Abstract: Radiation-sensitive, ethylenically unsaturated compounds and a process for their preparation. The ethylenically unsaturated organic compounds are of the general formula ##STR1## where R is alkyl, aryl or a radical R.sup.1 andR.sup.1 is a radical ##STR2## where R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 are each H, alkyl, OH, OAlkyl, SH, SAlkyl, halogen, N (Alkyl).sub.2 or N (Alkyl) (Aryl) and at least one but not more than three of the radicals R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 is or are a radical ##STR3## where X is alkylene, cycloalkylene, oxaalkylene or arylene, Y is H or CH.sub.3 -- and Z is O or NY.The novel radiation-sensitive ethylenically unsaturated compounds are suitable for the preparation of polymeric radiation-sensitive compounds.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method of forming a salt of 4-hydroxystyrene by reacting 4-acetoxystyrene with a suitable base in a suitable solvent system. Subsequently, or simultaneously, the salt of 4-hydroxystyrene can be reacted, preferably in situ, with di-tertiary-butyl-dicarbonate to form 4-tertiary-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene.

Abstract: Phenolic solutions of 20%-70% by weight of diphenylcarbonate have been found to form a crystalline 1:1 molar adduct of diphenylcarbonate and phenol when allowed to cool to a temperature between about 50.degree. C. and 25.degree. C. Recovery of the crystalline 1:1 molar adduct followed by distillation of phenol therefrom has been found to provide substantially pure diphenylcarbonate.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared by reacting carbon monoxide with alkyl nitrites over a modified platinum metal supported catalyst at an elevated temperature in a continuous gas phase reaction, the reaction being carried out with the exclusion of additional oxidizing substances and, if appropriate, the presence of a lower alcohol.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared in a continuous manner by transesterification of ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate with alcohols in the presence of a catalyst in a column equipped with packing or baffles, by passing the reactants in countercurrent such that the ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate are metered into the upper part of the column and the alcohol is metered into the lower part of the column and the catalyst is arranged as a fixed bed in the column or is also metered into the upper part of the column in solution or suspension, the dialkyl carbonate formed, if appropriate as a mixture with alcohol, being removed at the top of the column and the ethylene glycol or propylene glycol formed from the ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate being removed at the foot of the column, if appropriate together with the catalyst.

Abstract: Di(organo) esters of pyrocarbonic acid, e.g., dialkyl pyrocarbonates, such as diethyl pyrocarbonate, are prepared by reaction of the corresponding organohaloformate with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide, in the substantial absence of an organic solvent and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a bis[poly(oxy(C.sub.2 -C.sub.4)alkylene)] C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aliphatic amine, e.g., coco bis(polyoxyethylene) amine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process for preparing dimethyl carbonate which comprises:a first step of introducing a gas containing carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite into a reactor filled with a solid catalyst to obtain a reaction product containing dimethyl carbonate;a second step of separating the reaction product to a non-condensed gas and a solution containing dimethyl carbonate by adding dimethyl oxalate;a third step of introducing the non-condensed gas into a regenerating column to contact it with a molecular state oxygen-containing gas and methanol whereby regenerating nitrogen monoxide to methyl nitrite, so as to contain 2 to 7% by volume of nitrogen monoxide in a non-absorbed gas at an outlet of the column, which in turn is introduced in the reactor of the first step;a fourth step of extracting, distilling and separating dimethyl carbonate from the solution by further adding dimethyl oxalate to remove methanol; anda fifth step of distilling and separating dimethyl carbonate from a mixed solution to remo

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an aromatic carbonate or aromatic carbonate mixture by a transesterification reaction between a starting material selected from a dialkyl carbonate, an alkyl aryl carbonate and a mixture thereof and a reactant selected from an aromatic hydroxy compound, an alkyl aryl carbonate and a mixture thereof, wherein the starting material and the reactant are continuously fed to a continuous multi-stage distillation column to effect a transesterification reaction therebetween in the presence of a catalyst in the distillation column, while continuously withdrawing the produced aromatic carbonate or aromatic carbonate mixture as a high boiling point product in a liquid form from a lower portion of the distillation column and continuously withdrawing the by-product as a low boiling point product in a gaseous form from an upper portion of the distillation column by distillation, thereby enabling the aromatic carbonate or aromatic carbonate mixture to be produced continuously.

Abstract: Basic cesium compounds are effective transesterification catalysts for the conversion of symmetric dialkyl carbonates to unsymmetric dialkyl carbonates. Crown ethers, polyalkylene glycols, and polyalkylene glycol ethers are useful cocatalysts for the process. Methyl tert-butyl carbonate and methyl tertamyl carbonate, useful octane enhancers for gasoline, can be prepared using the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 1-bromoalkyl hydrocarbyl carbonates.The carbonates according to the invention are prepared by reacting an alpha-chlorinated carbonate of formula ##STR1## with an anhydrous brominated compound of formula ZBr in which Z represents hydrogen, the group (CH.sub.3).sub.3 -Si-, the group ##STR2## or bromine if R.sub.2 is other than an aromatic radical, in the presence of a catalyst chosen from the group consisting of heteroaromatic amines, quaternary ammonium or phosphonium halides, hexasubstituted guanidinium halides, alkaline earth metal halides or alkali metal halides in combination with a complexing agent for their cation.The carbonates according to the invention find their preferential applications as blocking agents for some antibiotics or as agents for the synthesis of phosphorus-containing carbonates which can be used as insecticides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing urethanes and carbonates from an amine or an alcohol, carbon dioxide and an allyl halide. The amine or alcohol is reacted with carbon dioxide to form the ammonium carbamate or carbonate salt which is then reacted with a palladium tertiary phosphine catalyst complex of an allyl halide. Polymer products can also be prepared utilizing this process or utilizing the resulting urethanes and carbonates under standard polymerization conditions.

Abstract: Carbonic acid esters are important compounds as a gasoline extender, an octane number improver, an organic solvent and a reacting agent in place of phosgene for production of isocyanates, polycarbonates and various intermediates of agricultural chemicals and pharmaceuticals.According to the present invention, carbonic acid esters can be prepared by reacting an alcohol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a copper halide and a tertiary organophosphorus compound having phenyl group or alkyl group.

Abstract: Sulfonium salts of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are aliphatic and/or aromatic radicals which may contain heteroatoms, or two of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are bonded to one another to form a ring, with the proviso that one or more of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 contain one or more acid-cleavable groups, or one of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is bonded to one or more further sulfonium salt radicals, if desired via acid-cleavable groups, and X.sup..crclbar. is a non-nucleophilic counter-ion, are suitable as photoinitiators for cationic polymerization.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom and R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl group except isopropyl, which is useful as a herbicide.

Abstract: Glycerine derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein the residues R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the significance given in the description, and their hydrates, which inhibit blood platelet activating factor (PAF), are described.

Abstract: Aromatic and aliphatic-aromatic carbonic acid diesters can be obtained by transesterification of carbonic acid diesters containing aliphatic ester groups if polymeric hydroxystannoxanes are employed as catalysts.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase inhibitors useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents represented by the formula ##STR1## and the corresponding ring-opened hydroxy acids derived therefrom and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.Pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds and method of inhibiting the biosynthesis of cholesterol therewith are also disclosed.

Abstract: Polyphenyl-based liquid crystal compounds represented by the following general formula (1) and liquid crystal composition containing the same: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a straight or branched C.sub.1-18 alkyl group, haloalkyl group, aralkyl group or haloaralkyl group with or without optically active carbon, R.sup.2 represents a straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, haloalkyl group or aralkyl group with or without optically active carbon, W represents (1) --OCO-- or --COO--, in which case T represents a halogen atom or a methyl group, or (2) a single bond, --O-- or --OCOO--, in which case T represents a halogen atom, X represents --OCO--, --COO--, --C.dbd.C--, --CH.dbd.N--, --N.dbd.CH, Y represents single bond, --O--, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --COOCH.sub.2 -- or --OCOCH.sub.2 --, Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, a cyano group or nitro group, Z.sub.1 may be the same or different from Z.sub.

Abstract: Naphthylacetylenes of the formula IR.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --C.tbd.C--A.sup.3 --(Z.sup.2 --A.sup.4).sub.n --R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1, A.sup.1, Z.sup.1, m, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, Z.sup.2, A.sup.4, n and R.sup.2 have the meanings described herein, are suitable as components of liquid crystal phases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of alkoxycarbonyloxystyrene comprising reacting acyloxystyrene with a strong base to yield a phenolate to which is added an alkoxycarbonylating agent in an organic solvent and a phase transfer catalyst to yield the desired product in the organic phase.

Abstract: A new group of alpha substituted cresol choline carbonate salts, that act as site-specific, irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. A halomethylation method and a halogenation method for producing said alpha substituted cresol choline carbonate salts and analogs thereof. Methods of using the inhibitors as anticholinergic insecticides and to reduce acetylcholinesterase activity levels in organisms with excessive levels of acetylcholinesterase.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of the four geometric isomers of 4-(2-butenyl)idene)-3,5,5-trimethy-2-cyclohexen-1-one is provided. The process comprises pyrolyzing a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents lower-alkyl-oxycarbonyl, aryl-oxycarbonyl, or, preferably, lower-alkanoyl, benzoyl or substituted benzoyl.

Abstract: Organic compounds having aromatic ester, thioester, or carbonate groups are prepared by reacting an organometallic reactant where the metal is germanium, tin, lead, gallium, indium, thallium, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth with a suitable second reactant. For example, the ester ##STR1## is prepared by reacting the bis-tri--n-butyl tin derivative of ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate with 4-phenoxybenzoyl chloride.

Abstract: Aphidicolane derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 stands for hydrogen or a hydroxy radical, R.sup.2 stands for a hydroxy or methyl radical, or the group CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 stands for a keto group; R.sup.3 stands for a formyl or hydroxymethyl radical, or for the group --CH.sub.2 O.CO.OR.sup.6, wherein R.sup.6 stands for a defined radical or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are joined together to form the group --O.CO.OCH.sub.2 --; R.sup.4 stands for a hydroxy radical; R.sup.5 stands for a formyl radical, a hydroxyalkyl radical --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-3 OH, a radical --CHR.sup.7 OH, wherein R.sup.7 stands for a defined radical, or R.sup.5 stands for an azidomethyl or pyrrolidinylcarbonyloxymethyl radical, or for the group --CH.sub.2 O.CO.OR.sup.8, wherein R.sup.8 stands for a defined radical, or R.sup.5 stands for the group --CH.sub.2 O.CO.(CH.sub.2).sub.m.CR.sup.11 R.sup.12.(CH.sub.2).sub.n.NR.sup.9 R.sup.10, wherein m, n, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 have defined values, or R.sup.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an aromatic carbonate which comprises reacting a phenolic compound with a di-aliphatic carbonate or an aliphatic-aromatic carbonate in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is either SnO and/or a tin compound represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y are identical or different and each represents OH, SCN, OR.sup.1, OCOR.sup.1 or a halogen atom, R.sup.1 represents an alkyl or aryl group, X and Y are not alkoxy groups at the same time, and R represents an alkyl or aryl group; or at least one compound of an element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Au, Ga, In, Bi, Te and lantanoids. The use of these specific catalysts enables the product to be obtained in high yields and selectivities and makes it easy to purify the product.

Abstract: A phenol derivative of the formulaNU--A--X--R.sup.1wherein NU is a defined bis-phenolic nucleus including a hydroxyphenyl-hydroxynaphthyl; hydroxyphenyl-hydroxyindanyl, hydroxyphenyl-hydroxybenzothienyl or di-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene or vinylene nucleus;wherein A is alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene which may be interrupted by phenylene or other linkages,wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, or alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, halogenoalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, or R.sup.1 is joined to R.sup.2, and wherein X is --CONR.sup.2 --, --CSNR.sup.2 --, --NR.sup.12 CO--, --NR.sup.12 CS--, --NR.sup.12 CONR.sup.2 --, ##STR1## --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.2 -- or --CO--, or, when R.sup.1 is not hydrogen, is --NR.sup.12 COO--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --,wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form alkylene;wherein R.sup.12 is hydrogen or alkyl, and wherein R.sup.22 is hydrogen, cyano or nitro;or a salt thereof when appropriate.

Abstract: A process is provided for obtaining quaternary ammonium or phosphonium substituted carbonic acid esters. The first step involves reacting the hydroxyl predecessor compound of the ester with phosgene in an aprotic organic solvent to obtain a solution of chloroformate/hydrogen chloride complex. In a second step, the chloroformate/hydrogen chloride complex in solution is admixed with a salt whose conjugate anion, normally a phenol sulfonate, has structure L. During the admixing step, pH is maintained no lower than 6 until all reactants have been combined to form the product ester. Thereupon, pH is lowered to less than 5.5 to stabilize product against hydrolysis.

Abstract: Aromatic carbonates useful for the preparation of high molecular weight polycarbonate resins are prepared by reacting methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen to prepare dimethyl carbonate; reacting a methyl silyl ether with a phenol or bisphenol to prepare an aryl silyl ether, and reacting the dimethyl carbonate and aryl silyl ether to prepare an aromatic carbonate.

Abstract: This invention provides novel biphenyl compounds represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein R is an alkyl group, A is selected from the single bond, --COO--, --OCO--, --OCOO-- and --CO--, and each of m and n is an integer of 1 or more, provided m<n), optically active bodies thereof, liquid crystal compositions containing at least one of these compounds, light switching elements comprising at least one of the above compounds as a constituent element, and a method of producing the compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to carboxylic acid derivatives and their use thereof. The compounds are useful in treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, prediabetic conditions, adipositas ailments or atherosclerosis.

Abstract: A process is provided for obtaining sulfophenyl quarternary ammonium or phosphonium substituted carbonic acid esters. The important step in this process involves reacting a phenyl quaternary ammonium or phosphonium substituted carbonic ester with oleum that contains from 0.5 to 33% sulfur trioxide. Amounts in excess of 33% sulfur trioxide lead to increased reaction times and, eventually, unacceptable product conversons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aromatic derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## in which: n represents an integer between 2 and 10;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and represent a cycloalkyl containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by a phenyl or benzyl group; orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidino, azepin-1-yl, hexamethyleneimino, 4-methylpiperidino, 4-benzylpiperidino, 4-phenylpiperidino, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinol-2-yl, morpholino and imidazol-1-yl groups;R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen, a halogen, a methyl or a phenyl;R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen, a halogen or a methyl; or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, taken together with the benzene ring to which they are bonded, form a naphth-1-yl or naphth-2-yl group;Y represents a direct bond, a methyleneoxy group, a methylenethio group or a vinylene group; andR.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new one-step process for preparation of novel N-(acyloxyalkoxy)carbonyl derivatives useful as bioreversible prodrug moieties for drugs having a primary or secondary amine function thereon.

Abstract: Polyphenyl-based liquid crystal compounds represented by the following general formula (1) and liquid crystal composition containing the same: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a straight or branched C.sub.1-18 alkyl group, haloalkyl group, aralkyl group or haloaralkyl group with or without optically active carbon, R.sup.2 represents a straight or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, haloalkyl group or aralkyl group with or without optically active carbon, W represents (1) --OCO-- or --COO--, in which case T represents a halogen atom or a methyl group, or (2) a single bond, --O-- or --OCOO--, in which case T represents a halogen atom, X represents --OCO--, --COO--, --C.dbd.C--, --CH.dbd.N--, --N.dbd.CH, Y represents single bond, --O--, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --COOCH.sub.2 -- or --OCOCH.sub.2 --, Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 represent a hydrogen or halogen atom, a cyano group or nitro group, Z.sub.1 may be the same or different from Z.sub.

Abstract: A phenol derivative of the formulaNU--A--X--R.sup.1wherein NU is a defined bis-phenolic nucleus including a hydroxyphenyl-hydroxynaphthyl; hydroxyphenyl-hydroxyindanyl, hydroxyphenyl-hydroxybenzothienyl or di-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene or vinylene nucleus;wherein A is alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene which may be interrupted by phenylene or other linkages,wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, or alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, halogenoalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, or R.sup.1 is joined to R.sup.2, and wherein X is --CONR.sup.2 --, --CSNR.sup.2 --, --NR.sup.12 CO--, --NR.sup.12 CS--, --NR.sup.12 CONR.sup.2 --, ##STR1## --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.2 -- or --CO--, or, when R.sup.1 is not hydrogen, is --NR.sup.12 COO--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form alkylene;wherein R.sup.12 is hydrogen or alkyl, and wherein R.sup.22 is hydrogen, cyano or nitro;or a salt thereof when appropriate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for preparing active esters or carboyxlic acids, which consists in reacting a carboxylic acid, in the presence of an agent for binding hydrohalic acid, with a carbonate of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 denotes either a radical of formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be identical or different, are not hydrogen atoms and denote organic radicals which may be substituted or unsubstituted and saturated or unsaturated, and may or may not be bound to a polymer, and which can be joined together to form a hetero-cyclic system with the nitrogen, atom,or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical which may or may not be bound to a polymer,R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical which may be substituted or unsubstituted and saturated or unsaturated, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical,and X denotes a halogen atom.This process is especially useful for the synthesis of active esters of N-protected amino acids.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently of one another are R, OR, OCOR, COOR or OCOOR,is alkyl with 1 to 15 C atoms, wherein one or more CH.sub.2 groups which are not adjacent and are not linked by O can also be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --CH--halogen, --CHCN-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--,A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 each independently of one another are 1,4-phenylene or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene,m, n and o are each 0 or 1,m+n+o is 0, 1 or 2,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 each independently of one another are --CH.sub.2 --O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or a single bond andX is F, Cl, Br, I or CN,with the provisos given in claim 1, can be used as components of ferroelectric liquid crystal phases.

Abstract: Dispirotetradecanes of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently of each other alkyl containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms wherein one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may also be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --O--COO-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- (trans), one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 also being H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, NCS,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each independently of each other trans-1,4-cyclohexylene wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, or 1,4-phenylene wherein one or more CH groups may also be replaced by N, with it also being possible optionally for A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 to be substituted laterally or axially by F, Cl, CN, CH.sub.3,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently of each other --C--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 -- or a single bond,m and n are each 0, 1 or 2,(m+n) 0, 1 or 2,X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.

Abstract: There are disclosed intermediate which can be converted into podophyllotoxin and related compounds, which are known antineoplastic agents. There are also disclosed processes for the preparation of such intermediates, and processes for the conversion of the intermediates into known intermediates which are readily converted into podophyllotoxin and related compounds.

Abstract: Novel chiral smectic liquid crystalline ester compounds having a superior stability and exhibiting a high response rate when used in the form of display elements and chiral smectic mixtures containing at least one of these compounds are provided, which compounds are expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 2 to 16; l is 0, 1 or 2; m is 1 or 2 under the condition of l+m.gtoreq.2; X represents methylene group --CH.sub.2 -- or single bond when l is zero, methylene group --CH.sub.2 -- or ether linkage --O-- when l=1 or ether linkage --O-- when l=2; and Y represents R, OR, --COR, --OCOR, --OCOOR or --COOR wherein R throughout represents an alkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms; and asterisk * shows an optically active carbon atom.

Abstract: Novel ferroelectric liquid crystalline compounds having a superior stability and chiral, smectic liquid crystalline compositions containing at least one kind of the same are provided, which compounds are expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 alkyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds usable as liquid crystals in liquid crystal display devices utilizing the electrically controlled birefringence effect.These compounds comply with formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents an alkoxy or alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Z represents a single bond or a radical chosen from among: ##STR2## provided that R.sup.1 represents an alkyl radical when Z represents a single bond and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms.They can be obtained by reacting an acid chloride of formula R.sup.

Abstract: There is provided a novel and efficient stereoselective total synthesis of epipodophyllotoxin and related epipodophyllotoxin compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each are independently hydrogen or (lower)alkoxy, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, taken together, is methylenedioxy; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 each are independently hydrogen or (lower)alkoxy; and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a phenol-protecting group; or an acid addition salt thereof. The present invention also provides novel intermediates and processes for the preparation of said intermediates, which are then converted into known antineoplastic agents.

Abstract: An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol such as methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system containing Cu(OMe)Cl as catalyst and boron trifluoride, calcium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, etc. as promoters.

Abstract: An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol such as methanol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst system containing Cu(OMe)Cl as a catalyst and a pyridine compound as a ligand of the catalyst system.

Abstract: A phenol derivative of the formulaNU--A--X--R.sup.1wherein NU is a defined phenolic nucleus including a phenyl-hydroxynaphthyl; hydroxyphenyl-naphthyl; phenyl-hydroxyindanyl, phenyl-hydroxybenzothienyl or mono-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene or vinylene nucleus; wherein A is alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene which may be interrupted by phenylene or other linkages, wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, halogenoalkoxyalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, or R.sup.1 is joined to R.sup.2, and wherein X is --CONR.sup.2 --, --CSNR.sup.2 --, --NR.sup.12 CO--, --NR.sup.12 CS--, --NR.sup.12 CONR.sup.2 --, ##STR1## --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.2 --or --CO--, or, when R.sup.1 is not hydrogen, is --NR.sup.12 COO--, --(PO)R.sup.2 13 , --S--, --SO--or --SO.sub.2 --, wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form alkylene; wherein R.sup.12 is hydrogen or alkyl, and wherein R.sup.22 is hydrogen, cyano or nitro; or a salt thereof when appropriate.

Abstract: (Allylic carbonate)-functional compounds containing three phenylene groups are useful for forming polymers.

Abstract: A phenol derivative of the formulaNU--A--X--R.sup.1wherein NU is a defined bis-phenolic nucleus including a hydroxyphenyl-hydroxynaphthyl; hydroxyphenyl-hydroxyindanyl, hydroxyphenyl-hydroxybenzothienyl or di-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene or vinylene nucleus; wherein A is alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene which may be interrupted by phenylene or other linkages,wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, or alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, halogenoalkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, or R.sup.1 is joined to R.sup.2, and wherein X is --CONR.sup.2 --, --CSNR.sup.2 --, --NR.sup.12 CO--, --NR.sup.12 CS--, --NR.sup.12 CONR.sup.2 --, ##STR1## --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.2 -- or --CO--, or, when R.sup.1 is not hydrogen, is --NR.sup.12 COO--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --,wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form alkylene;wherein R.sup.12 is hydrogen or alkyl, and wherein R.sup.22 is hydrogen, cyano or nitro;or a salt thereof when appropriate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula (1), which possess a large spontaneous polarization about room temperature and a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents C.sub.6-14 alkyl group, R.sup.2 represents straight or branched alkyl group with or without optically active carbon, X represents a group selected from --OCOO--, --O--, --COO--, --OCO-- or single bond, Y represents a group selected from --COOCH.sub.2 --, --OCO-- or --OCOO--, in which either X or Y is at least --OCOO-- group, m represents 0 or 1, Z represents a chlorine or bromine, a carbon atom marked with * represents optically active carbon atom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-bromoethyl hydrocarbonyl carbonates, characterized in that anhydrous hydrobromic acid is reacted with a vinyl hydrocarbonyl carbonate of formula ##STR1## in which R denotes a saturated, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 aliphatic radical or C.sub.5 -C.sub.24 alicyclic radical, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical, at a temperature between 10.degree. and 100.degree. C.The invention also relates to the new 1-bromoethyl hydrocarbonyl carbonates of formula: ##STR2## These carbonates are particularly sought after for introducing a carbonate group into a molecule.