Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds of general formula I wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, OR4, C1-C6 alkyl or C2-C6 alkenyl, R4 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or C2-C6 alkenyl, —N-(AA) represents the residue of an amino acid or of a peptide which is bonded over the N-terminus of the amino acid or the peptide and the peptide is composed of 2 to 6, that means 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, amino acids, wherein the C-terminus of the amino acid or the peptide is optionally esterified with a C1-C16 hydrocarbon moiety and n is an integer of 1 to 5. The compounds are in particular useful for cosmetic applications.

Abstract: This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating a vision disorder, improving vision, treating memory impairment, or enhancing memory performance using N-linked sulfonamides of heterocyclic thioesters.

Abstract: Provided are methods for the preparation of certain substituted pyrrolidine compounds, forms of (2S,4R)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)-4-benzamidopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, and methods for preparing and using these forms.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula (I): wherein E, A, B?, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are defined in the specification which compounds exhibit anticancer activity and are useful for treating cancer.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention include novel analogs of Glycyl-Prolyl-Glutamate (GPE) and compositions containing such analogs of GPE. Of these, certain analogs have modified proline residues. Other embodiments of this invention include uses of analogs of GPE to protect neural cells from degeneration and/or death in response to injury or disease. Disorders treatable with compounds and compositions of this invention include hypoxia/ischemia, toxic injury, and chronic neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted benzoylureido-o-benzoylamides and to their physiologically tolerated salts and physiologically functional derivatives. The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which the radicals have the stated meanings, and to the physiologically tolerated salts thereof. The compounds are suitable for example as medicaments for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Abstract: This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating a vision disorder, improving vision, treating memory impairment, or enhancing memory performance using heterocyclic esters and amides.

Abstract: A proline ester represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 represents a hydroxy-lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy-lower alkyl group, or a lower alkoxy-lower alkoxy-lower alkyl group or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The proline ester (I) of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful as a prodrug of enalaprilat, which is a medicine useful for preventing or treating circulatory diseases such as hypertension, cardiac diseases (e.g., cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac failure, and myocardial infarct), nephritis, and apoplexy. Thus, a drug containing the ester or a salt thereof is preferably formulated to a percutaneous preparation, particularly a patch, from the viewpoint of medicinal activity and use.

Abstract: The present invention provides a safer method for production of a cis-4-fluoro-L-proline derivative under milder conditions and in good yield to give a product of high purity on an industrial scale at low cost. Namely, the present invention provides a method for producing a cis-4-fluoro-L-proline derivative, which comprises reacting a trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline derivative of the following Formula [I]: (wherein R1 represents a protecting group for an ?-amino group, and R2 represents a protecting group for a carboxyl group) with N,N-diethyl-N-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl)amine in the presence of a hydrogen fluoride-scavenger.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compositions and uses of N-heterocyclic carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid isosteres for treating a vision disorder, improving vision, treating memory impairment or enhancing memory performance in an animal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved synthesis of pyrrole capping group precursors.

Abstract: Anlogs of ningalin B lacking inherent cytotoxic activity may be employed to reverse multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype and to resensitize transformed cells, including a human colon cancer cell line (HCT116/VM46), with respect to a variety of cytotoxic agents, e.g., vinblastine and doxorubicin. In many instances, resensitization is achieved at lower doses than the prototypical agent verapamil. Total synthesis of ningalin B and its analogs was achieved using a concise, efficient approach based on a heterocyclic azadiene Diels-Alder strategy (1,2,4,5-tetrazine?1,2-diazine?pyrrole) ideally suited for construction of the densely functionalized pyrrole core found in the natural product is detailed.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the use of pyrrolidine esters of formula (I) for the treatment and/or prevention of premature labor, premature birth and dysmenorrhea. In particular, the present invention is related to the use of pyrrolidine esters of formula (I) to modulate, notably to antagonize the oxytocin receptor. The present invention is furthermore related to novel pyrrolidine esters. X is selected from the group consisting of CR6R7, NOR6, NNR6R7; R is selected from the group comprising or consisting of C1–C6 alkyl, C2–C6 alkenyl, C2–C6 alkynyl, saturated or unsaturated 3–8-membered cycloalkyl which may contain 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected of N, O, S, aryl, heteroaryl, C1–C6-alkyl aryl, C1–C6-alkyl heteroaryl.

Abstract: Disclosed are the novel compounds as growth hormone secretagogues represented by structural Formula (I), wherein R1 is, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted amino, X is —CO— or —SO2—, Y is Formula (II), wherein n is an integer from 0–4, R4 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or R5 and R6 or R4 and R5 are taken together to form substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, R2 is hydrogen, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, R3 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, D is substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, * represents an asymmetric center, and ph

Abstract: 4-Oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[3,2-d] pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester and process for preparing are provided. The process for producing the 4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrole[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester comprises condensing 3-amino-1H-pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester with formamidine acetate. The 4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrole[3,2-d]pyrimidine- 7-carboxylic acid methyl ester is useful as a precusor for providing 9-deaza-hypoxanthine, a key intermediate for producing certain PNP inhibitors.

Abstract: Polyaspartate derivatives, especially hydrophobically modified and/or hydrophilically modified polyaspartate derivatives, most especially polyaspartate derivatives that are both hydrophilically and hydrophobically modified, for use in detergent compositions, specifically laundry detergent compositions for providing cleaning, dispersancy, especially soil dispersion, builder properties and/or improved whitening of fabrics contacted by such detergent compositions; and methods for making such polyaspartate derivatives, and methods and articles employing such detergent compositions, are provided.

Abstract: Compounds or their salts having general formulas (I) and (II): wherein s is an integer equal to 1 or 2, A is the radical of a drug that satisfies certain pharmacological tests, C and C1 are bivalent radicals, and precursors of the radicals B and B1 satisfy certain pharmacological tests.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are antibacterials: wherein: R1 represents hydrogen, or C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkyl substituted by one or more halogen atoms; R2 represents a group R10—(X)n—(ALK)m— wherein R10 represents hydrogen, or a C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl group, any of which may be unsubstituted or substituted by (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, hydroxy, mercapto, (C1-C6)alkylthio, amino, halo (including fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo), trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro, —COOH, —CONH2, —COORA, —NHCORA, —CONHRA, —NHRA, —NRARB, or —CONRARB wherein RA and RB are independently a (C1-C6)alkyl group, and ALK represents a straight or branched divalent C1-C6 alkylene, C2-C6 alkenylene, or C2-C6 alkynylene radical, and may be interrupted by one or more non-adjacent —NH—, —O— or —S— linkages, X represents —NH—, —O— or —S—, an

Abstract: New compounds have the formula: wherein R, R1, X and Y have the meanings described herein. Methods are set forth for synthesizing these compounds and using these compounds to treat diseases associated with amyloidosis, such as Alzheimer's disease, maturity onset diabetes mellitus, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, scrapie, and Kreuzfeld-Jacob disease.

Abstract: Compounds of the class of 4-oxo-butenoic acid derivatives are disclosed along with the surprising use property of these compounds as a anti-tumor agents in humans against breast carcinoma, which include: 2-(N′-Fluoren-9-ylidene-hydrazino)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-hex-2-enoic acid methyl ester (OF-06), 1-(2,4-Dimethyl-phenyl)-2,4-dihydroxy-3-4-methyl-benzoyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1F-07), 4-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-2,4-dioxo-3-(phenyl-hydrazono)-butyric acid (3F-10), 4-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-2,4-dioxo-3-(phenyl-hydrazono)-butyric acid ethyl ester (3F-11), 2-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-but-2-enoic acid (3F-15), and 4,4-Dihydroxy-5-4-methyl-benzoyl)-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (3F-16) as well as some novel derivatives of these compounds claimed (see Table 2).

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid which comprises condensing an amino acid and N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanine.N-carboxyanhydride under basic condition, carrying out decarboxylation under between neutral and acidic condition to obtain N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid, and forming a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the production of a by-product (3): is suppressed by carrying out in an aqueous liquid a series of operations till formation of the pharmacologically acceptable salt or till isolation of the pharmacologically acceptable salt. The present invention enables to prepare the pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid having high quality, in a commercial scale with high yield and economical efficiency.

Abstract: Novel anti-infective and methods of using them are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds which are useful in the modulation of endogenous growth hormone levels in a mammal. The invention further relates to novel intermediates for usein the synthesis of said compounds, as well as novel processes employed in these syntheses. Also included are methods of treating a mammal which include the administration of said compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tripeptide compounds, compositions and methods for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In particular, the present invention provides novel tripeptide analogs, pharmaceutical compositions containing such analogs and methods for using these analogs in the treatment of HCV infection.

Abstract: New compounds are disclosed for multimerizing immunophilins and proteins containing immunophilin or immunophilin-related domains.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel (substituted)acyl dipeptidyl ICE/ced-3 family inhibitor compounds. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, as well as the use of such compositions in the treatment of patients suffering inflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, for the prevention of ischemic injury, and for the preservation of organs that are to undergo a transplantation procedure.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the asymmetric synthesis of (S,S,R)-(−)-actinonin and its analogs and the compounds thereby synthesized having a structural formula: where R1 is an optionally substituted or halogenated alkyl, aryl, heteroalkyl or heteroaryl amine, said R1 further comprising a cyclic or bicyclic structure; R2 is methyl, CH2CH3, (CH2)2CH3, C(CH3)3, phenyl, 3,4-dichiorophenyl, biphenyl, benzyl, 4-hydroxybenzyl, piperidine, N-Boc-4-piperidine, CH2-(N-Boc-4-piperidine), 4-tetrahydropyran, CH2-4-tetrahydropyran, 3-methyl indolyl, 2-naphthyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 3-thienyl; R3 is R2 or C3-8alkyl, R4 is C1-3alkyl; and R5 is NH2, OH, NHOH, NHOCH3, N(CH3)OH, N(CH3)OCH3, NHCH2CH3, NH(CH2CH3), NHCH2(2,4-(OCH3)2Ph, NHCH2(4-NO2)Ph, NHN(CH3)2, proline, or 2-hydroxymethyl pyrrolidine.

Abstract: Anlogs of ningalin B lacking inherent cytotoxic activity may be employed to reverse multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype and to resensitize transformed cells, including a human colon cancer cell line (HCT116/VM46), with respect to a variety of cytotoxic agents, e.g., vinblastine and doxorubicin. In many instances, resensitization is achieved at lower doses than the prototypical agent verapamil. Total synthesis of ningalin B and its analogs was achieved using a concise, efficient approach based on a heterocyclic azadiene Diels-Alder strategy (1,2,4,5-tetrazine → 1,2-diazine → pyrrole) ideally suited for construction of the densely functionalized pyrrole core found in the natural product is detailed.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for removing organic solvent from crystals of atorvastatin hemi-calcium containing organic solvent. In one process, the organic solvent is displaced by vapor diffusion of water in a vessel maintained at elevated humidity. In a second process, the organic solvent is removed by fluidized bed drying. The present invention further provides atorvastatin hemi-calcium containing 1% or less organic solvent, which can be obtained from atorvastatin hemi-calcium that has been crystallized from an organic solvent-containing solution by practice of the processes of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention is related to substituted amine derivatives notably for use as pharmaceutically active compounds, as well as to pharmaceutical formulations containing such amine derivatives of formula (I). Said substituted amine derivatives are efficient modulators, in particular inhibitors, of the Bax function and/or activation. The present invention is furthermore related to novel substituted amine derivatives as well as methods of their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel form of (S)-1-[N2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-lysyl]-L-proline known under the generic name lisinopril. Further, the present invention also relates to the use of the novel amorphous form of lisinopril for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, pharmaceutical compositions containing it as well as processes for the preparation of the novel amorphous form of lisinopril.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel form of (S)-1-[N2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-lysyl]-L-proline known under the generic name lisinopril. Further, the present invention also relates to the use of the novel amorphous form of lisinopril for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, pharmaceutical compositions containing it as well as processes for the preparation of the novel amorphous form of lisinopril.

Abstract: Dipeptide compounds and compounds analogous to dipeptide compounds that are formed from an amino acid and a thiazolidine or pyrrolidine group and salts thereof used in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance, glycosuria, hyperlipidaemia, metabolic acidoses, diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy and also of sequelae of diabetes mellitus in mammals.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of formula (I) 1

Abstract: New compounds have the formula: 1

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for producing angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor of the following formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in which a compound of the following formula (II), wherein R and R1 are defined as in the specification, is subjected to a de-protective reaction of silyl group in non-aqueous medium. This reaction is easily carried out only in the non-aqueous medium, so that by-product is minimized and the yield is high.

Abstract: Ferrocene anchored chiral ligands and metal complexes based on such chiral ligands useful in asymmetric catalysis are disclosed. The metal complexes according to the present invention are useful as catalysts in asymmetric reactions, such as, hydrogenation, hydride transfer, allylic alkylation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, olefin metathesis, hydrocarboxylation, isomerization, cyclopropanation, Diels-Alder reaction, Heck reaction, isomerization, Aldol reaction, Michael addition; epoxidation, kinetic resolution and [m+n] cycloaddition. The new ligands are effective for asymmetric Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions and Ag-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of azomethine ylides.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid which comprises condensing an amino acid and N-(1(S) -ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanine N-carboxy-anhydride under basic condition, carrying out decarboxylation under between neutral and acidic condition to obtain N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid, and forming a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the production of a by-product (3): is suppressed by carrying out in an aqueous liquid a series of operations till formation of the pharmacologically acceptable salt or till isolation of the pharmacologically acceptable salt. The present invention enables to prepare the pharmacologically acceptable salt of N-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl-amino acid having high quality, in a commercial scale with high yield and economical efficiency.

Abstract: A 2- or 4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide is allowed to react with an alkali metal alkoxide to remove a nitrobenzenesulfonyl group to thereby obtain an amine corresponding to the amide. Furthermore, a method for producing an amine derivative by allowing the resulting amine without isolation to react with an activated, substituted oxycarbonyl compound or an activated acyl compound is provided. According to this method, a corresponding free amine and its substituted derivative can be produced easily and industrially advantageously from the 2- or 4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide without using a thiol compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to neurotrophic N-glyoxyl-prolyl ester compounds having an affinity for FKBP-type immunophilins, their preparation and use as inhibitors of the enzyme activity associated with immunophilin proteins, and particularly inhibitors of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase or rotamase enzyme activity.

Abstract: New compounds are disclosed for multimerizing immunophilins and proteins containing immunophilin or immunophilin-related domains.

Abstract: This invention relates to low molecular weight, small molecule cyclic esters and amides having an affinity for FKBP-type immunophilins, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods of using the same to effect a neuronal activity.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel oxamyl dipeptide ICE/ced-3 family inhibitor compounds having the following structure: 1

Abstract: This invention is directed to compounds and intermediates of Formulae (6 and 3), useful in preparing herbicidal sulfonamides of Formula (1), including all geometric and stereoisomers thereof, and agricultural salts thereof, wherein X is H, F or Cl; Y is F or Cl; R1 is C1-C3 haloalkyl, C2-C4 alkoxyalkyl; C2-C6 haloalkoxyalkyl or C2-C6 cyanoalkyl; R2 is H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl; C3-C4 alkenyl, C3-C4 alkynyl, C2-C4 alkoxyalkyl, C2-C4 alkylcarbonyl or C2-C4 alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is H or OH; R4 is H, F or Cl; and R5 is F or Cl; provided that when R3 is H then R4 is F or Cl and when R3 is OH then R4 is H.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula: which are useful for inhibiting neuraminidases from disease-causing microorganisms, especially, influenza neuraminidase. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for preventing and treating diseases caused by microorganisms having a neuraminidase, processes for preparing the compounds and synthetic intermediates used in these processes.

Abstract: A method of isolating 1-[N2-((S)-ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)-N6-trifluoroacetyl]-L-lysyl-L-proline (lisinopril (TFA) ethyl ester, LPE). The solvent or solvent mixture used for the extraction is also a main constituent of the solvent or solvent mixture from which the crystallization takes place. High yield as well as good purity of the end product are obtained, without distillation. 1-[N2-((S)-ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)-N6-trifluoroacetyl]-L-lysyl-L-proline (lisinopril (TFA) ethyl ester, LPE) is described as a precursor for producing an ACE inhibitor.

Abstract: The current invention discloses useful pharmaceutical compositions containing amidino derivative useful as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel (substituted)acyl dipeptidyl ICE/ced-3 family inhibitor compounds. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, as well as the use of such compositions in the treatment of patients suffering inflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, for the prevention of ischemic injury, and for the preservation of organs that are to undergo a transplantation procedure.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which inhibit proteases, including cathepsin K, pharmaceutical compositions of such compounds, and methods for treating diseases of excessive bone loss or cartilage or matrix degradation, including osteoporosis; gingival disease including gingivitis and periodontitis; arthritis, more specifically, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis; Paget's disease; hypercalcemia of malignancy; and metabolic bone disease, comprising inhibiting said bone loss or excessive cartilage or matrix degradation by administering to a patient in need thereof a compound of the present invention.

Abstract: There is provided compounds of formula I, 1