Nitriles (i.e., Compounds Having Cyano Bonded Directly To Carbon, Which Carbon May Be Single Bonded To Any Atom But May Be Multiple Bonded Only To Carbon) Patents (Class 558/303)
- Hetero ring containing reactant (Class 558/309)
- Reactant is a carboxylic acid, or an amide, anhydride, ester, halide, or salt thereof (Class 558/311)
- Utilizing nitryl halide, nitrosyl halide, HCH=NO- or HHNO- (wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only; e.g., oximes, oxime esters, hydroxylamine salts, olefin-nitrosyl chloride adducts, etc.) (Class 558/314)
- Reactant is an aldehyde or ketone, or a compound having carbon double bonded to nitrogen (e.g., ammoxidation of acrolein, etc.) (Class 558/315)
- Reactant contains -OH bonded directly to acyclic or alicyclic carbon (wherein H of -OH may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a Group IA or IIA light metal) (Class 558/316)
- Utilizing a nitrogen oxide or an azide (Class 558/317)
- Ammonia utilized (Class 558/318)
- The organic compound contains a carbon to carbon triple bond (e.g., acrylonitrile from acetylene and HCN, etc.) (Class 558/333)
- The organic compound contains an acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon double bond (Class 558/335)
- Replacing halogen with cyano (Class 558/342)
- Aldehyde, and carboxylic acid halide or carboxylic acid anhydride, reacted with the inorganic cyanide (Class 558/345)
- Aldehyde or ketone, and ammonia or substituted ammonia, reacted with the inorganic cyanide (Class 558/346)
- Hetero ring containing compound reacted with the inorganic cyanide (e.g., reaction of epoxy compounds, etc.) (Class 558/347)
- Replacing hydrogen with cyano (e.g., malononitrile from acetonitrile, etc.) (Class 558/348)
- Replacing oxygen or nitrogen, single bonded to carbon, by cyano (Class 558/350)
- Attaching cyano to the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde or ketone (e.g., cyanohydrin formation, etc.) (Class 558/351)
- Carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid halide, carboxylic acid anhydride, or compound containing carbon double bonded to nitrogen reacted with the inorganic cyanide (Class 558/352)
- Reactions utilizing epoxy compounds, or free radical reactions (e.g., utilizing peroxy or azo promotors, etc.) (Class 558/358)
- The carbons that form the bond each lose halogen in the process (Class 558/359)
- The carbon to carbon bond forms between plural molecules of identical nitrile reactants (e.g., dimerization, etc.) (Class 558/360)
- Formation of a carbocyclic ring (Class 558/365)
- Cyanoalkylation of an acyclic or alicyclic carbon, which is adjacent to a benzene ring or an atom double or triple bonded to a non-carbon atom, by means of acrylonitrile or hydrocarbyl-substituted acrylonitrile (e.g., cyanoethylation, etc.) (Class 558/367)
- Alkylation of an acyclic or alicyclic carbon, which is adjacent to a benzene ring or an atom double or triple bonded to a non-carbon atom, by means of an alkyl halide, alkyl sulfate, substituted alkyl halide or substituted alkyl sulfate (Class 558/369)
- Reactant contains two cyano groups bonded directly to the same unsaturated carbon (Class 558/370)
- Aldehyde or ketone reactant (Class 558/371)
- Carbon to carbon double bond is formed between a nitrile reactant having no acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon double bond and a second reactant (Class 558/375)
- Hydrogen bonded to a benzene ring is replaced by carbon (Class 558/376)
- A nitrile reactant and a second reactant each contain an acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon double bond (Class 558/377)
- A nitrile reactant contains no acyclic or alicyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation (Class 558/378)
- Non-carbon atom in acyclic chain between the benzene ring and the cyano group (Class 558/389)
- Benzene ring and cyano connected by a chain consisting of two carbons multiple bonded to each other (Class 558/401)
- Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (Class 558/404)
- Nitrogen, except as nitro or nitroso, attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (Class 558/408)
- Oxygen attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (e.g., nitro group, etc.) (Class 558/410)
- Sulfur and hydroxy bonded directly to the same benzene ring, or containing a monocyclic unsaturated alicyclic ring or thiocarbonyl (Class 558/412)
- Sulfur, double bonded to oxygen, attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (Class 558/413)
- Carbonyl attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (Class 558/414)
- Nitrogen, except as nitro or nitroso, attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (Class 558/418)
- Oxygen attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (Class 558/423)
- Halogen attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (Class 558/425)
- Sulfur attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (Class 558/436)
- Carbonyl attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (e.g., aldehydes, ketones, etc.) (Class 558/440)
- Nitrogen, double bonded to carbon, attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (e.g., imines, oximes, etc.) (Class 558/446)
- Plural carbons bonded directly to the same oxygen (Class 558/447)
- Having -OH bonded directly to carbon (wherein H of -OH may be replaced by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, or by a Group IA or IIA light metal) by dehydroacylation, etc.) (Class 558/451)
- Nitrogen attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (Class 558/452)
- Halogen attached indirectly to the cyano group by nonionic bonding (Class 558/460)
- Carbon to carbon unsaturation containing (Class 558/462)
- Processes for preparation of saturated nitriles (Class 558/467)