Abstract: A process for the recovery of maleic anhydride from the gas produced by the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon, n-butane or benzene, is characterized by: a) High efficiency in maleic anhydride recovery b) Reduced formation of maleic acid and fumaric acid c) Reduced maintenance, thanks to the prevented formation of solid deposits in the absorber and in other related equipment.

Abstract: A process for producing a ringlike oxidic shaped body by mechanically compacting a pulverulent aggregate introduced into the fill chamber of a die, wherein the outer face of the resulting compact corresponds to that of a frustocone.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of alcohol and/or aldehyde groups with a peroxo compound in the presence of a heterogeneous rhenium based catalyst, and a co-catalyst. The process of the invention may, for example, be applied to the manufacture of maleic acid which can be dehydrated to lead to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A process for charging a longitudinal section of a catalyst tube with a homogeneous fixed catalyst bed section whose active composition is at least one multielement oxide or comprises elemental silver on an oxidic support body and whose geometric shaped catalyst bodies and shaped inert bodies have a specific inhomogeneity of their longest dimensions.

Abstract: Embodiments of an invention disclosed herein relate to apparatuses and processes related thereto including modifications of support members that significantly reduce the magnitude of stress at junctions between the support members and the shell walls of the apparatuses.

Abstract: Processes for decreasing fumaric acid deposits in preparing maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation of a hydrocarbon with molecular oxygen. Maleic anhydride is absorbed from the crude mixture in an absorbent in an absorption column and desorbed in a desorption column, the entirety or portion of absorbent depleted in maleic anhydride, for controlled precipitation of fumaric acid, being cooled and/or concentrated by evaporating a portion of absorbent such that the difference between the concentration of fumaric acid in the recycle stream at the outlet of the desorption column under existing conditions and the equilibrium concentration of fumaric acid according to the solubility curve after cooling and/or evaporation of a portion of absorbent is ?250 ppm by weight, and the fumaric acid precipitated as a solid is removed completely or partly from the absorbent recycling system and the fumaric acid-depleted absorbent is recycled completely or partly to the absorption column.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of maleic anhydride from the gas produced by the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon, n-butane or benzene, is characterized by: a) High efficiency in maleic anhydride recovery b) Reduced formation of maleic acid and fumaric acid c) Reduced maintenance, thanks to the prevented formation of solid deposits in the absorber and in other related equipment.

Abstract: What is described is a process for obtaining maleic anhydride by distillation from a solution of maleic anhydride in a high-boiling absorbent which has been obtained by gas phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon and at least partial absorption of the oxidation products into the absorbent, by i) introducing the solution into the side of a feed column with a rectifying section disposed above the feed point and a stripping section disposed below the feed point, ii) providing an upper combining column which communicates with the upper end of the rectifying section and a lower combining column which communicates with the lower end of the stripping section, iii) providing a draw column which communicates with the upper combining column and the lower combining column, iv) drawing maleic anhydride off as a side draw from the draw column, and drawing off compounds having a lower boiling point than maleic anhydride at the top of the upper combining column and the high-boiling absorbent at the bottom of the lower combining c

Abstract: The invention relates to novel silver vanadium phosphates, catalysts based on these silver vanadium phosphates and the use of these catalysts for carrying out organic reactions in the gas phase.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst by selecting an active catalyst and contacting the active catalyst with one or more fluids containing an organic solvent or mixture of organic solvents. In one embodiment, each organic solvent has a dielectric constant within a range of about 5 to about 55 when measured at a temperature of 20° C. to 25° C. The catalyst thus prepared may be used in a process for preparing maleic anhydride.

Abstract: The patent application relates to a method of producing a monomer component from a genetically modified polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biomass, wherein the biomass is heated in the presence of a catalyst to release a monomer component from the PHA.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a vanadium/phosphorus oxide catalyst by (i) preparing a catalyst precursor powder containing vanadium, phosphorus and an optional promoter element; (ii) converting the catalyst precursor powder into an activated catalyst by heat treatment; (iii) and compressing the activated catalyst into a desired shape to form the vanadium/phosphorus oxide catalyst. The vanadium/phosphorus oxide catalyst may be used in the production of maleic anhydride by the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon feed streams.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for manufacturing maleic anhydride that comprising the following steps: a) fermentation of renewable raw materials and optionally purification to produce a mixture comprising at least butanol; b) oxidation of the butanol to maleic anhydride at a temperature generally between 300° C. to 600° C., using a catalyst based on oxides of vanadium and/or molybdenum; c) isolation of the maleic anhydride obtained at the end of step b). It also relates to the maleic anhydride obtained from renewable raw materials, to the copolymers and compositions comprising said maleic anhydride and also uses of use of this maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Finely distributed copolymer waxes, which are in particular suitable as additives for lacquers, produced by a) reacting long-chained olefin hydrocarbons chain lengths being greater than or equal to 28 C-atoms with unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or the anhydrides thereof in the presence of at least one radical initiator and b) subsequent micronization by milling or spraying, characterized in that the particles of the milled or sprayed copolymer waxes are less than 50 ?m, preferably less than 40 ?m, particularly preferably less than 30 ?m 98 to 99 are preferred, 5% of the particles, in particular 99.5 to 100% of the particles less than 50 ?m, preferably less than 40 ?m, particularly preferably less than 30 ?m.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose improved micro-pore catalyst structures containing catalytic material comprised of mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus and using such improved micro-pore catalyst structures for the production of maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include improved shaped catalyst structures containing catalytic material comprised of mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus and using such shaped catalyst structures for the production of maleic anhydride.

Abstract: What is described is a method for starting a gas phase oxidation reactor that contains a bed of a first catalyst whose active material comprises a catalytically active silver-vanadium oxide bronze, and at least one bed of a second catalyst whose catalytically active material comprises vanadium pentoxide and titanium dioxide, and whose temperature is controllable by means of a heat transfer medium. In the operating state, a gas stream which comprises a loading cop of a hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is passed through the reactor over the bed of the first and second catalyst at a temperature Top of the heat transfer medium. For the startup, a) a gas stream is passed through the reactor with a starting loading c0 which is less than cop, and at a starting temperature T0 of the heat transfer medium which is less than Top, and b) the temperature of the heat transfer medium is brought to Top and the loading of the gas stream to cop.

Abstract: A process for decreasing fumaric acid deposits in the preparation of maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation of a hydrocarbon with molecular oxygen, in which the maleic anhydride is absorbed from the crude product mixture in an absorbent in an absorption column and desorbed again in a desorption column, the entirety or a portion of the absorbent depleted in maleic anhydride, for controlled precipitation of fumaric acid, being cooled and/or concentrated by evaporating a portion of the absorbent to such an extent that the difference between the concentration of fumaric acid in the recycle stream at the outlet of the desorption column under the conditions existing there and the equilibrium concentration of fumaric acid according to the solubility curve after the cooling and/or evaporation of a portion of the absorbent is greater than or equal to 250 ppm by weight, and the fumaric acid precipitated as a solid is removed completely or partly from the absorbent recycling system and the fumaric acid-

Abstract: An ammonia converter and method are disclosed. The reactor can alter the conversion of ammonia by controlling the reaction temperature of the exothermic reaction along the length of the reactor to parallel the equilibrium curve for the desired product. The reactor 100 can comprise a shell 101 and internal catalyst tubes 109. The feed gas stream enters the reactor, flows through the shell 101, and is heated by indirect heat exchange with the catalyst tubes 109. The catalyst tubes 109 comprise reactive zones 122 having catalyst and reaction limited zones 124 that can comprise inert devices that function to both separate the reactive zones, increase heat transfer area, and reduce the temperature of the reaction mixture as the effluent passes through the catalyst tube 109.

Abstract: A process for reacting in a fluid bed reactor at least one oxidisable reactant with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalytically active fluidised bed of solid particles. In the process a molecular oxygen-containing gas having an oxygen concentration greater than that of air is introduced into the fluidised bed whilst the fluidised bed is maintained in a turbulent regime. The process is suitable for oxidation, ammoxidation and carboxylation processes, including the production of maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile, ethylene, acetic acid and vinyl acetate.

Abstract: What is described is a process for obtaining maleic anhydride by distillation from a solution of maleic anhydride in a high-boiling absorbent which has been obtained by gas phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon and at least partial absorption of the oxidation products into the absorbent, by i) introducing the solution into the side of a feed column with a rectifying section disposed above the feed point and a stripping section disposed below the feed point, ii) providing an upper combining column which communicates with the upper end of the rectifying section and a lower combining column which communicates with the lower end of the stripping section, iii) providing a draw column which communicates with the upper combining column and the lower combining column, iv) drawing maleic anhydride off as a side draw from the draw column, and drawing off compounds having a lower boiling point than maleic anhydride at the top of the upper combining column and the high-boiling absorbent at the bottom of the lower combining c

Abstract: What is proposed is an apparatus for automatic catalyst exchange in a plurality of process steps in the catalyst tubes of a reactor with a bundle of catalyst tubes, which are welded in or rolled in between an upper tube plate and a lower tube plate in longitudinal direction of the reactor, and welded tight, comprising a tool carrier device, which is arranged so as to be mobile in a plane above and parallel to the upper tube plate, and which can be equipped with an exchangeable tool for each process step, the exchangeable tool being mobile together with the tool carrier device in the plane above and parallel to the upper tube plate and also vertically, in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the reactor, and being able to access each individual catalyst tube with control by means of a control unit, the position of the longitudinal axis of each individual catalyst tube being measured or calculated and recorded in the control unit in a position database.

Abstract: The present invention provides a disinfectant comprising as an active ingredient maleic acid and/or maleic anhydride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shaped catalyst body for preparing maleic anhydride, which comprises mixed oxides of vanadium and of phosphorus as catalyst components. To develop a generic shaped catalyst body further so that it has improved properties, it is proposed that the basic geometric body enveloping the shaped catalyst body (100; 200) be a prism (180) having a first triangular face and a second triangular face and the shaped catalyst body (100; 200) be provided with three through openings (111, 121, 131; 211, 221, 231) which extend from a first face of the shaped body (100; 200) which contacts the first triangular face of the prism (180) to a second face of the shaped body (100; 200) which contacts the second triangular face of the prism (180).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preventing fumaric acid deposits in the preparation of maleic anhydride, comprising the following steps: a) absorption of a C4-dicarboxylic acid or of a derivative from a crude product mixture into an organic solvent or water as an absorbent, b) removal of the C4-dicarboxylic acid or of a derivative from the absorbent, the absorbent thus recovered being catalytically hydrogenated fully or partly and recycled fully or partly into the absorption stage (a).

Abstract: A method of preparing a sultine of formula (V) from a dihalogeno compound of formula (IV) is provided. The method comprises reacting the dihalogeno compound (IV) with a hydroxymethanesulfinate salt in a DMSO solvent, wherein: R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-20alkyl, C1-20alkoxy, amino, C1-20alkylamino, di(C1-20alkyl)amino, halogen, cyano, thiol, C1-20alkylthio, nitro, C1-20alkylcarboxy, C1-20alkylcarbonyl, C1-20alkoxycarbonyl, C1-20alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-20alkylcarbonylamino, C5-20aryl, C5-20arylalkyl, C5-20arylalkoxy, C5-20heteroaryl, C5-20heteroaryloxy, C5-20heteroarylalkoxy or C5-20heteroarylalkyl; and X is Cl, Br or I.

Abstract: A process for charging a longitudinal section of a catalyst tube with a homogeneous fixed catalyst bed section whose active composition is at least one multielement oxide or comprises elemental silver on an oxidic support body and whose geometric shaped catalyst bodies and shaped inert bodies have a specific inhomogeneity of their longest dimensions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating off maleic anhydride from a gas stream comprising maleic anhydride, in which a) the gas stream comprising maleic anhydride is brought into contact with a liquid absorbent phase comprising at least one high-boiling inert absorption medium for maleic anhydride and b) maleic anhydride is separated off from the resulting liquid absorbate phase by stripping with a hydrogen-comprising gas as stripping medium in a column, wherein the stripping medium is fed in at two points on the column which are at least one theoretical plate apart.

Abstract: A process for preparing maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of an n-butene-containing hydrocarbon stream by means of oxygen-containing gases in a shell-and-tube reactor having two successive reaction zones, where the first, feed-side reaction zone contains at least one catalyst which is suitable for the oxydehydrogenation of n-butenes to 1,3-butadiene and the second, product-side reaction zone contains at least one catalyst which is suitable for the oxidation of 1,3-butadiene to maleic anhydride, is carried out using a shell-and-tube reactor which has at least one heat transfer medium circuit in the region of the first, feed-side reaction zone and at least one further heat transfer medium circuit in the region of the second, product-side reaction zone.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for producing maleic anhydride comprising an azeotropic distillation step to dehydrate a crude maleic acid-containing aqueous solution, which method is characterized by as an azeotropic solvent (1) using an organic solvent exhibiting a maximum dissolving concentration of the organic solvent in water in the range of 0.1-5% by weight at a temperature of 20° C. According to this invention, it is made possible to prevent the occurrence of a blocking substance, allow a continuous operation for a long time, and remove by-produced acid components by a process of distillation for azeotropic dehydration.

Abstract: Active vanadium/phosphorus mixed oxide catalyst for the conversion of non-aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g., n-butane, into maleic anhydride. The catalyst is prepared from the catalyst precursor, that is, prepared by the reaction of a source of vanadium in an organic medium in the presence of a phosphorus source. The organic medium is (a) isobutyl alcohol or a mixture of isobutyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol and (b) a polyol. The catalyst precurso is transformed into the active catalyst by an activation process that includes a heat treatment that includes applying a temperature of up to 600° C.

Abstract: In a process for purifying an organic solvent for the absorption of maleic anhydride from a gaseous mixture, in which the maleic anhydride is separated off from the solvent, a substream is taken from the solvent stream, this substream is distilled and returned to the solvent circuit, the proposed improvement comprises separating off a low-boiling fraction and a high-boiling fraction from the fraction consisting essentially of purified solvent and feeding the fraction consisting essentially of purified solvent back into the solvent stream.

Abstract: A process for burning in a combustion chamber an exhaust gas containing oxygen and a combustible component, which exhaust gas originates from the heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of an inorganic or organic compound, by heating the exhaust gas to a temperature in the range from 200° C. to a temperature which corresponds to the hottest temperature in the heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation and is above 200° C. and feeding the exhaust gas at this temperature to the burner head.

Abstract: In a process for purifying an organic solvent for the absorption of maleic anhydride from a gaseous mixture, in which the maleic anhydride is separated off from the solvent, a substream is taken from the solvent stream, this substream is distilled and returned to the solvent circuit, the proposed improvement comprises separating off a low-boiling fraction and a high-boiling fraction from the fraction consisting essentially of purified solvent and feeding the fraction consisting essentially of purified solvent back into the solvent stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluidized bed reactor wherein the average cross-sectional area occupied by a cooling coil, a dummy pipe and/or a cyclone leg is 10% or more of the average cross-sectional area of said reactor in a dense-phase fluidized catalyst bed region. The fluidized bed reactor in the present invention allows an improved fluidization of catalyst and thus allows an efficient reaction of a hydrocarbon with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a vanadium phosphate catalyst comprising treatment of a vanadium compound with formic acid, water and a phosphorus compound.

Abstract: A process is described for the co-production of maleic anhydride and at least one C4 compound selected from butane-1,4-diol, &ggr;-butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran in which maleic anhydride is produced by partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock selected from C4 hydrocarbons and benzene to yield a vaporous reaction effluent stream comprising maleic anhydride, water, unconverted hydrocarbon feedstock, and carbon oxides. A part of the maleic anhydride present in the vaporous reaction effluent stream is condensed to form a crude maleic anhydride stream and leave a residual vaporous stream containing residual amounts of maleic anhydride. Further maleic anhydride is absorbed from the residual vaporous stream by absorption in an organic solvent, water or an aqueous solution. Maleic anhydride is then recovered from the loaded liquid absorptions medium.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising organic anhydrides having a reduced tendency to discolor with time, even when held at elevated temperatures for extended times. The compositions are produced by mixing at least one acid halide and various derivatives of hydroxy carboxylic acids with an anhydride to form a homogenous solution. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides lipidized conjugates comprising an amino group-containing biologically active substance and a lipophilic group capable of penetrating a biological membrane. Under neutral or mildly acidic conditions, including those found in vivo, the free amino group-containing biologically active substance is released from the conjugate by hydrolysis of an amide bond. The present invention is also directed to methods of preparing lipidizing agents and lipidized conjugates, pharmaceutical compositions comprising lipidized conjugates and methods of increasing the delivery of amino group-containing substances into a cell. Preferred amino group-containing substances include peptides, proteins and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for producing maleic anhydride comprising an azeotropic distillation step to dehydrate a crude maleic acid-containing aqueous solution, which method is characterized by as an azeotropic solvent (1) using an organic solvent exhibiting a maximum dissolving concentration of the organic solvent in water in the range of 0.1-5% by weight at a temperature of 20° C. According to this invention, it is made possible to prevent the occurrence of a blocking substance, allow a continuous operation for a long time, and remove by-produced acid components by a process of distillation for azeotropic dehydration.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of maleic anhydride by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation in a reactor with feed for the reaction mixture at one end of the reactor and discharge of the product mixture at the opposite end of the reactor, and with devices for dissipating the heat of reaction which are arranged in the reactor interior and through which a heat-exchange medium flows and which are designed as heat-exchanger plates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing a partially oxidized organic compound, e.g., an unsaturated aldehyde/carboxylic acid having three or more carbon atoms, or an organic acid anhydride/nitrile compound having four or more carbon atoms. This method requires a catalyst prepared by treating a carrier in such a manner that water used in the treatment achieves specific resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of maleic anhydride, which comprises: reacting a hydrocarbon with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst; recovering maleic anhydride from the reaction gas; recovering unreacted hydrocarbon from the remaining gas; and returning the hydrocarbon thus recovered to the reactor for re-use, wherein said reaction is effected under the conditions such that the hydrocarbon concentration X (vol %) and oxygen concentration Y (vol) in all the gases to be fed into the reactor, the hydrocarbon conversion Z (t) in the reactor and the oxygen concentration W (vol %) in all the effluent gases from the reactor satisfy the following relationships:

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the separation of maleic anhydride from the maleic anhydride-containing reactor offgases from the preparation of maleic anhydride by the oxidation of hydrocarbons, in which this gas stream is brought into contact with a high-boiling, inert absorbent for maleic anhydride and maleic anhydride is separated from the resultant liquid absorbate phase by vapor stripping, where the stripping agent used is an alcohol, and at least some of the maleic anhydride is reacted with the alcohol to give the ester.

Abstract: A process for producing maleic anhydride is described, which comprises (i) reacting a hydrocarbon with oxygen in a vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst to yield a reaction mixture gas containing maleic anhydride, (ii) bringing the reaction mixture gas into contact with an organic solvent to collect the maleic anhydride in the organic solvent, (iii) separating at least part of the maleic anhydride from the organic solvent, (iv) washing with an aqueous alkali solution at least part of the organic solvent from which maleic anhydride has been separated, and (v) reusing the resultant washed organic solvent and the residual organic solvent for contact with the reaction mixture gas.

Abstract: Processes for the purification and color stabilization of crude maleic anhydride by distillation in a batch or continuous distillation column.

Abstract: In producing maleic anhydride by catalytic oxidation of n-butane in vapor phase using oxygen or enriched air as oxidation medium, the reaction mixture consists of butane, oxygen and a recycling exhaust gas recovered from the absorption stage by a solvent of the maleic anhydride produced in the reaction. In the instant process the carbon monoxide and the carbon dioxide concentration in the reactor mixture are held to on optimum level by performing the reaction on a suitable V.P.O. catalyst, and by feeding to the recycling gases, in addition to butane and oxygen, a carbon dioxide rich gas stream.The carbon dioxide rich gas stream can be produced either by selective absorption and desorption of carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream purged from the recycling exhaust gases or by selective separation on membranes of a carbon dioxide rich stream from the purge gas stream, or by selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide of a gaseous stream purged from the recycling exhaust gases.

Abstract: A process for producing anhydrides by passing a solution of the acid, preferably an organic polyacid, which is to undergo anhydridation over an acidified clay and a process for producing the catalysts therefor.

Abstract: Processes for the purification and color stabilization of crude maleic anhydride by distillation in a batch or continuous distillation column.

Abstract: A process is described for the co-production of maleic anhydride and at least one C4 compound selected from butane-1,4-diol, ?-butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran in which maleic anhydride is produced by partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock selected from C4 hydrocarbons and benzene to yield a vaporous reaction effluent stream comprising maleic anhydride, water, unconverted hydrocarbon feedstock, and carbon oxides. A part of the maleic anhydride present in the vaporous reaction effluent stream is condensed to form a crude maleic anhydride stream and leave a residual vaporous stream containing residual amounts of maleic anhydride. Further maleic anhydride is absorbed from the residual vaporous stream by absorption in an organic solvent, water or an aqueous solution. Maleic anhydride is then recovered from the loaded liquid absorptions medium.