Abstract: The polymerization of monomers may be at least partially reduced or inhibited by introducing an effective amount of an additive. The additive may be or include a first compound: where: R1 and R2 may be or include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkyl group having a heteroatom, an aryl group having a heteroatom, and combinations thereof. The hetero atom may be or include sulfur, nitrogen and/or oxygen. R1 may be the same or different from R2. The polymerizable monomers may be or include, but are not limited to styrene, butadiene, isoprene, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for inhibiting polymerisation of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, which involve the use of nitroxide compound of formula (I): wherein R1 is C4-20 hydrocarbyl; and R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently each C1-6 alkyl.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for recovery and refining of valuable nitrogen-containing organic compounds formed by catalytic oxidation of least one feed compound selected from the group consisting of propane, propylene, isobutane and isobutylene in the presence of ammonia to produce a gaseous. Processes of the invention include quenching the gaseous reactor effluent with an aqueous quench liquid; forming an aqueous solution comprising the corresponding unsaturated mononitrile, hydrogen cyanide and other organic co-products; and using an integrated sequence of distillations and phase separations to recover for recycle of a useful aqueous liquid, and obtain the desired nitrogen-containing products. According to the invention aqueous solutions are fractionated in an integrated system of multi-stage columns while an effective polymerization inhibiting amount of at least one member of a preselected class of p-phenylenediamine compounds is maintained therein.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for recovery and refining of valuable nitrogen-containing organic compounds formed by catalytic oxidation of least one feed compound selected from the group consisting of propane, propylene, isobutane and isobutylene in the presence of ammonia to produce a gaseous. Processes of the invention include quenching the gaseous reactor effluent with an aqueous quench liquid; forming an aqueous solution comprising the corresponding unsaturated mononitrile, hydrogen cyanide and other organic co-products; and using an integrated sequence of distillations and phase separations to recover for recycle of a useful aqueous liquid, and obtain the desired nitrogen-containing products. According to the invention aqueous solutions are fractionated in an integrated system of multi-stage columns while an effective polymerization inhibiting amount of at least one member of a preselected class of p-phenylenediamine compounds is maintained therein.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for recovery and refining of valuable nitrogen-containing organic compounds formed by catalytic oxidation of least one feed compound selected from the group consisting of propane, propylene, isobutane and isobutylene in the presence of ammonia to produce a gaseous. Processes of the invention include quenching the gaseous reactor effluent with an aqueous quench liquid; forming an aqueous solution comprising the corresponding unsaturated mononitrile, hydrogen cyanide and other organic co-products; and using an integrated sequence of distillations and phase separations to recover for recycle of a useful aqueous liquid, and obtain the desired nitrogen-containing products. According to the invention aqueous solutions are fractionated in an integrated system of multi-stage columns while an effective polymerization inhibiting amount of at least one member of a preselected class of p-phenylenediamine compounds is maintained therein.

Abstract: The use of amidoximes for stabilisation of ethylenically-unsaturated compounds against undesired radical polymerisation is disclosed. Combinations of amidoximes with phenol and/or phenothiazine compounds have a synergistic effect. Preferred amidoximes are nitrilotris(acetamidoxime) and nitrilotris(propionamidoxime).

Abstract: An antifoulant composition comprising (meth)acrylic acid and one or more (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide antifoulant polymers and a method of preventing fouling in (meth)acrylic acid processes comprising adding the (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide antifoulant polymers to the (meth)acrylic acid process stream.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting the premature polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising adding to said monomers an effective amount of: A) at least one nitroxyl compound, and B) at least one quinone alkide compound having an electron-withdrawing group at the 7-position. Additionally, a composition is disclosed that comprises: A) at least one nitroxyl compound, and B) at least one quinone alkide compound having an electron-withdrawing group at the 7-position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of phenylenediamines, preferably para-phenylenediamines, in combination with hindered phenols, to reduce polymer formation during the manufacture of acrylonitrile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of phenylenediamines, preferably para-phenylenediamines, in combination with hindered phenols, to reduce polymer formation during the manufacture of acrylonitrile.

Abstract: An adhesive composition includes a polymerizable adhesive monomer, at least one vapor phase stabilizer, and at least one liquid phase stabilizer. The combination of at least one vapor phase stabilizer and at least one liquid phase stabilizer provides superior stabilization and shelf-life for the monomer composition. The stabilized adhesive composition provides superior performance and shelf-life and can be sterilized without significant polymerization of the monomer.

Abstract: The present invention provides substituted phenols which are effective to inhibit polymer formation during the manufacture of acrylonitrile. Preferred substituted phenols are (a) hindered phenols, nonhindered phenols, and partially hindered phenols, or (b) combinations of hindered phenols with nonhindered or partially hindered phenols. A most preferred substituted phenol is p-nitrosophenol. In a preferred embodiment, the substituted phenols (with the exception of p-nitrosophenol) are combined with hydrogen transfer agents.

Abstract: A cyanoacrylate monomer adhesive formulation which has improved thermal properties resulting from the inclusion in the formulation of an effective amount for enhancing the thermal resistance of the cured polymer of a naphthosultone compound having at least one strong electron withdrawing group thereon, suitably a nitro group.

Abstract: The premature free-radical polymerization of a non-linear, readily polymerizable organic monomer under conditions where the monomer would otherwise polymerize is inhibited by incorporating within the non-linear, readily polymerizable monomer a polymerization inhibiting amount of a fullerene or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A composition and method of use for inhibiting the polymerization of acrylate esters during elevated temperature processing and during storage and handling thereafter.It comprises the combination of a Mannich reaction product, which is prepared from a substituted phenol, an aldehyde and ethylenediamine, and either phenylenediamine or derivatives thereof and/or phenothiazine or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and methods of inhibiting acrylonitrile polymerization, particularly in quench columns of systems producing acrylonitrile, comprising adding to the acrylonitrile an effective amount for the purpose of (a) a hydroxylamine having the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl groups, and (b) a para-phenylenediamine or derivative thereof having at least one N--H group. Preferably the phenylenediamine is a para-phenylenediamine having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl groups with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 is hydrogen.

Abstract: Certain substituted diaryl amines are used to inhibit the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers; for example, unsaturated carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof.