Abstract: This invention relates to novel carbohydrate polymers with hydrophobic and hydrophilic side-groups suitable for solubilising, for example, hydrophobic drugs. The chain length of the carbohydrate polymeric backbone, and the type and number of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic side-groups are specifically chosen to improve the solubility properties of the carbohydrate polymers.

Abstract: A composition and a method of treating a subject with respect to a pathological condition comprised by the subject. The composition comprises a sulfated saccharide conjugated to a polymer. The method comprises administering to the subject a composition comprising a sulfated saccharide conjugated to a polymer or a sulfated saccharide. The sulfated saccharide has a molecular weight less than 5000 Dalton.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: and compositions containing one or more such compounds, the compositions preferably being suitable for topical application to the skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising glucosamine salts or derivatives for rapid enhancement of at least one of mental performance and physical performance of a subject. The composition enhances the mental performance and physical performance by reducing at least one kind of cellular stress effects in the body of the subject. In one embodiment mental performance is enhanced by improving memory recall of the subject. The composition according to an embodiment of the present invention is an ingestion product.

Abstract: An asparagine-linked disialoundecaoligosaccharide-fatty acid amide, a drug containing the same, and a drug containing an asparagine-linked disialoundecaoligosaccharide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of sulphated glycosaminoglycans derived from N— acetylheparosan which comprises: a) N-deacetylation and N-sulphation of the N-acetylheparosan polysaccharide prepared from natural or recombinant bacterial strain, preferably K5 E. coli, b) enzymatic epimerization with the glucuronyl C5-epimerase enzyme, c) partial O-sulphation followed by a partial O-desulphation, d) partial 6-O-sulphation, e) N-sulphation and an intermediate step of controlled depolimerization characterised by the fact that both O-sulphations (O-sulphation and 6O-sulphation) are partial. Furthermore the invention relates to the products obtained according to the process which show a ratio between the anti-Xa activity and anti-IIa activity equal to or higher than 1 and to compositions comprising said products in combination with suitable and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or diluent.

Abstract: A stabilized glucosamine base composition comprising a glucosamine base having a purity level of at least 99.0 wt. % and a maximum halide content of about 0.01 wt. % coated with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable polymer comprising a water-soluble, water-immiscible and/or water-swellable homopolymer and/or copolymer. The resultant coated glucosamine base composition will be stable at ambient temperatures and upon exposure to the atmosphere. Suitable polymers include carboxypolymethylene homopolymers and copolymers; polyethylene glycol homopolymers and copolymers; polypropylene glycol homopolymers and copolymers; ethylcellulose; povidone homopolymers and copolymers; polyacrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers; polyacrylamide homopolymers and copolymers; polysaccharides; and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to percarboxylated polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of gellan, carboxymethylcellulose, pectic acid, pectin and hyaluronic acid derivatives; the process for their preparation and their use in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, surgical and healthcare fields.

Abstract: The present invention features a chemoselective ligation reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the invention involves condensation of a specifically engineered phosphine, which can provide for formation of an amide bond between the two reactive partners resulting in a final product comprising a phosphine moiety, or which can be engineered to comprise a cleavable linker so that a substituent of the phosphine is transferred to the azide, releasing an oxidized phosphine byproduct and producing a native amide bond in the final product. The selectivity of the reaction and its compatibility with aqueous environments provides for its application in vivo (e.g. on the cell surface or intracellularly) and in vitro (e.g., synthesis of peptides and other polymers, production of modified (e.g., labeled) amino acids).

Abstract: A complex of glucosamine having a purity of at least about 99 wt. % and a maximum halide content of about 0.01 wt. %, and a therapeutic drug having a pKa of less than 7. Preferably, the complex is stabilized by coating it with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable polymer comprising a water-soluble, water-immiscible and/or water-swellable homopolymer and/or copolymer. Suitable polymers include carboxypolymethylene homopolymers and copolymers; polyethylene glycol homopolymers and copolymers, povidone homopolymers and copolymers; polyacrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers; polyacrylamide homopolymers and copolymers; polysaccharides; and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing polymers. The resultant coated complex will be stable upon exposure to ambient temperature and/or the atmosphere.

Abstract: An outer layer having an entanglement comprising an intermingling of cloaked hydrophilic guest and a hydrophobic polymer host, wherein molecules of the guest have been crosslinked with each other. Under certain circumstances, using complexes of the guest may be desirable or even necessary. The intermingling of the guest and host includes a physical tangling, whether it also comprises crosslinking by primary bonding (e.g., chemical/covalent bonding) there-between. Also a method of producing an outer layer having such an entanglement, including the steps of: temporarily cloaking at least a portion of the hydrophilic groups of the guest; intermingling at least a portion of the cloaked groups with a porous polymeric structure by diffusing the guest with cloaked groups into at least a portion of the structure's pores; within the pores, crosslinking at least a portion of the molecules of the guest with the guest; and removing the cloaking. Cloaking may be performed by silylation or acylation.

Abstract: A method of treating a warm-blood vertebrate. The vertebrate may be a human being or a lower animal. The treatment method involves administering to the vertebrate in need of such treatment a pharmaceutically effective amount of a complex of halide-free glucosamine and a therapeutic drug having a pKa of less than 7. Preferably, the complex is stabilized by coating it with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable polymer comprising a water-soluble, water-immiscible and/or water-swellable homopolymer and/or copolymer. Suitable polymers include carboxypolymethylene homopolymers and copolymers; polyethylene glycol homopolymers and copolymers, povidone homopolymers and copolymers, polyacrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers; polyacrylamide homopolymers and copolymers; polysaccharides; and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing polymers. The resultant polymer-coated complex will be stable upon exposure to ambient temperature and/or the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention is a minimally invasive clinical method for closing hernias and other abnormal openings existing within the body; and is a unique alternative to conventional surgery and routine surgical techniques for correcting such medical defects. The clinical applications for the present methodology can be used for the in-vivo closure of small sized lumens and voids which naturally occur and exist internally within the soft connective tissue and organs of the living human body; can be employed to advantage for the closure of hernias generally; and is focused upon the closure of umbilical hernias specifically.

Abstract: Polymers comprising glucosamine (GlcN) are used to make medical devices. Examples include polyGlcN and carrier molecules containing multiple GlcN residues.

Abstract: Provided herein are small molecule stimulators of neuronal growth, their preparation, and their use for treatment of neurological disorders. In one embodiment, provided herein are methods of treatment, prevention, or amelioration of a variety of medical conditions associated with neurological disorders using the compounds and compositions provided herein.

Abstract: A branched hyaluronic acid, wherein the linear backbone comprises hyaluronic acid in which one or more N-Acetyl-Glucosamine has been deacetylated to Glucosamine, with branching sidechain(s) covalently linked to the primary amine(s) of said deacetylated Glucosamine thus forming a secondary amine(s); a precursor for producing said branched hyaluronic acid; and a method for producing said branching hyaluronic acid

Abstract: A glucosamine base having a pure level of at least about 99.0 wt. % and a maximum halide content of 0.01 wt. %. The pure glucosamine base is prepared by reacting a glucosamine halide, e.g., glucosamine hydrochloride, with a lithium base in the presence of a C1-C4 alcohol to thereby generate a C1-C4 alcohol solution of a lithium halide and an insoluble halide-free glucosamine base and thereafter separating the insoluble halide-free glucosamine base from the C1-C4 alcohol solution of the lithium halide. Preferably, the lithium base comprises anhydrous lithium hydroxide and the preferable alcohol comprises methanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic compounds that are active on plants, especially as legume nodulation factors, and also as plant growth stimulators, and to methods for preparing such compounds, which are of formula (I):

Abstract: The present invention relates to the CGlc compound for inhibiting the expression and activation of MMP-9 in HT1080 and the MMP-9 inhibitor comprising the CGlc compound as an effective ingredient, which can inhibits the expression of AP-1 in Ht1080 to effectively inhibit the expression and activation of MMP-9 such that it is effectuated in treating a wound, metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, hyperparathyroidism, diabetes, cornel ulcer, osteoporosis, stomach ulcer, trauma, pimple, burn, periodontal disease, arteriosclerosis or fracture.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel lactosamine derivatives and related methods suitable for the preparation, including large-scale production, of N-acetyllactosamine, lactosamine, numerous lactosamine salts and a number of lactosamine-containing oligosaccharides. Preferred compounds are: (I) wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted acyl and optionally substituted alkyloxy-carbonyl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted benzyl, optionally substituted benzhydryl, optionally substituted trityl, and optionally substituted naphthylmethyl (or R2 is hydrogen in the formula to the left); R3 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-5-alkyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted C2-6-acyl, and hydrogen; and Q1 and Q2 are independently selected from the group consisting of electron withdrawing substituents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the method for tagging of carbohydrates with active methylene compound. Particularly, it relates to the method for tagging of carbohydrates with active methylene compound comprising the step of preparing carbohydrate conjugate in which carbohydrate and methylene compound are combined by mixing carbohydrate mixture and methylene compound under aqueous polar aprotic solvent containing amine base catalyst. The tagging method of the present invention does not need many kinds of chemical reagent and the reactions can be taken even in the presence of certain amount of impurities. So, it can be used for the analysis of oligosaccharide present in the various kinds of samples.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a drug delivery system consisting of hyaluronic acid and a therapeutic active agent.

Abstract: Preparation of synthetic monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides and pentasaccharides for use in the preparation of synthetic heparinoids.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a method by which sugar chains having GlcNAc transferred by GnT-V can be accurately detected, screened and purified. In this detection method, two kinds of lectins differing in detailed GlcNAc-specificity are used together. As shown in FIG. 1(I), for example, a sample containing sugar chains having GlcNAc transferred by GnT-V is screened by using a lectin GSL-II, which recognizes sugar chains having GlcNAc transferred by GnT-V, and then the screened sample is screened again by using another lectin BLL, which does not recognizes sugar chains having GlcNAc transferred by GnT-V, to thereby detect, screen and purify the sugar chains having GlcNAc transferred by GnT-V alone.

Abstract: Adenoviral infections and in particular ocular adenoviral infections, e.g. keratoconjunctivitis, can be treated or alleviated by the administration of a substance, interfering with the interaction between the virus and the sialic acid receptor, in a therapeutically effective amount.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a means for durably exerting an action of enhancing collagen-production, and the object is attained by providing a collagen-production enhancer which contains, as an effective ingredient, ?,?-trehalose and/or a saccharide derivative thereof, and by a composition incorporated with the collagen-production enhancer to be used for such purpose.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production by microbiological process of oligopolysaccharides of biological interest. More particularly, the invention concerns a method for synthesizing in vivo oligopolysaccharides by internalization of an exogenous precursor in growing bacterial cells expressing adequate modifying and glycosylating genes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives, in particular multiple, e.g. double cross-linked hyaluronic acid derivatives. The invention also provides novel cross-linked HA derivatives, products containing them and their uses in medical and pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: A method for preparing n-acetylglucosamine starting from glucosamine base having a purity level of at least about 99 wt. % and a maximum halide content of about 0.01 wt %. The glucosamine base is slurried in a diluent comprising a C1-C4 straight or branched-chain alcohol, e.g., isopropyl alcohol, sec. butyl alcohol, tert. butyl alcohol, etc. Thereafter, an acylating agent, e.g., acetic anhydride, present in at least a stoichiometric amount, is slowly added to the slurry while maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature below about 20° C. The n-acetylglucosamine prepared by the process of the invention will be quite pure, e.g., it will have a purity of at least 98%, as measured by HPLC, a melting point in the range of 196-205° C. and a specific rotation, measured at room temperature after standing in water for several hours, of [?]D=39-43°.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of beta linked low molecular weight polymers of galactosamine and glucosamine has been developed. Through the use of high amounts of activating agents, efficient coupling of stable monomers is achieved. Using this process, chain extension is through the addition of single monomers, providing populations of single chain length polyhexosamines.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a transglutaminase inhibitor comprising glucosamine or a derivative thereof. Exhibiting potent inhibitory activity against transglutaminase, the overexpression of which is responsible for the etiology of various diseases, glucosamine or derivatives thereof can be useful in the prevention and treatment of such diseases. Also, a pharmaceutical composition comprising glucosamine or a derivative thereof as an active ingredient and a method of inhibiting transglutaminase are disclosed. Featuring the use of the pharmaceutical composition, the method can be therapeutically safely and effectively-applied to patients afflicted with such diseases.

Abstract: The N-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase protein of the present invention is characterized by transferring N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine with ?1,3 linkage, and it preferably has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4. The canceration assay according to the present invention uses a nucleic acid for measurement which hybridizes under stringent conditions to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 or a nucleotide sequence complementary to at least one of them.

Abstract: Method for preparing a compound comprising protonated glucosamine and Cl?, Na+ and SO42? ions, in which (a) glucosamine hydrochloride and a stoichiometric excess of sodium sulphate are placed in water, (b) the mixture obtained from the preceding step (a) is heated, (c) the mixture is cooled, and (d) the solid present in the said cooled mixture is recovered by filtration. Compound comprising protonated glucosamine and Cl?, Na+ and SO42? ions and having the X-ray diffraction diagram of FIG. 1.

Abstract: A method of treating a mammal for a purpose selected from the group consisting of (a) increasing bone mineral density (BMD), (b) treating low BMD, (c) preventing and treatment of low impact fractures, (d) treatment of high impact fractures; (e) treating osteoporosis; (f) modulating a growth factor that influences bone metabolism; and (g) improving bone micro-architecture or connectivity of bone; the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a N-acylated-2-glucosamine derivative of the general formula (I): wherein R is an alkyl radical of the general formula CnH2n+1 and n is selected from 2-12; or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, esters and glucosides thereof; or pharmaceutically-acceptable compositions thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for generating glucosamine from plants wherein fresh plant materials, or re-hydrated dried plant materials or plant extracts, are heated at a temperature comprised between 70 and 110° C. for more than hours, characterized in that a fertilizer acting as glucosamine precursor is added during the cultivation of the plants, before the harvest.

Abstract: Novel biomaterials are disclosed having unique properties that make it a useful material in adhesives, local drug delivery applications and as filler or bulking material. The biomaterials are strong, safe and easily used as a surgical adhesive. Treated chitosan, modified chitosan or modified and treated chitosan compositions are disclosed displaying strengths suitable for general surgical applications. The materials can be used as a drug delivery vehicle which allows for the localization of the delivered drug as well as a programmable tether which allows for the release of the drug on a timed basis or in response to a physiological state such as the release of proteolytic enzymes. The materials of this invention can also be modified and treated to optimize the retention of water, thereby serving as a useful filler or bulking material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for generating glucosamine from plants wherein fresh plant materials, or re-hydrated dried plant materials or plant extracts, are heated at a temperature comprised between 70 and 110° C. for more than 10 hours, characterized in that a glucosamine precursor is added to said plant materials, rehydrated plant materials or plant extracts.

Abstract: A more efficient method for producing glucosamine from microbial biomass such as, for example, fungal biomass is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for obtaining glucosamine from fungal biomass includes providing fungal biomass containing chitin, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, or mushroom. The fungal biomass is then reacted in an acidic solution with an acid concentration of greater than about 20% by weight and at a reaction temperature greater than about 60° C. to convert the chitin to glucosamine. This reaction is performed for a period of less than 4 hours. The glucosamine is then separated from the acidic solution. In selected embodiments, dried fungal biomass is used to accelerate the reaction. This dried fungal biomass may, in some embodiments, have a moisture content of less than about 20% and in some cases less than about 13%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to An N-acetylglucosamine derivative represented by the following formula (1), and a hyaluronic acid production promoting agent containing the same and a skin external preparation containing the same: wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms; R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen atoms or acyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms and may be all the same or different from others; the steric structure at position 1 may be ? or ?; provided that R1, R2, R3, and R4 must not be all hydrogen atoms. It is intended to provide an easily available hyaluronic acid production promoting agent and a skin external preparation whereby the production of hyaluronic acid can be promoted in the skin and thus the skin can be maintained in a vital and moist state so that it is expected that the human skin can be prevented from age.

Abstract: Glucosamine phosphate having a purity of at least about 99 wt. %, and a maximum halide content of about 0.01 wt. %. Preferably, the glucosamine phosphate is stabilized by coating it with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable polymer comprising a water-soluble, water-immiscible and/or water-swellable homopolymer and/or copolymer. Suitable polymers include carboxypolymethylene hompolymers and copolymers; polyethylene glycol homopolymers and copolymers; polypropylene glycol homopolymers and copolymers; ethylcellulose; povidone homopolymers and copolymers; polyacrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers; polyacrylamide homopolymers and copolymers; polysaccharides; and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing polymers. The resultant coated glucosamine phosphate composition will be stable at ambient temperatures and upon exposure to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Glucosamine sulfate having a purity of at least about 99 wt. %, and a maximum halide content of about 0.01 wt. %. Preferably, the glucosamine sulfate is stabilized by coating it with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable polymer comprising a water-soluble, water-immiscible and/or water-swellable homopolymer and/or copolymer. Suitable polymers include carboxypolymethylene homopolymers and copolymers; polyethylene glycol homopolymers and copolymers; polypropylene glycol homopolymers and copolymers; ethylcellulose; povidone homopolymers and copolymers; polyacrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers; polyacrylamide homopolymers and copolymers; polysaccharides; and mixtures of two or more of the foregoing polymers. The resultant coated glucosamine sulfate composition will be stable at ambient temperatures and upon exposure to the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to treat organ lesions caused by toxicants and drugs. The present invention is also directed to a method for treating organ lesions caused by toxicant comprising administering to a patient suffering from organ lesions a pharmaceutical composition comprising N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of water-soluble chitosan with high purity and biological activity includes steps of: reacting chitosan oligo sugar acid salt, covalently bonded to an organic or inorganic acid, with trialkylamine in phosphate buffered saline followed by addition of an organic solvent to remove acid salt at C-2 position; adding the thus obtained reaction mixture to an inorganic acid to remove trialkylamine salt at C-6 position; and passing the thus obtained free amine chitosan through an activated carbon/ion exchange resin. The free amine chitosan is water-soluble and has a high bioavailability for application to the medicine and food industries.

Abstract: Compositions useful for inhibiting the growth of bacteria, including bacteria that can cause gastric ulcers, are provided. In addition, transgenic organism that can produce such compositions are provided. Methods of using the compositions to treat or prevent gastric ulcers in a subject, including a human subject, also are provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to chitosan-derivative compounds and structures, methods of making chitosan-derivative compounds and methods for controlling, inhibiting and enhancing microbial populations in a variety of environments. The present invention is also directed to the control, inhibition and enhancement of microbial populations in animals, particularly humans. The microbial populations include bacteria, viruses and other pathogens where control of microbial populations are a necessity. The chitosan-derivative compounds of the present invention include chitosan-arginine compounds, related chitosan-L/D unnatural amino acid compounds, chitosan-acid amine compounds, chitosan-L/D natural amino acid derivative compounds, co-derivatives of the chitosan-derivative compounds, salts of the chitosan derivative compounds, and chitosan-guanidine compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides oral formulations of Sulodexide for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in patients with both insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Oral formulations containing doses adapted for administration to obtain a reduction in albumin excretion in patients with both micro and macro albuminuria and to produce lasting improvement in albumin excretion rate are provided. Methods of treating diabetic nephropathy using these formulations are also provided.

Abstract: A glycopolymer composition is provided comprising glycopolymer molecules having a polymer backbone; a first pendent unit comprising a linking group connected to said polymer backbone and a saccharide moiety connected to said linking group, optionally a second pendent unit; a phenyl ring at a first end of the polymer backbone; and a cyanoxyl group at the second end of the polymer backbone, useful as intermediates for making bioactive glycopolymers which bind to bioactive molecules, viruses, cells and substrates for protein separation, cell culture, ad drug delivery systems, as well as in targeting for treatment of wound healing and other pathological conditions.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a composition which exerts a higher effect on recovering health from articular disorders than that attained by amino sugars and glycosaminoglycans. The present invention solves the object by providing an agent for treating articular disorders, comprising an amino sugar and trehalose as effective ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use of polysaccharide derivatives for the preparation of biocompatible and biodegradable biomaterials with absorbent properties for body fluids and physical hemostatic activity, to be used in both venous and arterial vascular anastomoses to create a physical hemostatic barrier and to prevent scar tissue formation and formation of post-surgical adherence of the vessels to the surrounding tissues.

Abstract: Glucosamine suitable for human or animal consumption is disclosed. The glucosamine is derived from microbial biomass containing chitin. Suitable starting materials include substantially uniform microbial fungal sources, such as fungal sources derived from Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp. and combinations thereof. Methods of producing glucosamine by acid hydrolysis of fermented fungal biomass are also disclosed.