Abstract: Described is a microbiological method for producing the lactone, sclareolide having the structure: ##STR1## and a diol having the chemical structure: ##STR2## using a sclareol derivative having one of the structures: ##STR3## wherein a combination of two or more of the compounds as a substrate and using one of the microorganisms:Cryptococcus albidus, ATCC 20918Bensingtonia ciliata, ATCC 20919Cryptococcus laurentii, ATCC 20920 orCryptococcus albidus, ATCC 20921.

Abstract: Compounds of the Formula VII: ##STR1## Wherein: X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently selected from --H, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, carbamoyl, sulphamoyl, COOH and carboxylic acid ester;Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.2 are both --O--;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently selected from H, or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl group;R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are each independently --H, halogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.4 or R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 together with N atom and Ring B from a tetrahydroquinolinyl group; and R.sup.6 is selected from H, halogen or an optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy group and a group NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 in which each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently as hereinbefore described and where R.sup.6 is NR.sup.1 R.sup.2, R.sup.6 is the same or different form the NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 group present in Ring B.

Abstract: A three-step process is described for the preparation of a lignan of the formula ##STR1## This lignan is useful as an intermediate for the preparation of anti-asthmatic pyranylphenyl hydroxyalkylnaphthoic acids.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a polycyclic dye of the Formula (1): ##STR1## by reacting a substituted acetic acid of the Formula (2): ##STR2## with a compound of the Formula (3): ##STR3## and oxidation of the intermediate leuco compound to dehydrogenate the peripheral heterocyclic rings whereinY is an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic radical;Ring A is unsubstituted or is substituted by from one to five groups;Z is --NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 ;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H or are independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently together with the nitrogen to which they are attached and the adjacent carbon atom of Ring B form a heterocyclic ring; andX.sup.1 and X.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of certain polycyclic dyes and in particularly the preparation of a polycyclic dye of Formula I: ##STR1## By reacting a phenyltartronic acid of Formula II: ##STR2## With either a compound of Formula III: ##STR3## or a compound of Formula IV: ##STR4##

Abstract: A compound having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A is --CH.sub.2 --, --O--, or --S--; R.sup.1 is CH.sub.3 or OCH.sub.3 ; R.sup.2 is hydroxy or carboxy which may be optionally esterized or amidated; R.sup.3 is H or a lower alkyl; and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for converting 1,4 and 1,5 aliphatic saturated diols to lactones is disclosed wherein the diol is reacted with a chemical oxidizing agent and a ruthenium containing catalyst at temperatures substantially less than 200.degree. C. The reaction proceeds quickly and produces high yields of the desired product.

Abstract: Castanospermine is prepared by starting from 5-(t-BOC)amino-5-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-.alpha.-D-glucuronolactone. Two additional carbons are added to the starting material using ethyl acetate and a strong base and the resulting cyclic hemiketal is subjected to a series of reductions, with intervening removal of protecting groups, to give the castanospermine. A substituted hydroxypyrrolidinone and a substituted hydroxypyrrolidine serve as intermediates in the process.

Abstract: Compounds of the Formula VII: ##STR1## wherein; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently selected from H, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, carbamoyl, sulphamoyl, COOH and carboxylic acid ester;Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are both --O--;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently selected from H, or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl group; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the N atom to which they are attached, form a heterocycle;R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are each independently selected from E, halogen, or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy group orR.sup.1 and R.sup.4 or R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 together with the N atom and the two carbon atoms in Ring B to which they are attached form a heterocycle fused to Ring B; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.7 or R.sup.2 and R.sup.8 together with the N atom and the two carbon atoms in Ring A to which they are attached form a heterocycle fused to Ring A; orR.sup.

Abstract: A heterocyclic compound of the formula, ##STR1## wherein A and B are each hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy, Y is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or --O--R.sup.2 --X--R.sup.1, or Y and B are taken together with each other to form methylenedioxy, R.sup.1 is alkyl, phenyl or alkenyl, R.sup.2 is unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, and X is --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO.sub.2 -- or ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl, with the proviso that R.sup.1 is C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 alkyl or alkenyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl when R.sup.2 is unsubstituted ethylene or propylene, respectively, X is --O-- or --S--, and Y and B don't form methylenedioxy, which is useful for dyeing or printing hydrophobic fiber materials with superior dyeability to give a dyed or printed product of a red color excellent in fastness properties, particularly those such as washing fastness.

Abstract: Castanospermine is prepared by starting from 5-(t-BOC)amino-5-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-.alpha.-D-glucuronolactone. Two additional carbons are added to the starting material using ethyl acetate and a strong base and the resulting cyclic hemiketal is subjected to a series of reductions, with intervening removal of protecting groups, to give the castanospermine. A substituted hydroxypyrrolidinone and a substituted hydroxypyrrolidine serve as intermediates in the process.

Abstract: A novel biphenyl derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ring A is a substituted or unsubstituted sulfur-containing or oxygen-containing heteromonocyclic ring; Ring B is a ring of the formula: ##STR2## each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 is hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a lower alkoxy group, or R.sup.1 is hydrogen atom, and R.sup.2 and R.sub.3 are combined together to form a lower alkylenedioxy group; R.sup.4 is a lower alkyl group which may have a substituent selected from a lower alkoxy group and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group; Y is methylene group or carbonyl group, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are disclosed. Said derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for hepatic diseases.

Abstract: A compound of the chemical formula ##STR1## wherein n is 1 or 2, X is NH and O, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12) alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkenyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkynyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)acyl, (C.sub.6 -C.sub.12)aryl or (C.sub.7 -C.sub.21)alkylaryl, salts thereof and a composition thereof. In vivo and in vitro methods of inhibiting the growth of a virus relying on the effect of the above compound. In vitro and in vivo methods of inhibiting the growth of the HIV-1 virus comprising administering a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein n is 1 or 2, X is NH or O, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently of one another H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkenyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkynyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)acyl, (C.sub.6 -C.sub.12)aryl or (C.sub.7 -C.sub.21)alkylaryl, R.sup.3 is C.dbd.N or COR.sup.5, wherein R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12) alkyl, alenyl or alkynyl, HO, NH.sub.2 and (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12) alkoxy, and R.sup.

Abstract: There is provided a novel and efficient stereoselective total synthesis of epipodophyllotoxin and related epipodophyllotoxin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each are independently hydrogen or (lower)alkoxy, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, taken together, is methylenedioxy; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 each are independently hydrogen or (lower)alkoxy; and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a phenol-protecting group; or an acid addition salt thereof. The present invention also provides novel intermediates and processes for the preparation of said intermediates, which are then converted into known antineoplastic agents.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing a naphthalene derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a lower alkoxycarbonyl group or both may combine to form a group of the formula ##STR2## one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom or a lower alkoxy group and the other is a lower alkoxy group; ring A is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, which is useful as a hypolipidemic agent, and a novel intermediate of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and ring A are the same as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention provides new compound, 10-substituted-5,9-dioxatricyclo[6.4.0.0.sup.2,6 ]dodecane-4-one, which is very useful as an intermediate for prostaglandin synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention provides new compound, 10-substituted-5,9-dioxatricyclo[6.4.0.0.sup.2,6 ]dodecane-4-one, which is very useful as an intermediate for prostaglandin synthesis.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently --O--, --S-- or --NR.sup.5 -- in which R.sup.5 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an acyl group;X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, aryl, carbamoyl, sulphamoyl, carboxy or carboxylic acid ester;R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted aryl radical;A is an optionally substituted alkyl radical or a radical of the formula:R.sup.2 --(CH.dbd.CH).sub.n --in whichR.sup.2 is an optionally substituted aryl or heterocyclic radical, andn has a value of 1 or 2.The compounds are useful as dyes for synthetic textile materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to indenofuran derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R stands for H or for a ##STR2## group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring by Alk, OH or OAlk, Alk being a lower straight or branched alkyl group up to C.sub.5, to the preparation of these compounds and to therapeutic compositions containing the same in the field of anaphylaxis.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of oxophthalazinyl acetic acids having benzothiazole or other heterocyclic side chains comprising reacting an oxophthalizinyl acetic acid ester with an aniline derivative is disclosed. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of such oxopthalizinyl esters.

Abstract: Naphthalene derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen atom or a lower alkoxycarbonyl and R.sup.2 is a lower alkoxycarbonyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are combined together to form a group of the formula: ##STR2## each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a lower alkoxy, or one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom and the other is a lower alkoxy, andRing A is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are disclosed. Said naphthalene derivative (I) and its salt have excellent hypolipidemic activity and are useful for treatment or prophylaxis of hyperlipidemia and/or arteriosclerosis.

Abstract: Hydroxy aryl carboxylic acids are formed by reacting a hydroxy aryl compound, such as phenol, with a ketone, such as acetone and carbon monoxide in the presence of a strong acid. The preferred embodiment is the one step formation of 2-methyl-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid from phenol, acetone and carbon monoxide in the presence of hydrofluoric acid. When this reaction is conducted in the presence of methanol the corresponding methyl ester is formed.

Abstract: Naphthalene derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen atom or a lower alkoxycarbonyl andR.sup.2 is a lower alkoxycarbonyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are combined together to form a group of the formula: ##STR2## each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a lower alkoxy, or one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom and the other is a lower alkoxy, andRing A is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are disclosed. Said naphthalene derivative (I) and its salt have excellent hypolipidemic activity and are useful for treatment or prophylaxis of hyperlipidemia and/or arteriosclerosis.

Abstract: A preparation for pharmaceutical use, especially in the treatment of migraine, arthritis and bronchial complaints contains a sesquiterpene lactone and is recovered from the plant Tanacetum parthenium by extraction using a pharmaceutically acceptable oil.

Abstract: There is provided a novel and efficient stereoselective total synthesis of epipodophyllotoxin and related epipodophyllotoxin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each are independently hydrogen or (lower)alkoxy, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, taken together, is methylenedioxy; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 each are independently hydrogen or (lower)alkoxy; and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a phenol-protecting group; or an acid addition salt thereof. The present invention also provides novel intermediates and processes for the preparation of said intermediates, which are then converted into known antineoplastic agents.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula: ##STR1## are antagonists of leukotrienes of C.sub.4, D.sub.4 and E.sub.4, the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. These compounds are useful as anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agents.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently - O -, - S - or - NR.sup.5 - in which R.sup.5 is H or an optionally-substituted hydrocarbon group or an acyl group;X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are selected from H, halogen, cyano, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy, aryl, carbamoyl, sulphamoyl, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester;R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are each independently selected from H, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 -alkenyl, halogen and the group - X - Y;X is - O - or - S -; andY is C.sub.2-10 -alkenyl provided that,the substituents on rings A and B are different when Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are the same or that Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are different when the substituents on rings A and B are the same,which is suitable for the coloration of synthetic textile materials and processes for its preparation.

Abstract: Novel ethers of organic compounds containing chiral atoms of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a hydrocarbonated chain of 1 to 10 groups, the said chain containing one or more heteroatoms, one or more unsaturations, the assembly of the groups constituting the chain may represent a mono- or polycyclic system, including a system of the spiro or endo type, the chain A can contain one or more chiral atoms or the lactone moiety can present a chirality due to the dissymetric spatial configuration of the whole of the molecule and Z is selected from the group consisting of primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol moiety containing at least an asymetric carbon atom, a phenol moiety substituted comprising at least one asymetric carbon atom and a substituted alcohol or phenol moiety with a chirality due to the dissymetric spatial configuration of the whole of the molecule, with the proviso Z is not (R) or (S) .alpha.

Abstract: A novel hetero-polycyclic compound of the following formula, a method for its preparation and its use in the coloration of textile materials: ##STR1## wherein, Z.sup.1 & Z.sup.2 are each independently --O--, --S-- or --NR.sup.5 -- in which R.sup.5 is H or an optionally-substituted hydrocarbon group or an acyl group;X.sup.1 & X.sup.2 are selected from H, halogen, cyano, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy, aryl, carbamoyl, sulphamoyl, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester;R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are each independently selected from H, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 -alkenyl, halogen and the group --X--Y;X is --O-- or --S--; andY is a group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein: V & W are each independently H or optionally substituted alkyl;p is an integer from 1 to 3;q is 0 or 1;p+q is at least 2; andZ is OR.sup.6 or NR.sup.6 R.sup.7 when q=1;or Z is OR.sup.8 or SR.sup.8 when q=0;wherein:R.sup.

Abstract: There is provided a novel and efficient stereoselective total synthesis of epipodophyllotoxin and related epipodophyllotoxin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each are independently hydrogen or (lower)alkoxy, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, taken together, is methylenedioxy; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 each are independently hydrogen or (lower)alkoxy; and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a phenol-protecting group; or an acid addition salt thereof. The present invention also provides novel intermediates and processes for the preparation of said intermediates, which are then converted into known antineoplastic agents.

Abstract: A copolymer formed from an isoimide oligomer and another compound, such as an aryl sulfone, each of which has reactive functional terminal groups, such as ethylenic or acetylenic groups. The isoimide oligomer is soluble in the other compound, unreactive with the compound below a certain temperature and forms a liquid blend therewith. Upon heating the liquid blend above that certain temperature, the terminal groups on the isoimide oligomer and the other compound react with each other to form a copolymer. The liquid blends may be used to form encapsulants, coatings, films, and resin matrices for composites to provide resins with excellent high temperature properties.

Abstract: Hydroquinones of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is the residue of a 5- or 6-membered ring, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, R.sub.1,R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen or alkyl and R.sub.6 is hydrogen or a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein X and R.sub.1 are as defined above, are of use as protected developing agents in photographic silver halide material.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 8,12-epoxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdane by way of converting farnesyl bromide to farnesyl cyanide, followed by the saponification of the farnesyl cyanide to homofarnesic acid which is then cyclized to norambreinolide in the presence of titanium tetrachloride, converting the norambreinolide with LiAlH.sub.4 to 8-hydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdane-12-ol, and cyclization of the diol in the presence of POCl.sub.3 to 8,12-epoxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdane. The resulting product exhibits an amber scent, used in perfumery.

Abstract: Processes for forming a class of relatively low molecular-weight oligomers containing at least one isoimide group and terminal groups capable of undergoing an addition polymerization reaction are provided. These oligomers are characterized by excellent solubility in common solvents and a melting temperature considerably lower than their cure temperature, thus enabling the oligomers to be formed into cured polymers more slowly and at lower temperatures, all without the evolution of deleterious gases. The process for forming these oligomers includes the formation of a polyamic acid and dehydration thereof under specified conditions to effect cyclization of the polyamic acid to form the isoimide-containing oligomer, without the formation of undesired side-reaction products.

Abstract: A class of relatively low molecular-weight oligomers containing at least one isoimide group and terminal groups capable of undergoing an addition polymerization reaction are provided. These oligomers are characterized by excellent solubility in common solvents and a melting temperature considerably lower than their cure temperature, thus enabling the oligomers to be formed into cured polymers more slowly and at lower temperatures, all without the evolution of deleterious gases. The oligomers of the present invention may be formed by reacting an aromatic dianhydride with an aromatic diamine, followed by reaction with a monoanhydride. The resulting product is dehydrated to form the isoimide-containing oligomer.

Abstract: A natural lignan of the 1-aryl-2-napthoic acid type and related compounds are disclosed. The compounds correspond to the formula ##STR1## and exhibit both insecticidal and antiviral activity.

Abstract: A class of relatively low molecular-weight oligomers containing at least one isoimide group and terminal groups capable of undergoing an addition polymerization reaction are provided. These oligomers are characterized by excellent solubility in common solvents and a melting temperature considerably lower than their cure temperature, thus enabling the oligomers to be formed into cured polymers more slowly and at lower temperatures, all without the evolution of deleterious gases. The oligomers of the present invention may be formed by reacting an aromatic dianhydride with an aromatic diamine, followed by reaction with a functional mono-amine. The resulting product is then dehydrated to form the isoimide-containing oligomer.

Abstract: A class of relatively low molecular-weight oligomers containing at least one isoimide group and terminal groups capable of undergoing an addition polymerization reaction. The oligomers of the present invention are characterized by excellent solubility in common solvents and a melting temperature considerably lower than their cure temperature, thus enabling the oligomers to be formed into cured polymers more slowly and at lower temperatures, all without the evolution of deletrious gases.

Abstract: This invention relates to 3,7-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)-3,7-bis(diphenylamino)pyromellitides, 3,5-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)-3,5-bis(diphenylamino)pyromellitides and mixtures thereof useful as color formers, particularly in carbonless duplicating and thermal marking systems, which are prepared by the interaction of 2,5-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)carbonyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acids or 2,4-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)carbonyl-1,5-benzenedicarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof with diphenylamines.

Abstract: Naturally occurring iridoids provide the starting material for a unique synthesis sequence to produce prostaglandin intermediates. The iridoid lactone is hydrogenated, converted to an acetal, and rings opened to introduce the carbonyl octenyl side chain in six steps. The intermediate can be converted to prostaglandin as previously demonstrated.

Abstract: This invention relates to 3,7-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)-3,7-bis(diphenylamino)pyromellitides, 3,5-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)-3,5-bis(diphenylamino)pyromellitides and mixtures thereof useful as color formers, particularly in carbonless duplicating and thermal marking systems, which are prepared by the interaction of 2,5-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)carbonyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acids or 2,4-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)carbonyl-1,5-benzenedicarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof with diphenylamines.