Abstract: The invention features a new solid supports having at least one amino functionality and a linker bound to the solid support through at least a portion of the amino functional groups. The invention also features solid support bound substrates suitable for use in the formation of macrocycles by a TE domain catalyzed macrocyclization reaction. The invention features methods of making the solid supports and solid support bound substrates of the invention and methods of effecting macrocyclizations of solid support bound substrates. The invention further provides new macrocyclic molecules having one or more peptide domains and one or more polyketide domains in the macrocyclic ring. In another embodiment of the invention, libraries of macrocycles are provided as well as methods of forming libraries of macrocycles from libraries of solid support bound substrates are provided.

Abstract: The present invention includes purified and isolated quassinoids and synthetically derived quassinoid analogs based on a picrasane carbon skeleton. Novel sidechains at C-15 incorporating water solubilizing agents such as glycine are discussed. Therapeutic methods taking advantage of anticancer, antiviral, and herbistatic properties of these quassinoids are disclosed, including use against solid tumors and human immunodeficiency virus infected cells.

Abstract: The nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of &agr;1, &agr;2, &bgr; and &egr; subunits of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) from Streptomyces coelicolor are provided. This subunit structure differs from that of known acyl carboxylases. Materials and methods are provided of increasing ACCase activity and production of secondary metabolites (such as polyketides and especially antibiotics) by causing expression in Streptomyces of such nucleic acid.

Abstract: Genetic engineering of the erythromycin polyketide synthase genes to effect combinatorial alterations of catalytic activities in the biosynthetic pathway can be used to generate a library of macrolides impractical to produce by chemical methods. The library includes examples of analogs with one, two and three altered carbon centers of the polyketide products.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, including pharmaceuticals, comprising glycosylated kinamycins. The compositions and methods of the invention can be used to treat infections, i.e., as antibiotics, and as anti-tumor agents. The compositions of the invention can also act as act as electrophilic azo-coupling agents in vitro or in vivo. The invention also provides enzymes capable of generating kinamycin, nucleic acids that encode them, antibodies that bind to them, and methods for making and using them.

Abstract: Three distinct primary regions of acyltransferase (AT) domains of modular polyketide synthases (PKS) can be changed by site-specific mutagenesis of the corresponding coding sequences to change the specificity of the domain and the structure of the polyketide produced by the PKS.

Abstract: An efficient arylation technique for use in the synthesis of erythromycin derivatives, involving a modified Heck reaction which employs less than six mole percent of palladium catalyst and no phosphine is disclosed. With this modified Heck reaction, an O-alkenylaryl macrolide can be obtained in a much shorter reaction time than under conventional Heck reaction conditions. The modified Heck reaction can be utilized in a method for phosphine-free arylation of an O-allylic erythromycin derivative, in a method for preparing an O-alkenylaryl erythromycin A derivative, or in a method for preparing a 2′,4″-hydroxyl protected 6-O-alkenylaryl erythromycin A derivative.

Abstract: Antimicrobial macrolide compounds are provided having formulas II: 1

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to prepare purified erythromycin by removing erythromycin F from erythromycin.

Abstract: There are described 11-O-substituted macrolides and their descladinose derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also described is a method for treating bacterial infections by administering to a mammal a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of the invention, and processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: There are described novel 11-O-substituted ketolide derivatives of clarithromycin analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also described is a method for treating bacterial infections by administering to a mammal a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of the invention, and processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: There are described novel 4′ substituted tylosin analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also described is a method for treating bacterial infections by administering to a mammal a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of the invention, and processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds from the class of the macrolide antibiotic oleandomycin of the general formula (I) wherein R1 has the individual meaning of —CH2CH3 group, of a fragment of the formula (II), together with R2 has the meaning of a fragment of the formula (III) or together with R4 has the meaning of a fragment of the formula (IV) or a fragment of the formula (V) R2 together with R3 has the meaning of a ketone or together with R1 has the meaning of a fragment of the formula (III), R3 has the individual meaning of OH group or together with R2 has the meaning of a ketone, R4 has the individual meaning of a methyl group, or together with R1 has the meaning of a fragment of the formula (IV) or of a fragment of the formula (V), R5 has the individual meaning of hydrogen or a benzyloxycarbonyl group, R6 has the individual meaning of hydrogen, a methyl group or a benzyloxycarbonyl group, to intermediates for the preparation thereof, to a process for

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: There are described novel substituted tylosin analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also described is a method for treating bacterial infections by administering to a mammal a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of the invention, and processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: There are described novel 4′substituted 16-membered macrolides and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Disclosed are multibinding compounds which include macrolide antibiotics, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, streptogramins, tetracycline and/or other compounds at which bind to bacterial ribosomal RNA and/or to one or more proteins involved in ribosomal protein synthesis in the bacterium, which are useful in treating bacterial infections. The compounds adversely affect protein expression and have an antibacterial effect. The multibinding compounds of this invention containing from 2 to 10 ligands covalently attached to one or more linkers. Each ligand is macrolide antibiotic, aminoglycoside, lincosamide, oxazolidinone, streptogramin, tetracycline or other compound which binds to bacterial ribosomal RNA and/or one or more proteins involved in ribosomal protein synthesis in the bacterium.

Abstract: There are described novel 4′substituted tylosin analogs and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also described is a method for treating bacterial infections by administering to a mammal a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of the invention, and processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: Combinatorial libraries of polyketides can be obtained by suitable manipulation of a host modular polyketide synthase gene cluster such as that which encodes the PKS for erythromycin. The combinatorial library is useful as a source of pharmaceutically active compounds. In addition, novel polyketides and antibiotics are prepared using this method.

Abstract: A biosynthetic gene cluster for methymycin and pikromycin as well as a biosynthetic gene cluster for desosamine is provided.

Abstract: A stable derivative of apoptolidin retains sufficient potency to be useful as an antitumor drug.

Abstract: Compound JK represented by the general formula (1): 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of providing crystalline and crystal-like forms of daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic with potent bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria, including strains that are resistant to conventional antibiotics. The present invention relates to methods of purifying daptomycin.

Abstract: This method is for preparing salts of amphotericin B methyl ester and other polyene macrolide esters. The steps of the process involve methylation by use of cesium carbonate for converting to methyl ester and significantly reducing side products, which are over methylation products. The free base-Schiff base mixture is converted to amphotericin B methyl ester hydrochloride or some other salt form, by using tetrahydrofuran-water to dissolve the mixture for acid treatment to obtain the salt. The aldehyde liberated during salt formation is removed by centrifuging, as to any precipitated aldehyde, and the aldehyde remaining in solution is removed by eluting the solution through a reverse phase adsorbent to obtain amphotericin B methyl ester hydrochloride as a yellow powder.

Abstract: 20,23-disubstituted mycaminosyltylonolide derivatives and use of the same in the field of the prophylaxis and treatment of pasteurellosis are disclosed. The di-substituents are peperidino optionally substituted with one or two methyl groups. The derivatives have selective antibacterial activity against Pasteurella.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: The invention provides novel erythromycin derivatives in which methyl groups on the macrolactone ring have been substituted with —H, -Et, and/or —OH. The invention also provides reagents such as isolated polynucleotides, vectors comprising the polynucleotides and host cells transformed with the vectors for making the novel compounds. Methods for making the compounds utilizing genetic engineering techniques are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods which can provide a pesticidal effect.

Abstract: A set of contiguous and partially overlapping cDNA sequences and polypeptides encoded thereby, designated as BS186 and transcribed from breast tissue, is described. These sequences are useful for the detecting, diagnosing, staging, monitoring, prognosticating, preventing or treating, or determining the predisposition of an individual to diseases and conditions of the breast, such as breast cancer. Also provided are antibodies which specifically bind to BS186-encoded polypeptide or protein, and agonists or inhibitors which prevent action of the tissue-specific BS186 polypeptide, which molecules are useful for the therapeutic treatment of breast diseases, tumors or metastases.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the general formula 1

Abstract: Bicyclic leucomycins and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a method for treating bacterial infections by administering to a mammal a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of the invention, and processes for the preparation of such compounds

Abstract: Compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: Bicyclic leucomycins and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a method for treating bacterial infections by administering to a mammal a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of the invention, and processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: Macrolide compounds produced by culturing Saccharopolyspora species LW107129 (NRRL 30141) have insecticidal and acaricidal activity and are useful intermediates for preparing spinosyn analogs.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel sixteen-membered macrolide compounds that are useful as anti-infective agents or as intermediates thereto. The present invention also provides methods for the preparation of these compounds, and methods and formulations for their use. In one aspect of the present invention, sixteen-membered macrolide possessing a side chain Z are provided where Z is aliphatic, aryl, alkylaryl, halide, ═NOR3, ═NNHR3, or —W—R3 where W is O, S, NC(═O)R4, NC(═O)OR4, NC(═O)NHR4 or NR4 where R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, aliphatic, aryl or alkylaryl. In another aspect of the present invention, bicyclic compounds are provided where one of the cyclic-components is a sixteen-membered macrolide and the other is a cyclic moiety whose cyclic structure is formed by between 3 and 10 atoms. In another aspect of the present invention, sixteen-membered macrolide compounds that bind to the domain II region of the 23S RNA are provided.

Abstract: There is described a novel class of ring contracted 14-membered macrolides, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and prodrugs thereof, having antibacterial activity, compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier as well as a method for treating bacterial infections by administering to a mammal a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention. There are also described synthetic processes for preparing the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: Novel 9-amino-14-membered macrolides and pharmaceutically-acceptable compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a method for treating bacterial infections by administering to a mammal a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of the invention and processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel sixteen-membered macrolide compounds that are useful as anti-infective agents or as intermediates thereto. The present invention also provides methods for the preparation of these compounds, and methods and formulations for their use. In one aspect of the present invention, sixteen-membered macrolide possessing a side chain Z are provided where Z is aliphatic, aryl, alkylaryl, halide, ═NOR3, ═NNHR3, or —W—R3 where W is O, S, NC(═O)R4, NC(═O)OR4, NC(═O)NHR4 or NR4 where R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, aliphatic, aryl or alkylaryl. In another aspect of the present invention, bicyclic compounds are provided where one of the cyclic-components is a sixteen-membered macrolide and the other is a cyclic moiety whose cyclic structure is formed by between 3 and 10 atoms. In another aspect of the present invention, sixteen-membered macrolide compounds that bind to the domain II region of the 23S RNA are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new class of polyene macrolide derivatives useful for treating or preventing fungal infections. The new polyene macrolide derivatives exhibit surprisingly superior antifungal activity and water solubility compared to amphotericin B methyl ester (AME). In addition, the new polyene macrolide derivatives have improved water solubility and lower toxicity than both amphotericin B (AmB) and AME.

Abstract: The present invention recognizes that marine organisms comprise nucleic acid molecules that encode polypeptides that catalyze the synthesis of bioactive compounds, such as polyketides including bryopyran rings, such as bryostatins. One aspect of the present invention is a composition including at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes at least one polypeptide that catalyzes at least one step in the synthesis of at least one polyketide such as a bryopyran ring, wherein said at least one nucleic acid molecule is derived from at least one marine organism. A second aspect of the present invention is a composition including a library of nucleic acid molecules of the present invention. These nucleic acid molecules can be used in a combinatorial biosynthesis of polyketides, bryopyran rings and bryostatins.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to 12,13-position modified epothilone derivatives, methods of preparation of the derivatives and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A stable derivative of apoptolidin retains sufficient potency to be useful as an antitumor drug.

Abstract: The use of enzymes which catalyze the production of starter and extender units for polyketides is described. In addition, modified loading modules are described, which can accept a variety of starting units such as substituted benzoates, and which can be used to generate substituted derivatives of natural products. These enzymes may be used to enhance the yield of polyketides that are natively produced or polyketides that are rationally designed. By using these techniques, the synthesis of a complete polyketide has been achieved in E. col. This achievement permits a host organism with desirable characteristics to be used in the production of such polyketides and to assess the results of gene shuffling.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel macrolide derivative 2′-propionate-clarithromycin dodecyl sulfate (I), and to a method for preparing the same as well as to a pharmaceutical composition containing the same as antibiotics.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: wherein X represents a single or a double bond; R1 is H or OH; provided that when X is a single bond, R1 is H or OH, and when X is a double bond, R1 is absent; R2 is H, C1-C8 alkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, alkoxy-alkyl or alkylthioalkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms in each alkyl or alkoxy group, wherein any of said alkyl, alkoxy alkenyl or alkynyl groups may be substituted by one or more halo atoms; or a C3-C8 cycloalkyl or C5-C8 cycloalkenyl group, either of which may be substituted by methylene or one or more C1-C4 alkyl groups or halo atoms; or a 3 to 6 membered oxygen or sulphur containing heterocyclic ring which may be saturated, or fully or partially unsaturated and which may be substituted by one or more C1-C4 alkyl groups or halo atoms; or a group of the formula SR5 wherein R5 is C1-C8 alkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C8 cycloalkenyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl wherein the substituent is C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy or

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for converting clarithromycin Form I to clarithromycin Form II, which include slurrying clarithromycin the Form I in water. The present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of clarithromycin Form II by converting erythromycin A to clarithromycin and thereafter converting clarithromycin Form I to clarithromycin Form II by slurrying.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel macrolide compounds of the formulas 1