of organic compounds from wood, fibrous wood products also may be isolated, in the form of a clean fiber that can be used, for example, as raw material in wood processing applications or in the manufacture of high quality paper products. In one embodiment, a fibrous plant material first is compressed, to recover a liquid exudate and a first pressed plant fiber product. Optionally, the fibrous plant material, such as wood particles, is compressed in the substantial absence of any added solvent, to produce a pure normal liquid exudate and a first pressed plant product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel pulverulent hydroxypropyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin compound having a centered particle size free of fine particles and an appreciably improved capacity to dissolve in aqueous medium. The compound also has good flowability and has the advantage of being compressible. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of this pulverulent hydroxypropyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are specifically designed binding, "protein imaged" sorbents which reversibly bind with high specificity and affinity a preselected macromolecule, specifically a protein. The sorbents define one or more cavities which have a binding surface complementary in shape to the molecular surface of the macromolecule and a plurality of positively and negatively charged chemical moieties spatially distributed in a mirror image and charge inverse of a subset of the ionizable groups on the molecular surface of the macromolecule. Also disclosed are methods of producing such sorbents, useful over a range of conditions, for both preparative and analytical chromatographic separations or for use in various types of analyses.

Abstract: A steam-stripping process suitable for the removal of impurities from polysaccharides, including soluble starch hydrolysates, is disclosed herein. This process may be used in combination with other purification processes, such as ultrafiltration, ion exchange, treatment with activated carbon, as well as bleaching process. Soluble starch hydrolysates may also be purified by a combination of ultrafiltration or activated carbon treatment and bleaching. In these processes, the polysaccharide or the soluble starch hydrolysate produced is bland in flavor, free of off-odor, optionally, lighter or white in color and suitable for use in systems requiring these characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-soluble, haemolytically inactive dextran fatty carboxylate with amphiphilic properties made from a dextran with an average molecular weight of 5,000 to 100,000 and a C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 fatty acid, preferably a C.sub.12 fatty acid, wherein the average degree of substitution is between 0.005 and 0.15 and is adjusted, depending on the average molecular weight of the dextran fatty carboxylate and the chain-length of the fatty acid used, in such a way that the dextran fatty carboxylate is soluble in water at room temperature, a process for its preparation and pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations which contain it as solubilizer.

Abstract: Inclusion complexes of nimesulide alkali and alkaline earth salts with cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives are disclosed. Compositions containing the inclusion complexes, processes for the preparation of the complexes as well as methods to use the same as pharmaceuticals are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel fluorine-containing cyclic saccharide compounds, in particular fluorocyclodextrin compounds, and drug inclusion complexes of these compounds, as well as methods for preparation of the novel fluorine-containing cyclic saccharide compounds, including fluorocyclodextrins, and drug inclusion complexes of the compounds. In addition, methods for following the disposition and fate in vivo of drug inclusion complexes of the invention.

Abstract: A new cation exchange resin is formed by mixing phytic acid with a material selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxy polymer, .beta.-cyclodextrin and gluconic acid, and heating the mixture for about 130.degree.-180.degree. C. for about 15 minutes to 3 hours. A large number of different materials may be removed from solution by the resin including inorganic cations, organic pesticides and nitrogen bases.

Abstract: The invention relates to viscous liquid compositions of xylitol which are noncrystallizable or which exhibit retarded crystallization, characterized by the fact that they contain:from 51% to 80% of xylitol,from 0.1% to 44% of D-arabitol,from 5% to 48.9% of non-reducing oligomers or polymers of glucose, these percentages being expressed on the dried basis for the compositions. It also relates to a process for producing these compositions. These compositions can be used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and confectionery industry.

Abstract: Reactive cyclodextrin derivatives have at least one nitrogen-containing heterocycle. The reactive cyclodextrin derivatives include at least one nitrogen-containing heterocycle having at least one electrophilic center.

Abstract: The invention deals with porous aggregates and a process for making same. The aggregates generally comprise discrete particles which are bound together, the aggregates having intra-aggregate volumes which may contain drug substances or other functional substances.

Abstract: A process in which .alpha.-, .beta.- and/or .gamma.-cyclodextrin are reacted in a suitable base, with a suitable O-alkylating agent and, where appropriate, following neutralization of the reaction mixture, the resulting alkylated cyclodextrin derivatives are subsequently separated, out of the reaction mixture, wherein .alpha.-, .beta.- and/or .gamma.-cyclodextrin are initially dissolved in a portion of the base and the O-alkylation agent and further base are added subsequently.

Abstract: The present invention is a saccharide-based matrix, and the products resulting therefrom, made from a maltodextrin feedstock subjected to conditions which induce flash flow of the maltodextrin so that the matrix possesses a physically or chemically altered structure from the feedstock. The present invention also includes a method of producing the matrix and of making products which take advantage of the unique properties of the matrix.

Abstract: New inclusion complexes which are stable in their so-lid state formed of SIN-1A and cyclodextrins or cyclodextrin derivatives and optionally also containing ions as catalyst or stabilizer. The complexes release nitric oxide at room temperature upon dissolving in water or aqueous systems. The ions are preferably carboxylic acid anions such as acetate, formiate, propionate, ascorbinate, tartarate and/or lactate and/or inorganic acid anions such as phosphate, phosphite, borate, carbonate, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, sulfite and/or cations such as alkali and/or ammonium.Pharmaceutical compositions as well as kits containing the complexes. The kits are to be used as NO-liberating standards to release NO in a predictable amount and rate on dissolving in aqueous media.

Abstract: A process for improving the mutual compatibility of natural and/or synthetic polymers by the use of cyclodextrin in the polymer mixture, wherein the cyclodextrin represents in particular from about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of the polymer mixture, wherein the polymer mixture includes a starch, in particular a plasticized starch and a synthetic polymer selected in the group consisting of a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polystyrene, a polyvinyl chloride, a polyvinyl alcohol, and a poly(.epsilon.-caprolactone), wherein the cyclodextrin is provided in the form of a composition containing one of the constituent polymers of the mixture (for example starch), a plasticizer (for example a polyol), a nucleation agent and/or a standard compatibilizing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerisable derivatives of carbohydrates comprising a compound of formula (I)R.sup.1 --(COO--Alk).sub.m -(OCONH--R).sub.n -(NHCO).sub.p Y--Z (I)whereinR.sup.1 is a radically polymerisable hydrocarbon group; m, n and p are 0 or 1; Alk is alkylene having up to 10 carbon atoms; R is a diradical, having up to 20 carbon atoms, of an organic diisocyanate; Z is a monovalent radical, minus a single hydroxy group, of a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide, of an oligosaccharide, of a cyclodextrin (CD) or of an anhydrosaccharide; and Y is --O-- or --NH--; with the proviso that when p is zero, m and n are also zero and Y is --NH--; to homopolymers, copolymers, block copolymers, graft copolymers and polymeric networks thereof, to moulded articles, for example contact lenses or biomedicinal articles, comprising the mentioned polymers, as well as to processes for the preparation of the mentioned polymers and articles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition including an oligonucleotide complexed with a cyclodextrin. The oligonucleotide may be noncovalently associated with the cyclodextrin. Alternatively, the oligonucleotide may be covalently complexed with adamantane which is noncovalently associated with the cyclodextrin. Also disclosed are methods of enhancing the cellular uptake and intracellular concentration of oligonucleotides, methods of increasing the solubility of an oligonucleotide in a cell, and methods of treating a cell for viral infection or to prevent viral infection.

Abstract: Prostaglandin E, ester derivatives of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is (i) --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O--CO--R.sup.1(ii) --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O--CO--CH.sub.2 --O--R.sup.2, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is C10-20 alkyl;and cyclodextrin clathrates thereof, liposome formulations containing them, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them as active ingredient.The compounds of formula (I) have the effect of increasing blood flow and are useful for the prevention and/or treatment of peripheral circulatory disorder, decubitus, or skin ulcers, or for the maintenance of blood flow.

Abstract: By controlling basicity of the reaction, it is possible to alkylate preferentially the secondary hydroxyls of cyclodextrins. These hydroxyls surround the principal, wide, entry into the cyclodextrin cavity and, thus, their substitution by suitably chosen substituents can improve the formation of inclusion complexes. By methods of the invention, cyclodextrin derivatives substituted with fused 1,4-dioxane ring(s) can be obtained. If a reagent with one alkylating moiety is used, a mixture of ethers of cyclodextrin is formed. Using methods of this invention, up to 96% of the substitution can be directed to the secondary hydroxyls.

Abstract: A porous aggregate having a high intraaggregate reticular volume for releasable containment of functional substances is described. The porous aggregates comprise discrete particles, preferably starch granules, bound together at least at their points of contact in the aggregates. The surfaces of the discrete particles cooperate to define an intraaggregate reticulate volume. The porous aggregate composition of this invention finds use as a high capacity carrier of functional substances for a wide variety of applications, in which the functional substance is released from the aggregate composition under the influence of mechanical compression/disintegration, by degradation or dissolution of the binder and/or particulate components, or by diffusion from the porous surface.

Abstract: An effective amount of active/cyclodextrin complex, in the form of particles having particle sizes below about 12 microns, is incorporated into solid consumer product compositions. The complexes provide fast release of the active when they are wetted even when the amount of water available to effect release of the active is limited as in personal use compositions like drugs, foods, and cosmetics where active release is typically effected by body fluids. Preferred actives include perfumes, flavors, and pharmaceutical materials that are used by consumers.

Abstract: Polyionic derivatives of cyclodextrins and methods for preparing these derivatives are provided in which a polyionic derivative of cyclodextrin is combined with a growth factor, preferably a heparin binding growth factor. These compositions are of low solubility and are applied directly to the location of a wound. By virtue of the low solubility, the compositions remain in place at the site of application and slowly release growth factor. In an alternative embodiment, the cyclodextrin derivatives are administered in the absence of growth factor and are used to absorb growth factor present in the body at the location of the wound in order to prevent overstimulation of the wound response.

Abstract: A method for purifying non-branched beta cyclodextrin from aqueous solutions is disclosed. The process entails a plurality of independent crystallization steps.

Abstract: Acylated cyclodextrins of the formula I: ##STR1## where R denotes hydrogen or R1, and R1 is identical or different and denotes acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, 2-alkoxyacetyl, 2-chloroacetyl, 2-fluoroacetyl, 2-N-acetylaminoacetyl, methacryloyl or acryloyl, and the DS for R1, measured by means of .sup.1 H NMR spectroscopy, is between 0.3 and 2.0.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the solubilization and/or complexation of a drug which is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water with cyclodextrin, comprising combining the drug with cyclodextrin together with a selected hydroxy-carboxylic or polycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Chemically bonded bodies comprising a support and a cyclic oligosaccharide derivative, at least one of the 2-, 3- and 6-position hydroxyl groups of which is chemically bonded to the support through a spacer (with the proviso that those wherein the 6-position hydroxyl group is bonded to a support through an ether linkage are excepted). A separating agent or a separating apparatus comprising such a chemically bonded body is extremely useful as a functional material for optical resolution.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods effective for inhibiting restenosis. In particular, the present invention provides compositions for inhibiting undesired smooth muscle cell growth or proliferation following angioplasty in mammals, said composition comprising active agents comprising a very water-soluble derivative of cyclodextrin. The invention also provides methods of inhibiting undesired smooth muscle cell growth or proliferation following angioplasty in mammals comprising orally administering to the mammal a growth-inhibiting amount of an active agent comprising a very water-soluble derivative of cyclodextrin.

Abstract: A novel carboxylic acid compound having a condensed ring, which is represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutical composition thereof and pharmaceutical use thereof. The novel carboxylic acid compound having a condensed ring and pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention have superior GPIIb/IIIa antagonism in mammals inclusive of human; can be administered orally; have long life in blood and low toxicity; and show less side-effects. Accordingly, they are extremely useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic diseases and other diseases.

Abstract: Partially acylated cyclodextrins of the formula I ##STR1## where R denotes hydrogen or R1, wherein R1 can be identical or different and denotes acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, 2-alkoxyacetyl, 2-chloroacetyl, 2-fluoroacetyl, 2-N-acetylaminoacetyl, methacryloyl or acryloyl, and the DS for R1, measured by means of .sup.1 H NMR spectroscopy, is between 0.30 and 1.20; and a process for preparing partially acylated .beta.-cyclodextrins and also a process for their use.

Abstract: Mono (6-amino-6-deoxy)cyclodextrin derivatives substituted in the 6-position by an .alpha.-amino acid residue. These derivatives correspond to the following general formula: ##STR1## in which: CD represents .alpha.-, .beta.- or .gamma.-cyclodextrin,n is 0 or 1, andZ represents a divalent radical chosen from:(i) --CH.sub.2(ii) --O--CH.sub.2--(iii) --S--CH.sub.2 --, ##STR2## and (v) --O--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CH.sub.2 --.These derivatives find an application in the formation of inclusion complexes of active substances and can be used in various fields, in particular in cosmetics, in dermatology and in pharmacology.