Abstract: Enols, their geometric isomers, tautomers and halogen addition products having the formula ##STR1## as defined herein and compositions containing these compounds exhibit herbicidal activity.

Abstract: Furan is prepared by decarbonylation of furfural in the gas phase at elevated temperatures and under from 0.1 to 10 bar in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst which contains platinum and/or rhodium and contains an alkali metal. The reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen. Catalysts which contain platinum and/or rhodium and to which cesium has been added are preferably used.

Abstract: A process of producing furan and derivatives thereof is disclosed. The process includes generating furfural aldehyde vapors and then passing those vapors over a zeolite catalyst at a temperature and for a residence time effective to decarbonylate the furfural aldehydes to form furans and derivatives thereof. The resultant furan vapors and derivatives are then separated. In a preferred form, the furfural aldehyde vapors are generated during the process of converting biomass materials to liquid and gaseous fuels.

Abstract: A process for efficiently preparing 2-amino-5-nitrophenol derivatives in which benzoxazole derivatives are subjected to nucleophilic substitution reaction at the 5 position thereof to obtain corresponding benzoxazole derivatives, and the oxazole ring of the benzoxazole derivatives is then subjected to ring-opening to obtain 2-amino-5-nitrophenol derivatives. The 2-amino-5-nitrophenol derivatives are useful as industrial starting materials, reducing agents or antioxidants and intermediates for cyan-image-forming couplers.

Abstract: 16-Fluoro-16,17-didehydro prostanoids, processes for their preparation, compositions containing them and methods of using them are disclosed. The compounds and compositions have pharmaceutical utility including, for example, luteolytic activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a topical cosmetic preparation for treating oily hair or seborrhea which contains a sebosuppressively effective amount of at least one 4-aryl-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid derivative.

Abstract: There are described fluorinated allylic compounds as expressed by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is a fluorinated aliphatic group and R is a group expressed by a general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same group or different groups as selected among hydrogen atom, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon groups, and heterocyclic groups. Further, a process of preparing fluorinated allylic compounds is described which includes a process step wherein a silane metal halide as expressed by a general formula(R.sup.1).sub.3 SiCH.sub.2 MX,wherein R.sup.1 is either an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, M is an element that belongs to the group IIa, IIIb, or VIIb of the periodic table, and X is a halogen atom, is reacted with a fluorinated carboxylic acid ester as expressed by a general formulaR.sub.f COOR',wherein R.sub.

Abstract: Novel substituted phenylphosphinyloxy- and phenylphosphinylthio-iminocarboxylates, synthesis thereof, intermediates therefor, and the use of said novel compounds for the control of weeds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of aryl carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof by the carbonylation of aryl sulfonyl chlorides. The aryl sulfonyl chlorides are reacted with carbon monoxide and water or an alcohol or amine in the presence of a zero-valent metal catalyst consisting essentially of palladium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of aryl carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof by the carbonylation of triaryl sulfonium salts. The triaryl sulfonium salts are reacted with carbon monoxide and water or an alcohol or amine in the presence of a triaryl phosphine and a zero-valent metal catalyst selected from palladium or rhodium.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel carboxylic acid ester represented by the following general formula (I) and an insecticidal and/or acaricidal composition containing the same as an active ingredient: ##STR1## wherein X is represented by the formula, ##STR2## and further also relates to a carboxylic acid or a reactive derivative thereof represented by the general formula, ##STR3## wherein R.sub.16 is hydroxy group, chlorine or bromine atom, or a C.sub.1-2 alkoxy group, W is oxygen atom or --CH.sub.2 -- group, k is an integer of 0 or 1, E is hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine or bromine atom, and n is an integer of 1 to 4.

Abstract: Novel chalcogenopentalene compounds having a tellurium atom in the 6a position, and methods of making chalcogenopentalenes having a tellurium or a selenium atom in the 6a position are disclosed. The chalcogenopentalene compounds are useful as sensitizers in electrophotographic compositions and elements containing an electron donor and as charge emitters in multilayer photoconductive elements.

Abstract: New 2-trimethylsilyloxy-ethylamines are disclosed. They can be prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of 1-trimethylsilyloxynitriles which are substituted in the 2-position.

Abstract: A process for preparing partially known .alpha.-dicyanotrimethylsilyloxy compounds which are intermediates in the production of insecticidal substituted hydroxymalonic acid diamides and are of the general formula ##STR1## comprises reacting a carboxylic anhydride of the general formula ##STR2## at a temperature between 10.degree. and 250.degree. C. with trimethylsilyl cyanide, if appropriate in the presence of a solvent and/or if appropriate in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Process comprising contacting and reacting a substituted or unsubstituted diolefin polyperoxide, for example, butadienepolyperoxide, with an acidic aqueous medium containing cuprous and cupric ions and a water-soluble agent which forms a water-soluble complex with cuprous ions, and recovering furan or a substituted furan from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process of removing solids from an aqueous redox catalyst system which solids are formed in the production of furan compounds from butadiene or a butadiene derivative by heating at 180.degree.-280.degree. C. in the presence of sufficient cupric ion or oxygen to oxidize the solids. The redox catalyst system contains iodine ions, copper at an oxidation state between 1 and 2, a solubilizing agent for cuprous ion which is soluble in water and forms a water-soluble complex with cuprous ion and, at least 20 moles per liter of water the medium havine a pH of less than 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting an aldehyde into a corresponding alkene and of the type wherein the aldehyde is placed in the presence of a phosphoric reagent and a base in solution in an organic aprotic solvent; the process comprising using a mineral base evincing in an aqueous medium a basic force less than or equal to that of the hydroxide ion or a strongly basic organic base of the nitrogen compounds family and adjusting the hydration rate of the reaction medium in such a manner that there are about 0.5 to 5 moles of water per mole of aldehyde.

Abstract: Oxole compounds, e.g. furan, are produced by contacting alkenes and/or alkadienes with molecular oxygen in the presence of an antimony catalyst.