Abstract: A new class of novel, biologically active sesquiterpene compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods of producing the compounds and compositions and methods of using them are disclosed. This new class of compounds have the generic formulae: ##STR1## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 =H or lower alkyl.

Abstract: A novel complex designated herein as rigolettone complex is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces aburaviensis strain C-38,242 (ATCC 39290). The complex and its purified bioactive components, jildamycin and mantuamycin, exhibit antitumor activity in mouse tumor systems.

Abstract: A purified isolate of an actinomycete identified as ATCC 39366 is capable of producing the anti-microbial compound CL-1957A which also exhibits antitumor properties.The antimicrobial compound CL-1957A is produced by cultivating isolate ATCC 39366 under aerobic conditions in a culture medium containing assimilable sources of carbon and nitrogen until a substantial quantity of the CL-1957A compound is produced, and subsequently isolating the CL-1957A compound.The antibiotic compound CL-1957A and pharmaceutical compositions comprising this substance together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is also disclosed, as are methods of treating microbial infections and tumors in mammals, employing these pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A purified isolate of an actinomycete identified as ATCC 39366 is capable of producing the antimicrobial compound CL-1957E which also exhibits antitumor properties.The antimicrobial compound CL-1957E is produced by cultivating isolate ATCC 39366 under aerobic conditions in a culture medium containing assimilable sources of carbon and nitrogen until a substantially quantity of the CL-1957E compound is produced, and subsequently isolating the CL-1957E compound.The antibiotic compound CL-1957E and pharmaceutical compositions comprising this substance together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is also disclosed, as are methods of treating microbial infections and tumors in mammals, employing these pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Processes for producing a (1.alpha., 4.alpha., 5.alpha.)-6,6-dimethyl-4-halo-substituted methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one and its novel intermediates from known and inexpensive starting materials are described and exemplified.

Abstract: Novel pyranone compounds and related compounds, methods of preparing the compounds, and their use as cytotoxic and/or antileukemic agents or precursors, are provided.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 3,4-dihydro-alpha-pyrones by the thermolysis of 5-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone in a liquid medium at temperatures between 300.degree. and 400.degree. C. and in the presence of aluminosilicates as catalysts is disclosed. The dihydropyrone that forms is distilled out of the reaction medium together with the reaction water immediately after its formation. Heat transfer oils, including, for example, polynuclear aromatic compounds joined together by methylene bridges or other bridge groupings, are especially suitable as heat transfer oils. The method has the advantage of permitting the temperature to be regulated within a definable range so that secondary reactions due to local overheating or imprecise temperature control occur to only a limited degree if at all.

Abstract: The following process steps are shown: ##STR1## Intermediates I, II and IV are new. End product III is known, useful as an intermediate in the manufacture of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs.

Abstract: Synthetic analogs of the marine natural product manoalide include 3,7-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-11-methyl-13-(2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohexe nyl)-2,6,10-tridecatrienoic acid .gamma.-lactone, manoalide .delta.-lactone, manoalide .delta.-lactone acetate and dehydro-seco-manoalide.The method of treating mammals including humans in need of a drug having analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory activity comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a synthetic analog of manoalide.

Abstract: A group of retinoids having "vitamin A type" activity which have the structure ##STR1## wherein R3 is a trimethylcyclohexenylethylene, tetramethyltetrahydronaphthalene or methoxytrimethylphenylethylene group;R1 and R2 which are different are selected from --OH, --OR4 and --NHR, provided one of R1 and R2 is OH; R4 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons; and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, alkylhydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, phenyl, hydroxyphenyl and carboxyphenyl, and R5 is a lactone or lactam of the structure ##STR2## and X is oxygen or NR where R is as above, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: There are disclosed and claimed substituted cyclic lactones and process for preparation thereof. In particular, there are disclosed substituted cyclic lactones having alkyl substituents on the ring, especially such lactones having substituents on the ring of which two on the same carbon atom.Additionally, the invention herein disclosed and claimed relates to a process for the preparation of lactones by heating a six-membered hydroxy substituted lactone in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: There are described novel dyes of the formulae ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the nitrogen atom, and optionally with the inclusion of further hetero atoms, can also form a 5- to 7-membered heterocycle, or one of the radicals R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 can be linked with the carbon atoms, in the o-position with respect to the amino group, of the ring A to form a fused-on, saturated, unsubstituted or substituted 5- or 6- membered ring,X is .dbd.NR.sub.3, .dbd.NCOR.sub.4, ##STR2## .dbd.NH or .dbd.O, wherein R.sub.3 is alkyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl,R.sub.4 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, vinyl, alkoxy, phenoxy or amino, andR.sub.5 is cyano, carbalkoxy, or unsubstituted or substituted carbonamide, andR.sub.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY--(Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY-- (Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.