Abstract: Processes for producing nitrogen containing compounds include producing hexamethylenediamine (HMD), adiponitrile (ADN), adipamide (ADM) and derivatives thereof from adipic acid (AA) obtained from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA) or monoammonium adipate (MAA).

Abstract: Disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst which enables to produce an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid in high selectivity from an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde. Also disclosed are a method for producing such a catalyst and a method for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid using such a catalyst. Specifically disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst containing 0.001 to 0.25 mole of antimony element to 1 mole of palladium element or a palladium-containing catalyst containing palladium element which composes a metal, tellurium element, and bismuth element.

Abstract: A method for producing N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formamidine, including the steps of reacting an N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formimidate and ammonia by adding aqueous ammonia to a solution or suspension of an N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formimidate in ether, or alternatively directly adding an N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formimidate or adding a solution or suspension of an N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formimidate in ether to a liquid containing ether and aqueous ammonia.

Abstract: An oxime ester compound of formula (I) useful as a photopolymerization initiator. A photopolymerization initiator having the oxime ester compound as an active ingredient is activated through efficient absorption of light of long wavelength, e.g., 405 nm or 365 nm, to exhibit high sensitivity. In formula (I), R1 and R2 are each R11, OR11, COR11, SR11, CONR12R13, or CN; R11, R12, and R13 are each hydrogen, a C1-C20 alkyl group, C6-C30 aryl group, a C7-C30 arylalkyl group, or a C2-C20 heterocyclic group; R3 and R4 are each R11, OR11, SR11, COR11, CONR12R13, NR12COR11, OCOR11, COOR11, SCOR11, OCSR11, COSR11, CSOR11, CN, halogen, or a hydroxyl group; a and b is each 0 to 4; X is oxygen, sulfur, selenium, CR31R32, CO, NR33, or PR34; and R31, R32, R33, and R34 each have the same meaning as R1.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula (I), in which R1 and R2 are independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 together form a C5-C7 ring, R3-R7 are independently selected from H, halogen, alkyl and alkoxy, X is (CH2)n in which n is 0-5, Y is selected from CH2, NR8, O or S in which R8 is H or alkyl, salts thereof and stereoisomers thereof, for the prophylaxis or treatment of malaria.

Abstract: A method for producing N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formamidine, including the steps of reacting an N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formimidate and ammonia by adding aqueous ammonia to a solution or suspension of an N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formimidate in ether, or alternatively directly adding an N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formimidate or adding a solution or suspension of an N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formimidate in ether to a liquid containing ether and aqueous ammonia.

Abstract: Disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst which enables to produce an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid in high selectivity from an olefin or an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde. Also disclosed are a method for producing such a catalyst and a method for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid using such a catalyst. Specifically disclosed is a palladium-containing catalyst containing 0.001 to 0.25 mole of antimony element to 1 mole of palladium element or a palladium-containing catalyst containing palladium element which composes a metal, tellurium element, and bismuth element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts and processes for preparation thereof, said catalysts being obtainable by contacting a monolithic catalyst support with a suspension which comprises one or more insoluble or sparingly soluble compounds of the elements selected from the group of the elements cobalt, nickel and copper. The invention further relates to the use of the inventive catalyst in a process for hydrogenating organic substances, especially for hydrogenating nitriles, and to a process for hydrogenating organic compounds, which comprises using an inventive catalyst in the process.

Abstract: A method for producing N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)imidates represented by the following formula (1-III) under low temperature conditions within a short period of time in high yield is provided. In addition, a method for producing N-(2-amino-1,2-dicyanovinyl)formamidine represented by the following formula (2-II) which is suitably applicable to a cyclization reaction for producing AICN, AICA or the like and which enhances yield of the cyclization reaction is provided. In addition, a method for producing aminoimidazole derivatives represented by the following formula (3-V) in high yield by using diaminomaleonitrile as a starting material is provided.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel substituted N?-cyano-N-halogenalkylimidamide derivatives, to processes for their preparation and to their use for controlling animal pests, especially arthropods, in particular insects.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel tropane compounds and methods for their use.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a 3,3-dialkoxy-2-hydroxyiminopropionitrile represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different from each other, and each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a process for preparing the same, and a process for preparing a 5-amino-4-nitrosopyrazole compound represented by the formula (4): wherein R4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent(s) or an aryl group which may have a substituent(s), or an acid salt thereof using the same.

Abstract: Compounds and methods for mitigating neurodegeneration, effecting neuroprotection and/or effecting cognition enhancement in a subject are described. Neurological or cognitive conditions are treated by administering to a subject an effective amount of a therapeutic compound comprising a nitrate ester, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula: 1

Abstract: The present invention is substituted amines of formula (X) 1

Abstract: Crystals with an average crystal size of ≦10 &mgr;m comprising compounds of the formula Ia and/or IIa A process for making said crystals.

Abstract: Substituted cyanoenamines of the general formula I 1

Abstract: Halides are removed from halide-containing nitrile mixtures by(a) thermally treating the halide-containing nitrile mixture,(b) subsequently adding a base to the thermally treated nitrile mixture and(c) subsequently separating off the base from the nitrile mixture.Amines are prepared by(A) reacting alkyl halides with metal cyanides in an at least two-phase reaction medium in the presence of halide-containing phase-transfer catalysts to give alkanenitriles,(B) separating off the resulting halide-containing alkanenitrile mixture phase and(C) further treating the halide-containing alkanenitrile mixture phase, as described in the stages(a)-(c) removing halides from halide-containing nitrile mixtures and(d) hydrogenating nitrites obtained in stage (c) to give amines, in the presence of suspended or fixed-bed catalysts.

Abstract: In the presence of a metal catalyst such as a samarium compound, an oxime ester compound shown by the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are the same or different from each other, and each represents a non-reactive atom or a non-reactive organic group; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, together with the adjacent carbon atom, may bond together to form a ringis reacted with a cyanogenation agent such as an .alpha.-cyanohydrin compound (e.g., acetone cyanohydrin)to form an .alpha.-aminonitrile derivative. By hydrolyzing the .alpha.-aminonitrile derivative, the corresponding .alpha.-amino acid or a salt thereof can be obtained. According to the above processes, an .alpha.-aminonitrile derivative and an .alpha.-amino acid can be obtained in high yields.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of malononitrile which involves subjecting a (2-cyano-N-alkoxy)acetimidoyl halide to a high-temperature treatment.

Abstract: Aliphatic nitrate esters having a sulfur or phosphorus atom .beta. or .gamma. to a nitrate group and their congeners having efficacy as neuroprotective agents are described. Preferred nitrate esters may be synthesized by nitration of a 3-bromo-1,2-propanediol, and subsequent reaction to yield the desired mono-, di- or tetra-nitrate ester.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound having conjugated double bonds in an acyclic structure formed by Schiff base reaction between an unsaturated aldehyde (RCHO) and diaminomaleonitrile (DE). The compound is a monoalkylated DAMN derivative having one unit of diaminomaleonitrile for every unit of alkyl (RC) derived from the unsaturated aldehyde. The invention also provides a polymer having an acyclic structure and containing monomeric units formed by Schiff base reaction between an unsaturated aldehyde and a diaminomaleonitrile.

Abstract: A new and versatile route to N'-[5-[[4-[[5-(acetylhydroxyamino)pentyl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutyl]hydroxyamin o]pentyl]-N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxybutanediamide, desferrioxamine B (DFO) is described. N-Benzyloxy-1,5-diaminopentane is selectively protected at the primary amino site. The product is reacted at the benzyloxyamine with an anhydride to produce a carboxylic acid which is, in turn, acylated regio-specifically with a diamine at the primary amine to give a benzyloxyamine. The previous two steps are repeated to afford a DFO reagent. Acetylation of the DFO reagent, followed by hydrogenolysis and tert-butoxycarbonyl group removal, furnishes DFO.

Abstract: Dye-donor element for use according to thermal dye sublimation transfer comprising a support having thereon a dye layer containing a dye corresponding to the following formula ##STR1## wherein Z represents CN, COOR.sup.1 or CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 ;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together represent the necessary atoms to close a heterocyclic nucleus or substituted heterocyclic nucleus;Y represents OR.sup.4 or NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 or CN;R.sup.4 represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, SO.sub.2 R.sup.7, COR.sup.7, CSR.sup.7, POR.sup.7 R.sup.8 ;R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently has one of the significances given to R.sup.4 or represent substituted or unsubstituted amino, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 3-aminopropanol and a primary amine by reacting a cyanoethyl ketoxime with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to generate the primary amine and aminopropanol. The sequence of reactions to form the aminopropanol and primary amine involves the reaction of hydroxylamine with a ketone to generate a ketoxime followed by reaction of acrylonitrile with the ketoxime to generate a cyanoethyl ketoxime followed by complete hydrogenation of the cyanoethyl ketoxime in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to generate the primary amine and aminopropanol. The significant advantage associated with this process is the high degree of selectivity to 3-aminopropanol and the primary amine.

Abstract: Synthesis of desferrioxamine B and analogs and homologs thereof beginning with O-protected, N-protected hydroxylamine, which is N-alkylated to produce a protected N-4-cyanoalkylhydroxylamine which is acylated with a suitable anhydride. The resulting half-acid amide is subjected to a series of high yield condensations and reductions which vide desferrioxamine B in high overall yield. Alternatively, polyether analogs of desferrioxamine B can be prepared by reacting an activated polyether with the O-protected, N-protected hydroxylamine and subjecting the resulting product to a series of similar steps.

Abstract: Synthesis of desferrioxamine B and analogs and homologs thereof beginning with O-protected, N-protected hydroxylamine, which is N-alkylated to produce a protected N-4-cyanoalkylhydroxylamine which is acylated with a suitable anhydride. The resulting half-acid amide is subjected to a series of high yield condensations and reductions which provide desferrioxamine B in high overall yield. Alternatively, polyether analogs of desferrioxamine B can be prepared by reacting an activated polyether with the O-protected, N-protected hydroxylamine and subjecting the resulting product to a series of similar steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyfluoroalkyl nitrogen compounds of general formula:R.sub.F --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --Xin which X denotes an isothiocynate --N.dbd.C.dbd.S, carbodiimide --N.dbd.C.dbd.N(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --R'.sub.F or thiourea --NH--CS--A group, A denoting an optionally substituted amino group, and each of the symbols R.sub.F and R'.sub.F denotes a perfluoroalkyl radical.These compounds, prepared from the corresponding azides R.sub.F (CH.sub.2).sub.2 N.sub.3 or amines R.sub.F (CH.sub.2).sub.2 NH.sub.2, can be used as surface-active agents or precursors of such agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyfluoroaklyl nitrogen compounds of general formula:R.sub.F --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --Xin which X denotes an isothiocyanate --N.dbd.C.dbd.S, carbodiimide --N.dbd.C.dbd.N(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --R'.sub.F or thiourea --NH--CS--A group, A denoting an optionally substituted amino group, and each of the symbols R.sub.F and R'.sub.F denotes a perfluoroalkyl radical.these compounds, prepared from the corresponding axides R.sub.F (CH.sub.2).sub.2 N.sub.3 or amines R.sub.F(CH.sub.2).sub.2 NH.sub.2, can be used as surface-active agents or precursors of such agents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a synthesis of desferrioxamine B and analogs and homologs thereof beginning with the generation of the O-protected N-(4-cyanobutyl)hydroxylamine which is acylated at the O-benzylhydroxylamine nitrogen with either succinic or acetic anhydride. The resulting half-acid amide or amide respectively, is subjected to a series of high yield condensations and reductions which provide desferrioxamine B in 45% overall yield. Finally, a desamino analog of desferrioxamine is prepared in order to demonstrate the synthetic utility of the scheme as applied to desferrioxamine derivatives.