Abstract: There is described a process for the preparation of 5-carboxy phthalide, which comprises adding terephthalic acid to fuming sulfuric acid containing at least 20% of SO3, then adding formaldehyde to the mixture, heating the mixture at a temperature of 120-145° C. and isolating 5-carboxyphthalide from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The compound of formula 1 useful in the treatment of inflammation.

Abstract: A safe and effective process for the oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone via the reaction of said alcohol with an anhydride solution of a 1,1,1-tri(C2-C4 alkanoyloxy-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one, and a composition useful in this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing o-choromethyl benzenecarbonyl chlorides of formula (I), wherein R1-R4 can be the same or different and stand for hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, halogen or trifluoromnethyl, by converting benzocondensed lactones of formula (II), wherein R1-R4 have the aforementioned meaning, with gaseous or liquid phosgene and the dimers or trimers thereof.

Abstract: A process to isolate dianhydride from an exchange reaction comprises extracting a bisimide/anhydride exchange reaction aqueous phase with an organic solution comprising an exchange catalyst at a first temperature and pressure to form an extracted aqueous phase comprising water, exchange catalyst and a dianhydride precursor; removing water from the extracted aqueous phase at a second temperature and pressure to form a molten phase, wherein the second pressure is less than the first pressure; removing water and exchange catalyst from the molten phase at a third temperature and pressure to form an isolation mixture; and converting the dianhydride precursor in the isolation mixture to dianhydride at a fourth temperature and pressure, wherein the fourth temperature is greater than the second and third temperatures and the fourth pressure is less than the second and third pressures.

Abstract: There is described a process for the preparation of 5-carboxy phthalide, which comprises adding terephthalic acid to fuming sulfuric acid containing at least 20% of SO3, then adding formaldehyde to the mixture, heating the mixture at a temperature of 120-145° C. and isolating 5-carboxyphthalide from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): wherein R1 represents alkyl or ureido, R2 represents alkyl or hydrogen, or R1 and R2 together form a 5- or 6-membered ring, R3 represents CN, NO2, NRaR′a, NRaSO2R′a, NRaCZR5 or CZNRaR′a, R4 represents hydrogen or R3, and medicinal products containing the same which are useful in treating or preventing epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the novel isolated 12-30 strain of Pestalotiopsis microspora capable of producing novel antioxidant and antimycotic agents. The present invention also relates to the novel isolated 3,5,7 trisubstituted isobenzofuranone and derivatives thereof, methods of isolating the novel isobenzofuranone from cultures P. microspora 12-30, and to novel uses of the compound as an antioxidant and antimycotic agent. The present invention further relates to a novel 1,5,7 trisubstituted 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran and derivatives thereof, methods of isolating this novel compound from cultures of Pestalotiopsis microspora 12-30, and to uses thereof.

Abstract: The present application relates to new carboxylic acid amides of general formula wherein A, B and R1 to R3 are defined as in claim 1, processes for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and the use thereof and their preparation.

Abstract: On-spec phthalic anhydride is prepared by distillative purification of crude phthalic anhydride by a process in which crude phthalic anhydride is fed to a distillation column which is operated at reduced pressure, the low boilers are removed at the top or in the vicinity of the top of the distillation column and the on-spec phthalic anhydride is removed from the column via a side take-off.

Abstract: Mint lactone can be prepared by hydrogenating hydroxymenthofurolactone to give the intermediate dihydrohydroxymenthofurolactone with the subsequent elimination of water.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 5-cyanophthalide comprising treatment of a compound of formula IV 1

Abstract: There is described a process for the preparation of 5-carboxy phthalide, which comprises adding terephthalic acid to fuming sulfuric acid containing at least 20% of SO3, then adding formaldehyde to the mixture, heating the mixture at a temperature of 120-145° C. and isolating 5-carboxyphthalide from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention provides a new and improved method for the preparation of 5-cyano-phtalid, which is a key intermediate in the preparation of the antidepressant compound citalopram.

Abstract: 5-carboxyphthalide is obtained with very high purity and in high yields by a convenient process comprising reaction of terephthalic acid 1

Abstract: There is described a process for the preparation of 5-carboxy phthalide, which comprises adding terephthalic acid to fuming sulfuric acid containing at least 20% of SO3, then adding formaldehyde to the mixture, heating the mixture at a temperature of 120-145° C. and isolating 5-carboxyphthalide from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted &bgr;,&ggr;-fused lactones, to processes for their preparation and to their use for the prevention and/or treatment of disorders caused by hyper- or hypofunction of the glutamatergic system, in particular of cerebral ischaemias, craniocerebral trauma, states of pain or CNS-mediated spasms.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of the formula in which R1 is C1-4alkyl and (Y—X) is CH2, C1-2alkylthio-CH═ or C1-2alkyl-ON═ and Z is an aldimino or ketimino group, and to their preparation, as well as fungicidal compositions with such compounds as active substances. The compounds can be employed for controlling fungi in agriculture, in horticulture and in wood preservation.

Abstract: Xylene derivatives, such as chloro-ortho-xylene, are oxidized in a solvent in the presence of at least one metal catalyst and optionally at least one promoter. The product comprises chlorophthalic acid or chlorophthalic anhydride.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 5-cyanophthalide in which 5-carboxyphthalide is converted to the corresponding amide of Formula (IV) in which R is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, which is then reacted with a dehydrating agent thereby obtaining 5-cyanophthalide. The conversion of 5-carboxyphthalide to the corresponding amide of Formula (IV) may be carried out via the corresponding C1-6 alkyl or phenyl ester or the acid chloride, which is converted to the amide of Formula (IV) by amidation with ammonia or a C1-6 alkylamine. By the process 5-cyanophthalide, an important intermediate used in the preparation of the antidepressant citalopram, is prepared in high yields by a convenient, cost effective procedure.

Abstract: Phthalides in as-obtained phthalide synthesis reaction mixtures are recovered in pure form by (a) distilling compounds having a boiling point below the boiling point of the phthalide from the reaction mixture, provided such compounds are present in the reaction mixture, to obtain a crude phthalide as bottom product, (b) crystallizing the phthalide from a melt of the crude phthalide.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 5-cyanophthalide in which 5-carboxyphthalide is reacted with a dehydrating agent, such as thionylchloride, and a sulphonamide, in particular sulfamide. Cyanophthalide is prepared in high yields by a convenient procedure. 5-cyanophthalide is an intermediate used in the preparation of the antidepressant drug citalopram.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 5-cyanophthalide in which 5-carboxyphthalide is converted to the corresponding amide of Formula (IV) 1

Abstract: The invention described novel compounds of formula wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, as stabilizers for protecting organic materials, in particular polymers and lubricants, against thermal, oxidative or light-induced degradation.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions comprising a polycarbonate, polyester or polyketone which is subject to oxidative, thermal and/or light-induced degradation, or their mixtures and blends, and at least one benzofuran-2-one type compound, to the use thereof for stabilising polycarbonate, polyester or polyketone or their mixtures or blends against oxidative, thermal and/or light-induced degradation, as well as to a process for stabilising these plastic materials.

Abstract: This invention describes the new, nonsteroidal gestagens of general formula I in which A, B, Ar, R1, R2 and R3 have the meanings that are indicated in more detail in the description. The new compounds show a very great affinity to the gestagen receptor. They can be used alone or in combination with estrogens in contraceptive preparations. In addition, they can be used for treating endometriosis. Together with estrogens, they can also be used in preparations for treating gynecological disorders, for treating premenstrual symptoms and for substitution therapy. Based on the androgenic action, they can also be used for male birth control, male HRT and hormone therapy and for treating andrological disease agents.

Abstract: A process for preparing phthalides of the general formula I, ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, by hydrogenating phthalic anhydrides of the general formula II, ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each as defined above, with hydrogen in the presence of suspended catalysts of the Raney type in a hydrogenation apparatus by using a mixing apparatus to mix a liquid phase, which includes the catalyst and the phthalic anhydride used and resulting phthalide, and a gas phase, which includes the hydrogenating hydrogen, comprises using the mixing apparatus to introduce a mixing intensity of at least 50 W/l into the liquid phase.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing phthalides by cathodic reduction of phthalic acid or phthalic acid derivatives, in which the carboxylic acid units may be substituted by units which can be derived by a condensation reaction from carboxylic acid units and in which one or several hydrogen atoms of the o-phenylene unit of the phthalic acid may be substituted by inert radicals. This process is characterised in that the reduction is carried out in an organic solvent which contains less than 50 wt % water and in a non-divided electrolytic cell.

Abstract: The disclosure is a process for preparing a phthalide of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, by catalytic hydrogenation of a phthalic anhydride of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each as defined above, in a solvent, which comprises using said phthalide I, the reaction product of the catalytic hydrogenation, as solvent.

Abstract: The disclosure is a process for preparing a phthalide of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, by hydrogenation of a phthalic anhydride of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each as defined above, with the aid of a hydrogenation catalyst, which comprises performing the hydrogenation with the aid of a nickel catalyst doped with metals of subgroup 1, subgroup 6 and/or subgroup 7 of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: The disclosure is a process for purifying phthalide contaminated by carboxylic acids and/or their derivatives, which comprises adding polyethylene glycol and/or polypropylene glycol to the phthalide to be purified and then performing a fractional distillation.

Abstract: Compositions represented by the structures ##STR1## where Ar represents an aromatic group, each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group, at least one R having more than 12 carbon atoms, a is 1 to 4, and R' is hydrogen or alkyl, are useful as lubricant and fuel additives and as intermediates for the preparation of derivatives useful as such additives.

Abstract: The invention described novel compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, as stabilizers for protecting organic materials, in particular polymers and lubricants, against thermal, oxidative or light-induced degradation.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of the enol lactone of 2-oxocyclohexylidene acetic acid wherein(i) glyoxylic acid is allowed to react with cyclohexanone in the presence of a halogen acid in order to obtain a crude reaction product B1, then(ii) said crude reaction product B1 is allowed to react, after solubilisation in an organic solvent, in the presence of a strong acid soluble in said organic solvent or of strongly acid resins, in order to obtain the enol lactone of 2-oxocyclohexylidene acetic acid which is isolated if desired,and application to the preparation of 2-coumaranone.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, as stabilizers for protecting organic materials against thermal, oxidative or light-induced degradation.

Abstract: Carboxy-peptidyl compounds of Formula I are found to be useful inhibitors of matrix metalloendoproteinase-mediated diseases including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, tumor invasion in certain cancers, periodontal disease, corneal ulceration, proteinuria, dystrophobic epidermolysis bullosa, coronary thrombosis associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture, and aneurysmal aortic disease. This invention relates to a process of making the carboxy-peptidyl compounds of formula I.

Abstract: We describe the use of substituted (3H)-benzo?b!furan-2-ones, namely with alkyl groups, for the preparation of perfuming compositions and perfumed articles, to which these compounds impart odor notes of the lactonic, coumarinic and fruity, or yet musky, type.

Abstract: The reaction product of a hydroxyaromatic compound, at least some of the units of which are hydrocarbyl-substituted, a carboxy-substituted aldehyde, and an aldehyde other than a carboxy-substituted aldehyde, provides an additive for lubricants as well as an intermediate for further reaction with amines, alcohols, or neutralization to form a salt.

Abstract: Preparation process for 2-coumaranone in which glyoxylic acid, in vapor phase, is reacted with cyclohexanone, in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, which comprises reacting a compound of formula III ##STR2## wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, with a compound of formula IV[H].sub.n --R.sub.1 (IV).

Abstract: The disclosed derivatives of mycophenolic acid are therapeutic agents advantageous in the treatment of disease states indicated for mycophenolic acid and/or mycophenolate mofetil and other immunosuppressant agents.

Abstract: The disclosed derivatives of mycophenolic acid are therapeutic agents advantageous in the treatment of disease states indicated for mycophenolic acid and/or mycophenolate mofetil and other immunosuppressant agents.

Abstract: The invention described novel compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, as stabilisers for protecting organic materials, in particular polymers and lubricants, against thermal, oxidative or light-induced degradation.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another, are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 phenylalkyl, unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl-substituted phenyl, unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl-substituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 alkanoyloxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.25 alkenoyloxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.25 alkanoyloxy which is interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or >N--R.sub.16 ; C.sub.6 -C.sub.9 cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, benzoyloxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl-substituted benzoyloxy, where R.sub.16 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, or, furthermore, the radicals R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 or the radicals R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound form a phenyl ring, R.sub.4 is additionally --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --COR.sub.11, in which n is 0, 1 or 2, R.sub.11 is hydroxyl, ##STR2## R.sub.14 and R.sub.15, independently of one another, are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.

Abstract: Novel compounds of formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkaryl, R.sub.2 to R.sub.5 are independently hydrogen, chloro, alkyl phenylalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, amino or substituted amino, R.sub.6 is hydrogen, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are hydrogen or alkyl, R.sub.9 and R.sub.9 ' are hydrogen, alkyl or phenyl, and R.sub.10 is hydrogen or alkyl, are disclosed as stabilisers for protecting organic materials against thermal, oxidative or light-induced degradation.

Abstract: The present Invention includes synthetic steps and intermediates involved in the following reaction scheme a of converting compounds of Formula (II) to the diarylmethanes of Formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: Y is oxygen or sulfur;A, B, C, D, and E are carbon or 1, 2 or 3 of A, B, C, D, and E are independently nitrogen, and the others are carbon; andwhereinR.sup.1 through R.sup.10 are selected independently from the group consisting of: hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy alkyl, alkoxy alkyl, perhalo-alkyl, amino, nitro, nitrile, halo, carboxyl, sulfonyl, acyl, formyl, carbamoyl, trifluoromethyl, aminomethyl, azido, amido, hydrazino, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, or aryl or heteroaryl, mono, di, or tri substituted with one or more hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating polyamide fiber containing materials which process comprises applying a benzofuran-2-one compound to the material in order to enhance its moulding stability. In addition, compositions containing a fluorescent whitening agent and a benzofuran-2-one, and optionally one or more dyes, are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of phthalides of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another, are hydrogen, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkoxy, by reacting phthalic anhydrides of the formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined as above, on hydrogenation catalysts at from 50.degree. to 400.degree. C. and at from 1 to 400 bar, wherein the hydrogenation catalysts employed are essentially free from Lewis acids.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 phenylalkyl, A.sub.1 and A.sub.4 are phenyl, ##STR2## or phenyl which is substituted by 1 to 3 radicals R.sub.3, which radicals R.sub.3 are each independently of one another selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkenyloxy, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 phenylalkoxy, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkanoyloxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 alkenoyloxy, benzoyloxy, phenoxy and hydroxy, m is 1 or 2, A.sub.2 and A.sub.3, together with the linking carbon atom, form a C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkylidene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups, are very suitable for stabilising organic materials against thermal, oxidative or light-induced degradation.

Abstract: Pyran-containing phthalides of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, alkyl which has not more than 12 carbon atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, cyano, hydroxyl or lower alkoxy, or is cycloalkyl, phenalkyl or phenyl each of which is unsubstituted or substituted, or an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic radical, R' is hydrogen, or R together with R' is C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by methyl,X is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic radical and the ring A is a benzene or naphthalene ring which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxycarbonyl, and the ring B is an aromatic or heteroaromatic radical which has 6 ring atoms and which can contain an aromatic fused ring, it being possible for both the ring B and the fused ring to be substituted.