Abstract: New 5-hydroxy-2-furanone compounds having anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative activity and are useful in treating psoriasis and modifying calcium homeostasis.

Abstract: New furans and lactones from streptomycetes, a process for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof.It is possible with the aid of various streptomycetes species to prepared new compounds having a furan or lactone structure. These compounds have a pharmacological, especially antibiotic, action.

Abstract: Heterocyclic-alkylene quinoxalinyloxyphenoxypropanoate compounds having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein n, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined in the specification exhibit unexpectedly desirable selective herbicidal activity. Also disclosed are compositions comprising such compounds as well as a method of controlling the growth of undesirable plants employing such compounds.

Abstract: This invention encompasses novel analogs of Leukotriene B.sub.4 which are selected from a compound of formula I, B--C.apprxeq.C--CH.sub.2 C(M.sub.2)--C.apprxeq.C--Y--C(M.sub.1)--A, or formula II, B--C.apprxeq.C--CH.sub.2 C(M.sub.2)--C.apprxeq.C--P--R.sub.5 --A: wherein Y is: ##STR1## wherein P is: ##STR2## Patentable intermediates, process for making the novel analogs and intermediates and preparation of useful pharmacological agents comprising the analogs and intermediates are part of this invention.

Abstract: This invention provides smoking compositions which contains a 6-substituted hexahydrobenzofuranone flavorant additive.Under cigarette smoking conditions the flavorant additive enhances the aroma and flavor of the cigarette smoke.

Abstract: (S)-4-hydroxymethyl-.gamma.-lactone is prepared by oxidizing dihydrolevoglucosenone with a peracid in an organic solvent. (S)-4-hydroxymethyl-.gamma.-lactone is prepared from levoglucosenone. First, levoglucosenone is catalytic hydrogenated, thereby dihydrolevoglucosenone is obtained. Next, dihydrolevoglucosenone thus obtained is oxidized with a peracid in an organic solvent, thereby (S)-4-hydroxymethyl-.gamma.-lactone is obtained. In this manner, (S)-4-hydroxymethyl-.gamma.-lactone can be obtained with high optical purity.

Abstract: A method for converting 1,4 and 1,5 aliphatic saturated diols to lactones is disclosed wherein the diol is reacted with a chemical oxidizing agent and a ruthenium containing catalyst at temperatures substantially less than 200.degree. C. The reaction proceeds quickly and produces high yields of the desired product.

Abstract: R is a straight or branched chain C.sub.4 -C.sub.30 alkyl group, a straight or branched chain C.sub.4 -C.sub.30 alkyl group interrupted by one, two or three oxygen atoms or substituted by one, two or three hydroxy groups, a C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl group, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl group substituted by one, two or three C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl groups, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.13 aralkyl group or a C.sub.7 -C.sub.13 aralkyl group which is substituted by a hydroxyl group;R.sub.1 is H or a straight- or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group;R.sub.2 is H, a straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or CO.sub.2 H;R.sub.3 is H, a straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H;R.sub.4 is H, a straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or CO.sub.2 H;R.sub.5 is H, a straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H or CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CO.sub.

Abstract: New 2-furanone compounds have calcium channel antagonist activity and are useful as anti-inflammatory agents and in treating psoriasis.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R is alkyl, arylalkyl or substituted arylkalkyl, or alkenyl containing one or more olephinic bonds; X is O, NH or NR.sub.1, where R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons or arylalkyl; and Y is H, alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons, arylalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, substituted arylalkyl, alkenyl containing one or more olephinic bonds PO(OH).sub.2, PO(OH)OR.sub.2, PO(OH)R.sub.2 PO(OR.sub.2).sub.2, where R.sub.2 is independently alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons, phenyl, or substituted phenyl, further Y is CO--R.sub.3, CO--OR.sub.3, CONHR.sub.3, SO.sub.2 R.sub.3, SO.sub.2 NHR.sub.3, (CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--R.sub.3, or (CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --O--R.sub.3, where n, and m, are integers and are independently 1 to 20 and R.sub.3 is H, alkyl, alkenyl containing one or more olephinic bonds, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl or substituted arylalkyl, with the proviso that when Y is CO--R.sub.3, CO--OR.sub.3, and CONHR.sub.3 then R.sub.3 is not hydrogen, are disclosed.

Abstract: The compounds of the present invention comprise substituted phenolic thioethers, sulfoxides, and disulfides that are specific inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and which, therefore, are useful in the treatment of local and systemic inflammation, allergy and hypersensitivity reactions and other disorders in which agents formed in the 5-lipoxygenase metablic pathway are involved.

Abstract: A method of preparing (S)-.gamma.-hydroxymethyl-.alpha.,.beta.-butenolide includes the step of oxidizing a levoglucosenone with a peracid in an organic solvent. Peracetic acid, metha-chloroperbenzoic acid or magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate can be used as the peracid. According to this method, an (S)-.gamma.-hydroxymethyl-.alpha.,.beta.-butenolide having high optical purity can be easily prepared from a levoglucosenone as a starting material at a high yield.

Abstract: A series of novel polypeptide derivatives, containing 5-amino-2,5-disubstituted-4-hydroxypentanoic acid residues, which are useful for inhibiting the angiotensinogen-cleaving action of the enzyme renin. Particularly valuable precursors for many of these compounds are certain other 5-amino-2,5-disubstituted-4-hydroxypentanoic acid derivatives.

Abstract: A composition, in contact with a corrodable metal surface, which composition comprises:(a) an aqueous-based or oil-based system; and(b) as inhibitor for protecting the metal surface against corrosion, at least one compound having the formula I: ##STR1## as well as salts or partial esters thereof wherein: n is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 20,R is a straight or branched chain C.sub.4 -C.sub.30 alkyl group, optionally interrupted by one, two or three oxygen atoms or substituted by one, two or three hydroxy groups, a C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl group optionally substituted by one, two or three C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl groups, or a C.sub.7 -C.sub.13 aralkyl group which is optionally substituted by a hydroxyl group;R.sub.1 is H or a straight- or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group;R.sub.2 is H, a straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or CO.sub.2 H;R.sub.3 is H, a straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H or --CH.sub.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R is a 1,1-difluoroalkyl group or a 1,1-difluoroethenyl group having an even numbered carbon chain length of from 4 to 22 carbon atoms, pesticidal compositions thereof; and their use to control plant pests such as insects, acarids, and nematodes.

Abstract: A process for preparing 5-substituted-3-furaldehydes which comprises reacting 3-furaldehyde with lithium morpholide, followed by sec-butyl lithium, followed by an electrophile.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline compounds having an optically active .gamma.-lactone ring of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a group selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## n and e are each independently 0 or 1; R.sup.3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is a group of the formula: --(CO).sub.m --R.sup.4 ; m is 0 or 1; R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom or an alkyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; and the symbol * is an asymmetric carbon atom, and an intermediate thereof, and process for the production of the same.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I ##STR1## the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and the gamma-lactone form thereof are described. They are antagonists of leukotrienes and SRS-A.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel processes and intermediates for the preparation of 5-amino-4-hydroxyvaleric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, amino, hydroxy, mercapto, sulphinyl, sulphonyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, and R.sup.3 represents optionally substituted hydroxy or amino, by sigmatropic rearrangement of a suitable allyl ester, halolactonisation of the resulting .gamma.,.delta.-unsaturated acid or of a suitable derivative thereof, exchange of halogen for a nitrogen-containing nucleophile, opening of the lactone ring and freeing of the amino group. Compounds of the formula I are starting materials for the preparation of renin-inhibitors which have an anti-hypertensive action.

Abstract: Novel .gamma.-butyrolactone derivatives having strong ACE inhibitory activity are provided. They are represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and mean individually a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain or branched alkyl or cycloalkyl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded together to mean an alkylene group having 2-6 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 denotes a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl, aralkyl, amino lower alkyl or lower alkoxycarbonylamino lower alkyl group, R.sup.4 means a lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl group, R.sup.5 means a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are bonded together to denote an alkylene group having 2-4 carbon atoms, and R.sup.6 stands for a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl or aralkyl group; or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Tetrahydrofuranoid acetogenins characteristic of the Annonaceae plant family have been found to have potent pesticidal and feeding deterrent activity against a diverse variety of pests such as mosquito larvae, spider mites, aphids, the Mexican bean beetle, striped cucumber beetle, blowfly larvae, and nematodes.

Abstract: A 3-phenylthiomethylstyrene derivative having the general formula (1): ##STR1## or salt thereof with a base, when X is hydroxyl group, R.sup.1 is hydrogen atom or R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom, a process for preparing the 3-phenylthiomethylstyrene derivative (1), and an antiallergic agent and a tyrosinekinase inhibiting agent containing the 3-phenylthiomethylstyrene derivative (1) as an effective component. The compound (1) of the present invention is a useful intermediate for preparing various organic compounds, and has excellent antiallergic and tyrosinekinase inhibiting activities.

Abstract: .gamma.-butyrolactones of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted by lower alkoxy or acyloxy and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a functional group or is aryl, are prepared by reacting an alkylene oxide of the general formula II ##STR2## with an acylacetate of the general formla III ##STR3## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the above meanings and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or aryl, and R.sup.4 may furthermore be hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperatures, by a process in which the reaction is carried out in the presence of an alkali metal halide, of an ammonium halide, preferably a quaternary ammonium halide, of a phosphonium halide, of an alkali metal phosphate or of an alkali metal carbonate at from 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. and under from 1 to 50 bar.

Abstract: The invention relates to 1,2,4-triazolo [4,3-b]pyridazines substituted in the 7-position of formula: ##STR1## in which R represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group, a chlorophenyl group or a benzyl group and R.sub.1 represents a phenyl, halogenophenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, lower alkyl-phenyl or lower alkoxy-phenyl group or a phenyl-lower alkyl group, or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts.Said compounds antagonize the effects of benzodiazepines and therefore are useful as antidotes in the abuse of benzodiazepines and compounds acting on benzodiazepine receptors.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel furanone derivatives, having an aldose reductase-inhibitory activity, of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a lower alkylene group,R.sup.1 is a carboxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy or lower alkoxycarbonyl group,R.sup.2 is a hydrogen or halogen atom or a halo (lower) alkyl group, andR.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy, carboxy, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxycarbonyl group.

Abstract: Tetrahydrofuranoid acetogenins characteristic of the Annonaceae plant family have been found to have potent pesticidal and feeding deterrent activity against a diverse variety of pests such as mosquito larvae, spider mites, aphids, the Mexican bean beetle, striped cumcumber beetle, blowfly larvae, and nematodes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-alkyl cyclopent-2-enones having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is as defined hereinafter. An .alpha.-olefin having the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 R is oxidized to the corresponding epoxide. The epoxide is reacted with an alkylating agent having the formula Na.sup.+ [CH(COOR").sub.2 ].sup.-, wherein R" is an ethyl, an isopropyl, or an isobutyl radical. An .alpha.-carbalkoxy-.gamma.-alkyl lactone is obtained, which, through saponification and decarboxylation, yields a .gamma.-alkyl lactone having the formula: ##STR2## which is reacted with a protic acid, thereby obtaining, by cyclization, the desired 2-alkylcyclopent-2-enone. The obtained products are intermediates for the production of pharmaceutical products and of drugs for veterinary use, in particular prostaglandin.

Abstract: Synthetic analogs of the marine natural product manoalide include 3,7-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-11-methyl-13-(2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohexe nyl)-2,6,10-tridecatrienoic acid .gamma.-lactone, manoalide .delta.-lactone, manoalide .delta.-lactone acetate and dehydro-seco-manoalide.The method of treating mammals including humans in need of a drug having analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory activity comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a synthetic analog of manoalide.

Abstract: A .gamma.-butyrolactone derivative represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, a phenyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3-10 carbon atoms, a benzyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, a nitro group, an amino group, an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, a nitrile group and an alkoxycarbonyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be linked to form an alkylene group having 4-6 carbon atoms; X represents a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3-10 carbon atoms, a benzyl group or a substituent represented by the formula ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.

Abstract: 4-Substituted but-3-ene-1-carboxylic acids and their esters R.sup.1 R.sup.2 C.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --CO--O--R.sup.3 (I, where R.sup.1 is an organic radical, R.sup.2 is H or R.sup.1, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a 5-membered to 20-membered ring, and R.sup.3 is H or lower alkyl) are prepared by carbonylation of R.sup.1 R.sup.2 C(OH)--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (II) in the presence of an alcohol R.sup.3' --OH (III, where R.sup.3' is lower alkyl) or, for the preparation of the acids I alone, in the absence of an alcohol III, at from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. and under from 200 to 700 bar, using a complex of a palladium halide and a tertiary organic phosphine.

Abstract: The following process steps are shown: ##STR1## Intermediates I, II, and VI are new. End product IV is a known intermediate in the preparation of known pyrethroid-like cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester insecticides.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY-- (Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: Novel carboxylic acid ester derivatives, of the formula (I): ##STR1## process for manufacturing said derivatives, insecticides and acaricides containing said derivatives, and a method for killing insects and acarina by treating therewith.

Abstract: A compound in all its possible isomeric forms and mixtures thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of (a) alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted with cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon chain of 2 to 8 carbon atoms optionally interrupted by an oxygen or ketone, (b) alkenyl and alkynyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, (c) cycloalkyl of 3 to 12 carbon atoms optionally containing at least one double bond and substituted with at least one alkyl and (d) aralkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted with at least one member of the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen and --CF.sub.3 and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --CHO, --COAlK.sub.1, --COOAlK.sub.2 and --CN, at least one being hydrogen, AlK.sub.1 and AlK.sub.2 are alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: A method for preparing a lactone reaction product comprising reacting an alkenyl-succinic acid under substantially anhydrous conditions at elevated temperature ranging up to about 100.degree. in the presence of an .alpha. carbon halogen substituted acetic acid. The .alpha. carbon halogen substituted acetic acid may have from one to three halogen substituents and has a pKa of less than 3.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of lepiochlorin, an antibiotic.

Abstract: At least one algae-produced, substantially pure chemical compound with biocidal activity has been isolated from a blue-green algal (Cyanobacteria) toxin, preferably Scytonema toxin. This biocide appears to be one of the first of its class, since very little is now known regarding algal toxins and any biocides (including any antibiotics) they may contain. A biocide of this invention has activity against harmful blue-green algae such as Anabaena and can be used as, among other things, an algicide with minimal undesirable effects upon the environment of use (e.g. lakes, streams, water supplies, swimming pools, etc.). An ether-soluble, nonsteroidal, anisole-containing biocide of this invention appears to have a molecular weight of 430 or 431, a melting point or range within the range of about 48.degree. to about 55.degree. C., and the empirical formula C.sub.23 H.sub.23 O.sub.6 Cl.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a styryl-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid ester of the formula ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.1-4 -alkyl or an alcohol radical customary in pyrethroids,R.sup.1 is alkoxy or alkylthio, either of which may be optionally substituted by halogen,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkoxy, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are optionally halogen-substituted alkylenedioxy, andR.sup.3 is hydrogen or chlorine, comprising reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## with, respectively, one, two or three equivalents of a base at a temperature below 60.degree. C. The products are insecticidally active when R is the residue of a pyrethroid-type alcohol. Various syntheses are given for the starting materials which are new.

Abstract: Derivatives of 5H-furanone-2 and 3H-dihydrofuranone-2, substituted at the 3 position with substituted phenyl and at the 5 position with substituted methyl, are prepared by various processes. The derivatives are inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and are useful for treating depression.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-aryl-2-1-H-azoyl-(alkyl)gamma-butyrolactone of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is optionally substituted aryl;R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aralkyl;Azo is 1-H-imidiazoyl, 1-H-1,2,4-triazoyl or 4-H-1,2,4-triazoyl;n is zero or an integer from 1 to 5, and the agronomically acceptable acid addition salts and metal salt complexes thereof, methods for their preparation and their use as pesticides.

Abstract: Derivatives of 5H-furanone-2 and 3H-dihydrofuranone-2, substituted at the 3 position with substituted phenyl and at the 5 position with substituted methyl, are prepared by various processes. The derivatives are inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and are useful for treating depression.

Abstract: Metal salts and amides of alkyl-lactam acetic acids are prepared by reacting gamma-hydrocarbyl butyrolactone acetic acid compounds derived from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides with metal compounds and amines or amines alone. High molecular weight lactam acid salts and amides and metal complexes and metal carbamates thereof are useful as detergents or dispersants in organic industrial fluids. Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing lactone acetic acids in yields up to 90% conversion from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides.