Abstract: The invention relates to lactam mixtures which give lactam melts having increased viscosity, to their production and to their use, preferably in the activated anionic polymerization of lactams (to cast polyamides). According to the invention, certain unsaturated aromatic vinyl compound/diene block copolymers (B) which dissolve in the lactam melt are added to the lactam (melt)s (A) in quantities of 1 to 15% by weight, a component (C) which is compatible with the diene block copolymers (B) and which dissolves completely or partly in the lactam melt optionally being added as an additional component. The block copolymers (B) used contain 10 to 85% by weight aromatic vinyl units and 15 to 90% by weight diene units. The block copolymers (B) may even be partly hydrogenated, epoxidized or grafted.The preferred lactam is .epsilon.-caprolactam.Lactam melts of increased viscosity are particularly suitable for taking up reinforcing materials and fillers (D) and for the production of filled cast polyamides.

Abstract: A process for recovering caprolactam from waste containing both polycaprolactam and materials which are insoluble in acidic solvents for polycaprolactam includes agitating the waste in an acidic solvent capable of dissolving polycaprolactam without degrading the acid insoluble materials, separating the solution containing polycaprolactam from the acid insoluble materials, feeding the solution containing the polycaprolactam to a depolymerization reactor, without substantially precipitating the polycaprolactam and depolymerizing the polycaprolactam solution to obtain substantially pure caprolactam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of caprolactam by thermal depolymerization of polyamide in the presence of small quantities of potassium carbonate at 250.degree. to 320.degree. C. and to a process for purifying the resulting caprolactam.

Abstract: A process of treating a ketoxime or aldoxime-containing amide mixture resulting from a Beckmann rearrangement of the corresponding ketoxime or aldoxime. The process involves hydrolysis of the mixture to remove the remaining ketoxime or aldoxime which are converted to the corresponding ketone or aldehyde and then separated off from the mixture. Any amino acid resulting from the hydrolysis can be reconverted to the corresponding amide by raising the temperature of the mixture.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions comprising a physiologically-active agent and a compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X may represent sulfur or two hydrogen atoms; R' is H or a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; m is 2-6; n is 0-18 and R is --CH.sub.3, ##STR2## wherein R'' is H or halogen, in an amount effective to enhance the penetration of the physiologically-active agent through the skin or other membrane of the body of an animal.

Abstract: A process of using fast pyrolysis in a carrier gas to convert a plastic waste feedstream having a mixed polymeric composition in a manner such that pyrolysis of a given polymer to its high value monomeric constituent occurs prior to pyrolysis of other plastic components therein comprising: selecting a first temperature program range to cause pyrolysis of said given polymer to its high value monomeric constituent prior to a temperature range that causes pyrolysis of other plastic components; selecting a catalyst and support for treating said feed streams with said catalyst to effect acid or base catalyzed reaction pathways to maximize yield or enhance separation of said high value monomeric constituent in said temperature program range; differentially heating said feed stream at a heat rate within the first temperature program range to provide differential pyrolysis for selective recovery of optimum quantities of the high value monomeric constituent prior to pyrolysis of other plastic components; separating th

Abstract: 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthlamines of formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R is H or OCH.sub.3 ; ##STR2## is either at 1 or 2 position R.sub.1 is H;R.sub.2 is selected from:L-prolyl, optionally N-substituted with acetyl or carbobenzoxy,L-pyroglutamyl,(pyrrolidin-2-one-1-yl)acetyl,3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl:or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together with the nitrogen atom form the ring ##STR3## wherein n=1,2,3 and R.sub.3 -H, OH are nootropic substances potent enhancers of learning processes and memory.Orally or parenterally administrable pharmaceutical compositions in unit dosage form comprise between about 100 and about 500 mg of a compound of formula (1).

Abstract: Monoblocked diisocyanates which contain little free and diblocked diisocyanate are obtained by a process which involves adding 1 mole of a blocking agent to a diisocyanate which is present in excess and subsequently removing the excess diisocyanate by thin film evaporation. The compounds produced are useful for the production of cataphoresis resins.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for administering systemically active agents including therapeutic agents through the skin or mucosal membranes of humans and animals in a transdermal device or formulation comprising topically administering with said systemic agent an effective amount of a membrane penetration enhancer having the structure formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y, each, may represent sulfur, oxygen or two hydrogen atoms, A is a branched or a straight chain, divalent aliphatic radical having from 0 to 2 double bonds; R' is selected from the group consisting of H, a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, phenyl, lower alkyl or halogen substituted phenyl, acetamido, halogen, piperidinyl, lower alkyl or halogen substituted piperidinyl, carbalkoxy, carboxamide, and alkylformyl; m is 3-7; q is 2m-2x, wherein x equals the number of double bonds in the lactam ring and may be 1, 2 or 3, and R is CH.sub.3, ##STR2## or ##STR3## wherein R" is H or halogen.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of imidoperoxycarboxylic acids of the formula ##STR1## in which A is C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene or a group of the formula ##STR2## and R is a group of the formula --COOH, --SO.sub.3 H or --Cl, and X is C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkylene or arylene, in which a solution of imidocarboxylic acids of the formula ##STR3## in sulfuric acid or methanesulfonic acid and an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide are continuously metered into a static mixer, then the solution of the imidoperoxycarboxylic acid obtained in this way is treated with water and the precipitated product is isolated.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel methods for the extraction of nucleic acid. In particular methods are described for isolating nucleic acid from a sample containing a complex biological mixture of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acids wherein the sample is combined with an extraction solution comprising a lactam and then the nucleic acid material is isolated from the resulting combined solution. The resulting combined solution is mixed and becomes biphasic and the nucleic acid material is isolated from the aqueous phase by precipitation with ethanol. The lactam is preferably about 5 to about 70% of the extraction solution and is most preferably 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-piperidone, 2-.epsilon.-caprolactam, N-methyl-2-caprolactam, 2-piperidone or N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidone. Methods for selectively isolating DNA, ribosomal RNA and plasmid DNA are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel, facile, and specific process for .alpha.-iodinating or .alpha.-brominating the .alpha.-methylenic carbon of a straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic secondary amide, such as a lactam or an azasteroid, comprises reacting the amide with trialkylsilyl-X (R.sub.3 Si--X), where X is Br, I, or Cl, and R is methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl, in the presence of I.sub.2 or Br.sub.2. The .alpha.-iodo- or .alpha.-bromo-amide is useful for making the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated amide through dehydrohalogenation.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel methods for the release of nucleic acids from cells in complex biological samples or specimens to prepare and make available the nucleic acid material present for a hybridization assay or for extraction. Novel methods for hybridization of nucleic acids are also presented. In particular methods are described for isolating nucleic acid from a sample containing a complex biological mixture of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acids wherein the sample is combined with a hybridization medium comprising a lactam which promotes and enables nucleic acid pairing when complementary nucleic acid is introduced. The lactam is preferably about 5 to about 70% of the hybridization medium and is most preferably 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-piperidone, 2-.epsilon.-caprolactam, N-methyl-2-caprolactam, 2-piperidone or N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidone.

Abstract: Certain propanobicyclic amine compounds are described for treatment of CNS disorders such as psychotic disorders, convulsions, dystonia and cerebral ischemia. Compounds of particular interest are of the formula ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Y and Z is independently selected from hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, phenalkyl, phenyl, alkoxy, phenoxy, phenalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydroxyalkyl; wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be taken together to form oxo;wherein each of R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, henalkyl and phenyl; wherein G within the nitrogen-containing cyclohetero moiety is selected from ##STR2## wherein R.sup.15 is selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl, phenalkyl, alkoxyalkyl and hydroxyalkyl; wherein each of R.sup.16 and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to properties and uses of N-hydrocarbon substituted lactams, particularly N-alkyl substituted lactams having the formula ##STR1## wherein R' is a hydrophobic radical such as linear or branched chain alkyl group containing from 8 to 27 carbon atoms, most preferably micelle forming pyrrolidones having 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the R' group. The invention particularly relates to the uses of the N-hydrocarbon substituted lactams which involve surfactant properties, such as solubility, wetting, viscosity building, emulsifying and/or complexing properties.

Abstract: Hydrazide functionalized 2-hydroxybenzophenone ultraviolet light and heat stabilizers and derivatives are disclosed having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, X, Y, Z, all substituents thereof, and n are set forth in the Summary of the Invention. Y--N(R.sup.6)--Z is the hydrazide or derivative group and --X--R.sup.5 -- links the hydrazide group to an aromatic nucleus of the optionally substituted benzophenone group. Derivatives are, for example, acyl hydrazides, diacyl hydrazides (including imides), hydrazones and alkyl hydrazides. The compounds are useful as ultraviolet light absorbers and heat stabilizers for plastics.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the production of 1-n-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one by reacting caprolactam with 1-bromododecane in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst under anhydrous conditions using a nonpoisonous hydrocarbon as solvent. The method is a one-pot synthesis employing solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis.

Abstract: Novel antibiotics TAN-1057 represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein, the absolute configuration at (A) is R or S; R.sub.1 is hydrogen and both R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 taken together form a chemical bond, or R.sub.3 is hydrogen and both R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together form a chemical bond; were produced by microorganisms belonging to the genus Flexibacter. TAN-1057 strongly inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and malignant tumors, thus being useful as therapeutic agents of infectious diseases or antitumor agents.

Abstract: Improved pharmaceutical compositions for the topical administration of a lipophilic, pharmaceutical agent to a human or lower animal subject comprising a safe and effective amount of a pharmaceutical agent, an aqueous solvent system comprising from about 15 to 75% by volume of one or more water miscible solvents, and a compound selected from certain 1-alkylazacycloheptan-2-ones and cis-olefin compounds of the formulaCH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.x CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.y R.sup.3where R.sup.3 is CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 or COR.sup.4 and R.sup.4 is OH or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkoxy, x and y are each an integer from 3 to 13 and the sum of x and y is from 10 to 16; and methods for treating disease in a human or lower animal by topical administration of such compositions.

Abstract: The present invention deals with the composition, and application of novel alkoxylated ether containing lactam compounds, useful as surface active agents. Compounds of this invention have emulsification, wetting, softening, anti-tangle, conditioning, complexation and solubilization properties.The compounds of the current invention conform to the following structure; ##STR1## wherein; R is an alkyl having from 10 to 36 carbon atoms;x, y and z are independently integers from 0 to 50, with the proviso that the sum of x+y+z be greater than zero.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.c is carboxy, esterified carboxy or amidated carboxy; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl or joins with R.sub.a and R.sub.b and the atoms therebetween to form a fused ring ##STR2## and either R.sub.a is methyl and R.sub.b is ##STR3## or R.sub.2 and R.sub.b and the atoms therebetween form a group ##STR4## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are either both hydrogen, or together are propylene, butylene, or with the two atoms to which they are attached form a benzene ring. Methods of manufacture and use thereof in the production of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of N-alkylated caprolactams by the cyclization of N-alkylated caproic acids.

Abstract: This invention is directed to compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: A represents an aromatic or heterocyclic ring having two of its carbon atoms held mutually with the oxazepine, thiazepine or diazepine moiety selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, a quinoline, a pyridine in any of its four positions, any of which rings are optionally substituted by one or two Y radicals selected from the group consisting of halo, loweralkyl, loweralkoxy, diloweralkylamino, nitro, amino, lower acylamino, trilfuoromethyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by one to three Y' groups selected from halo, loweralkyl, loweralkoxy, diloweralkylamino, nitro, amino, loweracylamino or trifluoromethyl,E is selected from oxygen, sulfur or ##STR2## B is selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl-loweralkyl wherein phenyl is optionally substituted by one or two radicals selected from halo, loweralkyl, loweralkoxy, nitro or trifuoromethyl,N is 1 or 2,R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: An isoquinoline derivative represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and A are as defined in the disclosure, or a pharmacologically acceptable acid salt thereof. These compounds have an excellent relaxation action on blood vessels, particularly coronary arteries, and on bronchial tubes. Accordingly, the compounds can be advantageously utilized as drugs for prevention and treatment of angina, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular thrombosis, cerebrovascular thrombosis, hypertonia, asthma and other various circulatory and respiratory organ diseases.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of haloalkyl lactams having the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer having a value of from 1 to 3; m is an integer having a value of 1 or 2 and X is chlorine or bromine in the absence of an inert solvent by reacting a hydroxyalkyl lactam of the formula ##STR2## with a thionyl chloride or bromide in the liquid phase under anhydrous conditions, vaporizing and removing any excess thionyl halide along with SO.sub.2 by-product from the liquid reaction mixture under vacuum followed by vacuum distillation of the remaining liquid product mixture at a temperature below its decomposition and recovering said product.The product of this process can be obtained in greater than 90% yield and 99% purity.

Abstract: Various heterocyclic compounds have been discovered that impart improved fuel economy and friction modification to lubricant and fuel compositions. These hetrocyclic compounds of the invention preferably contain nitrogen and may be further reacted with hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid acylating reactants or hydrocarbyl phenolic reactants to give higher molecular materials. These higher molecular weight materials have higher oil-solubility and impart dispersancy properties to lubricant and fuel compositions.

Abstract: Labile quaternary ammonium salts of the following formula (I) and (II) are provided: ##STR1## wherein N represents a tertiary aliphatic amine; wherein N represents an unsaturated amine; wherein R represents a member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 open chain or cyclo alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxyalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 acyloxyalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 haloalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 carboxyalkyl group, a C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkenylphenyl group, an aryl group, and a substituted aryl group, whose substituents are selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an O-lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) group, an O-acyl group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, and a carboethoxy group; wherein R.sub.1 which may be the same or different, represents any member defined by R above with the proviso that R.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to new pyrimidine derivatives, useful in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease, of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined in the specification.

Abstract: The coating of surfaces to impart gloss and protect from weathering, and the use of solvents in paint formulations, are disclosed; the following being exemplary: Compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are saturated alkyls having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms therein. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, alternatively, may be the same and form a nitrogen heterocyclic compound such as that derived from, for example, a pyrrolidine, a piperidine or a hexahydroazepine.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1-substituted azacycloalkan-2-ones of the formula I ##STR1## in which R, m and n have the meanings indicated by reaction of corresponding 1-trimethylsilylazacycloalkan-2-ones with alkali metal alcoholate or alkali metal oxide and then alkylation of the alkali metal salts which are formed.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the preparation of a N- or S-1,2-ethylenically unsaturated organic compound which comprises(a) contacting a N- or S-silylated organic compound with an aldehyde, wherein the aldehyde has a hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl moiety, at elevated temperatures under conditions such that a N- or S-1-siloxyalkyl-substituted organic compound is prepared; and(b) pyrolyzing the N- or S-1-siloxyalkyl-substituted organic compound under conditions such that the siloxy moiety is elminated to prepare a N- or S-1,2-ethylenically unsaturated compound.