Abstract: PROBLEM To provide an environmentally-friendly method for producing industrially an ester compound. SOLUTION The present invention is a method for producing an ester compound which comprises subjecting a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to dehydration-condensation reaction using an involatile acid catalyst and then removing the residual acid catalyst by bringing a weak basic substance into contact with the residual acid catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is related to 4-hepten-2-yl salicylate and its use as fragrance ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel and improved nucleosidic and nucleotidic compounds that are useful in the light-directed synthesis of oligonucleotides, as well as, methods and reagents for their preparation. These compounds are characterized by novel photolabile protective groups that are attached to either the 5?- or the 3?-hydroxyl group of a nucleoside moiety. The photolabile protective group is comprised of a 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-ethyoxycarbonyl skeleton with at least one substituent on the aromatic ring that is either an aryl, an aroyl, a heteroaryl or an alkoxycarbonyl group. The present invention includes the use of the aforementioned compounds in light-directed oligonucleotide synthesis, the respective assembly of nucleic acid microarrays and their application.

Abstract: A novel ester of an optionally substituted aromatic acid (for example benzoic acid) and a branched C13 primary alcohol is suitable for use in providing improved cosmetic and personal care compositions including sunscreen, antiperspirant and deodorant compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed are toluate ester compositions and their use as solvent, plasticizers, extender and/or diluents in binder formulations, a method of producing such ester compositions, as well as polymer compositions containing such liquid ester compositions. Also disclosed is a method of making toluate based esters by reacting methyl-p-toluate with ethylene glycol, diethylene or triethylene glycol, butanediol, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an optically active ester by highly selectively esterifying one enantiomer of a racemic carboxylic acid, while producing an optically active carboxylic acid which is the other enantiomer. An optically active ester is produced while producing an optically active carboxylic acid at the same time by reacting a racemic carboxylic acid with a specific alcohol or phenol derivative in the presence of benzoic anhydride or a derivative thereof and a catalyst such as tetramisole or benzotetramisole, thereby selectively esterifying one enantiomer of the racemic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A thermoacid generator for antireflective film formation, characterized by being represented by the following formula (1): (wherein R1 represents C1-20 alkyl, alkenyl, oxoalkyl, or oxoalkenyl (hydrogen atoms in these groups may have been replaced with fluorine atoms); R2 represents linear, branched, or cyclic C1-20 alkyl, alkenyl, oxoalkyl, or oxoalkenyl, C6-20 aryl, or C7-12 aralkyl or aryloxoalkyl; R3 represents hydrogen or alkyl; and Y? represents a non-nucleophilic counter ion); a composition for forming an antireflective film; and an antireflective film made from the composition. With the thermoacid generator and composition, satisfactory etching resistance and the satisfactory ability to prevent the reflection of short-wavelength light (ability to absorb short-wavelength light) are attained. Furthermore, the antireflective film can inhibit an overlying photoresist film from generating a scum.

Abstract: A problem of the present invention is to provide an economical process with minimized toxicity for producing an aromatic compound having a variety of substituents such as various alkyl groups, and the problem is solved by a process for production of an aromatic compound represented by formula (1) below, which comprises reacting a compound represented by formula (2) below with an aromatic magnesium reagent represented by formula (3a) below in the presence of an iron catalyst and a diamine compound: wherein R is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or a C3-C10 saturated or unsaturated ring group; A is an optionally substituted C4-C20 aromatic group or an optionally substituted heteroaromatic group; X is a halogen atom or a sulfonic acid ester; and Y1 is bromine, iodine, chlorine or a carbanion ligand.

Abstract: Absorbable polyurethanes, polyamides and polyester urethanes prepared from at least one compound selected from: or the diamines and diisocyanates thereof, wherein each X represents a member independently selected from —CH2COO— (glycolic acid moiety), —CH(CH3)COO— (lactic acid moiety), —CH2CH2OCH2COO— (dioxanone), —CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO— (caprolactone moiety), —(CH2)yCOO— where y is one of the numbers 2, 3, 4 or 6-24 inclusive, and —(CH2CH2O)z?CH2COO— where z? is an integer between 2 and 24, inclusive; each Y represents a member independently selected from —COCH2O— (glycolic ester moiety), —COCH(CH3)O— (lactic ester moiety), —COCH2OCH2CH2O— (dioxanone ester), —COCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2O— (caprolactone ester), —CO(CH2)mO— where m is an integer between 2, 3, 4 or 6-24 inclusive, —COCH2O(CH2CH2O)n— where n is an integer between 2 and 24, inclusive; R? is hydrogen, benzyl or an alkyl group, the alkyl group being either straight-chained or branched; p is an integer between 1 and 4, inclusive; and Rn represents one or more

Abstract: The present invention relates to zinc amide bases of the general formula (I) (R1R2N)2—Zn.aMgX12.bLiX2??(I) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or silyl derivatives thereof, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl, and wherein R1 and R2 can form together a ring structure, or R1 and/or R2 can be part of a polymer structure; X12 is a divalent anion or two monovalent anions that are independent from each other; X2 is a monovalent anion; a is >0; and b is >0. The zinc amide bases can be used, amongst other things, for deprotonation and metallization of aromatics.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using alkyl/aryl iodides with alcohols or water treated by photosensitizers are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled esters and acids, and pharmaceutical acceptable salts and solvates are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits and method for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a green process for direct oxidation of a large number of substituted or unsubstituted cinnamaldehydes or cinnamyl alcohols into the corresponding alkyl or aryl cinnamates in one step. The process of the present invention is a convenient and efficient green process for the preparation of various aryl or alkyl cinnamates under conventional, microwave and ultrasound directly from cinnamaldehydes or cinnamyl alcohols in the presence of an oxidizing agent, catalyst and an alcohol, with or without an organic solvent. These esters are immensely important compounds in flavor, perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. There are several prior arts available for the preparation of cinnamic esters, but all of them suffer from deficiencies such as use of expensive reagents and catalysts, harsh reaction conditions, use of toxic chemicals and others.

Abstract: A sulfonium salt has formula (1) wherein R1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group except vinyl and isopropenyl, R2, R3, and R4 are alkyl, alkenyl, oxoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or aryloxoalkyl or may bond together to form a ring with the sulfur atom, and n is 1 to 3. A chemically amplified resist composition comprising the sulfonium salt is capable of forming a fine feature pattern of good profile after development due to high resolution, improved focal latitude, and minimized line width variation and profile degradation upon prolonged PED.

Abstract: Acetals are formed from an aldehyde hydrogenation product mixture comprising alcohols and at most 2% of alde-hydes and the product is distilled to yield purified alcohols and a second stream containing acetals and/or unsaturated ethers.

Abstract: Provide that a useful catalyst for homogeneous hydrogenation, particularly a catalyst for homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation for hydrogenation, particularly asymmetric hydrogenation, which is obtainable with comparative ease and is excellent in economically and workability, and a process for producing a hydrogenated compound of an unsaturated compound, particularly an optically active compound using said catalyst with a high yield and optical purity.

Abstract: A novel macromer or mixture thereof is described herein, comprising benzoyl isocyanate terminal moieties and at least two residues of a water-soluble polymer having a molecular weight ranging from 80 to 10,000 adjacent to the carbonyl group of the benzoyl isocyanate moieties, thereby forming at least two ester linkages in the macromer or mixture thereof. A method for making a diisocyanate macromer is also described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of catalytic hydrogenation and, more particularly, to the use of Ru complexes with bidentate ligands, having one amino or imino coordinating group and one phosphino coordinating group, in hydrogenation processes for the reduction of esters or lactones into the corresponding alcohol or diol respectively.

Abstract: A method for making diazo-compounds, diazonium salts thereof and other protected forms of these compounds. Diaz-compounds are prepared by reaction of a tertiary phosphine reagent carrying a reactive carbonyl group with an azide. The reaction can also generate an acyl triazene which can be converted thermally or by addition of base to form the diazo-compound or the acyl triazene can be isolated. The method is particularly useful for conversion of azides carrying one or more electron withdrawing groups to diazo-compounds. The method can be carried out in aqueous medium under mild conditions and is particularly useful for conversion of azido sugars to diazo-compound and diazonium salts thereof under physiological conditions. Tertiary phosphine reagents, particularly those that are water-soluble, and precursors for preparation of the reagents are provided.

Abstract: There is provided herein a hydroxyl group-terminated halobenzoate ester of the general formula (1), wherein each X independently is bromine, chlorine, or hydrogen, provided that at least one X is bromine or chlorine, and R is a divalent organic group of from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, wherein R can optionally contain at least one additional hydroxyl group. There is also provided herein a flame-retardant composition, which comprises a first flame-retardant which is at least one of the aforementioned ester and further comprises a second flame-retardant which is at least one phosphate ester. There is provided flame-retardant polyurethane foams comprising said ester or said composition. There is still also provided herein, process(es) of making the hydroxyl group-terminated halobenzoate ester of the general formula (1) wherein R is a divalent organic group of from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, wherein R can optionally contain at least one additional hydroxyl group, and polyurethane foams made using the same.

Abstract: The invention provides epoxy and oxetane compositions including the novel acyloxy and N-acyl curing agents described herein. Use of invention curing agents result in cured adhesive compositions with remarkably increased adhesion and reduced hydrophilicity when compared to resins cured with other types of curing agents. Furthermore, the curatives of this invention do not interfere with free-radical cure and are thus suited for use in hybrid cure thermoset compositions.

Abstract: A process of slowing down diffusion of an element or a compound through a fluoroplastic comprising the addition of a reactive additive having reactive groups that react with the element or compound. A process of preventing degradation of the fluoroplastics PVDF and ECTFE used in, or in connection with a reactor where chlorine dioxide is produced comprising mixing the fluoroplastic with a reactive additive having reactive groups. A diffusion resistant fluoroplastic which comprises a reactive additive having reactive groups that react with an element and/or compound to which the fluoroplastic is diffusion resistant. The use of a reactive additive having reactive groups as an additive in a fluoroplastic to prevent or slow down the diffusion of an element or a compound through the fluoroplastic.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a product selected from the group consisting of foodstuffs, beverages, oral care products, tobacco products and flavourings, said product containing at least 0.01 mg/kg of one or more flavour improving substances selected from the group of substituted phenol esters represented by the following the formula, salts of these compounds and combinations thereof: Formula (I). The invention also relates to novel substituted phenol esters represented by the above formula.

Abstract: Vitamin D derivatives, notably non-steroidal vitamin D derivatives, are prepared from novel disubstituted phenylboronic acid compounds having the formula (I): and also from the novel intermediates having the formulae (1), (2), (3) and (10):

Abstract: The present invention is directed to water-soluble derivatives of 2,6-diisopropylphenol (Propofol). The compounds act as prodrugs of 2,6-diisopropylphenol and metabolize rapidly to Propofol thereby providing an alternative to the water-insoluble 2,6-diisopropylphenol. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation as well as methods of treating neurodegenerative diseases utilizing pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of preparing them are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel compounds of formula (I): wherein A1, A2, A3, A4, R1, R2, G1, G2, Q1 and Q2 are as defined in claim 1; or salts or N-oxides thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to processes for preparing compounds of formula (I), to insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal and nematicidal compositions comprising them and to methods of using them to combat and control insect, acarine, mollusc and nematode pests.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using alkyl/aryl iodides with alcohols pretreated by a base are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled esters are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing proponates which comprises the steps of (i) supplying a solution of methanol containing 4-hydroxyphenylmethylcarbinol, (ii) subjecting said solution to an acid catalyzed displacement reaction for a sufficient period of time and under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure to convert substantially all of said carbinol to 4-hydroxyphenylmethylcarbinol methyl ether in solution, (iii) replacing the methanol in said ether containing solution with a second solvent and (iv) reacting the ether containing ethyl lactate solution with a suitable acid catalyst for a sufficient period of time and under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure to form said propanoates. New compositions of matter which comprise the propanoates, prepared in the above manner, have application in the electronic chemicals market such as in a photoresist composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing acyl peroxides. According to said method, an acyl chloride, carboxylic acid anhydride or chloroformate is reacted with an organic hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide in at least two mixed reaction zones that are connected in series, the acyl compound, the peroxy compound and an aqueous solution of a base being supplied to the first reaction zone. The first reaction zone comprises a cycle for the two-phase reaction mixture via a heat exchanger in which the reaction mixture is cooled. The method allows the reaction to be carried out reliably and with high space-time yields.

Abstract: Improved methods to prepare aqueous extracts of gallic acid esters including 1-O-galloyl-?-D-glucose (?-glucogallin) and other mucic acid gallates from the fruits of Emblica officinalis, wherein enrichment of gallic acid esters is achieved by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) procedure, are disclosed. The use of such standardized extracts of gallic acid esters (greater than 40% w/w of gallic acid esters) in the manufacture of medicaments with diverse health benefits, is also disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with aspects of the invention methods of using rhodium hydroquinone catalysts for the conjugate addition of boronic acids are disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of using the compounds for treatment of p38 MAP kinase-mediated diseases, and methods of using the compounds for treatment of Raf kinase-mediated diseases.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to novel cycloalkylphenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which J, X, Y, m and CKE are as defined above, to processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides. Moreover, the disclosure relates to selective herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, the cycloalkylphenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols and, secondly, a crop plant compatibility-improving compound. The disclosure furthermore relates to increasing the activity of crop protection compositions comprising compounds of the formula (I) by adding ammonium or phosphonium salts and, if appropriate, penetrants.

Abstract: A process for producing a cyclopropylphenol represented by of formula (10): wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 each may represent a hydrogen; Z represents a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl; and Y1, Y2 and Y3 each may represent a hydrogen; by reacting a compound of formula (7): wherein X represents a halogen; and V represents a hydrogen or —W—R5, with a metal, metal salt or organometallic compound of formula (8): M2 to obtain a compound of formula (9): and obtaining a compound of formula (10) by hydrolysis in the case wherein V represents —W—R5, wherein W is CO, SO or SO2 and R5 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy.

Abstract: Mixtures comprising amorphous phenolic stabilisers and at least one reducing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are 2-quinoxalinol salen compounds and in particular 2-quinoxalinol salen Schiff-base ligands. The disclosed 2-quinoxalinol salen compounds may be utilized as ligands for forming complexes with cations, and further, the formed complexes may be utilized as catalysts for oxidation reactions. The disclosed 2-quinoxalinol salen compounds also may be conjugated to solid supports and utilized in methods for selective solid-phase extraction or detection of cations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of alkyl p-toluates from an alkyl p-toluic acid ester and a mono-functional, branched, linear or cyclic medium chain length alkyl alcohol, and their use as a plasticizer in polymers. Additionally, the present invention relates to articles and materials comprising such alkyl p-toluates.

Abstract: The invention describes the use of PPAR agonists of the formulae (I) or (II) for the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF).

Abstract: Mono- or difluorinated hydrocarbon compounds are prepared from an alcohol or a carbonylated compound by reacting one of these with a fluorinating reagent, optionally in the presence of a base, the fluorinating agent comprising a pyridinium reactant having the following formula (F), wherein R0 is an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical:

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of end groups Y, where Y stands for (formula I), where Rf stands for CF3—(CH2)r—, CF3—(CH2)r—O—, CF3—(CH2)r—S—, CF3CF2—S—, SF5—(CH2)r—, [CF3—(CH2)r]2N—, [CF3—(CH2)r]NH— or (CF3)2N—(CH2)r—, B stands for a single bond, O, NH, NR, CH2, C(O)—O, C(O), S, CH2—O, O—C(O), N—C(O), C(O)—N, O—C(O)—N, N—C(O)—N, O—SO2 or SO2—O, R stands for alkyl having 1 to 4 C atoms, b stands for 0 or 1 and c stands for 0 or 1, q stands for 0 or 1, where at least one radical from b and q stands for 1, and r stands for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, as end group in surface-active compounds, to corresponding novel compounds, and to processes for the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: This invention describes reagent precursors and methods for chemical and biochemical reactions. These reagent precursors that can be activated in solution upon irradiation to generate reagents required for the subsequent chemical reactions. Specifically, photogenerated reagents (PGR) are useful for controlling parallel combinatorial synthesis and various chemical and biochemical reactions.

Abstract: A method of producing a purified ester-substituted phenol stream is provided. The method includes a first step of obtaining from a melt transesterification reaction a byproduct stream containing a residual ester-substituted diaryl carbonate, an ester-substituted phenol, a residual melt transesterification catalyst, and a catalyst degradation product. A second step includes treating the reaction byproduct stream to separate ester-substituted phenol and catalyst degradation product from residual ester-substituted diaryl carbonate and residual melt transesterification catalyst to create a light recycle stream containing ester-substituted phenol and catalyst degradation product and a heavy recycle stream containing residual ester-substituted diaryl carbonate and residual melt transesterification catalyst. A third step includes treating the light recycle stream to reduce catalyst degradation product concentration thereby producing a purified ester-substituted phenol stream.

Abstract: Novel compounds are provided, which are useful as linking groups in chemical synthesis, preferably in the solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides and polypeptides. These compounds are generally photolabile and comprise protecting groups which can be removed by photolysis to unmask a reactive group. The protecting group has the general formula Y, wherein Y is a chemical structure as shown in FIG. 1. Also provided is a method of forming, from component molecules, a plurality of compounds on a support, each compound occupying a separate predefined region of the support, using the protected compounds described above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulfur-containing compound and the preparation thereof. The invention also relates to the uses of the sulfur-containing compound in inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase and/or cyclooxygenase-2 and in treating the diseases associated with inducible nitric oxide synthase and/or cyclooxygenase-2. This invention also describes a series of chemical analogues of the said sulfur-containing compound and the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pyridine oxide compound represented by formula (I), an optically active compound thereof, a salt thereof and a hydrate thereof, and, in the presence of the compound as a catalyst, performing 1) a method for producing an ester compound or an amide compound from a carboxylic acid equivalent and an alcohol or an amine, 2) an asymmetric esterification reaction or 3) an asymmetric amidation reaction.

Abstract: A process for producing a cyclopropylphenol represented by of formula (10): wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 each may represent a hydrogen; Z represents a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl; and Y1, Y2 and Y3 each may represent a hydrogen; by reacting a compound of formula (7): wherein X represents a halogen; and V represents a hydrogen or —W—R5, with a metal, metal salt or organometallic compound of formula (8): M2 to obtain a compound of formula (9): and obtaining a compound represented by general of formula (10) by hydrolysis in the case wherein V represents —W—R5, wherein W is CO, SO or SO2 and R5 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a high intensity radiopaque contrast agent is disclosed. The agent may be coated on or incorporated within bulk materials, which may then be subsequently utilized to fabricate a radiopaque medical device. Primary effects through chemistry include higher radiopaque concentrations per unit weight of the radiopaque element or agent. Secondary effects include selective placement of the radiopaque elements which may further enhance the radiopacity of the device with reduced requirements of the radiopaque agent. Such a radiopaque contrast agent may be produced in various forms such as a dendrimer and/or incorporated as the end groups of polymeric chain. In addition one can incorporate biological and/or pharmaceutical agents in combination with the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention is related to 4-hepten-2-yl salicylate and its use as fragrance ingredient.

Abstract: The compounds of the general formula (I) in which X is represents two hydrogen atoms, a ?-bond, oxygen or methylene: R2 is a C6-C12 aryl, or arylalkyl residue: R3 is hydrogen, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-aminoethyl are useful for the treatment of pathologies mediated by vanilloid receptors type I.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using alkyl/aryl iodides with alcohols or water treated by photosensitizers are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled esters and acids, and pharmaceutical acceptable salts and solvates are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits and method for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for labeling One or two oxygen atom(s) in a carboxyl group of a carboxyl-containing compound with an oxygen isotope selected from oxygen-17 (17O) or oxygen-18 (18O). The methods of the present invention are characterized in that an activated ester of the carboxyl-containing compound (carboxylic acid) is reacted with H217O or H218O in the presence of an activator. In the methods of the present invention, the reaction between the activated ester of a carboxylic acid and H217O or H218O can be allowed to proceed without including drastic conditions such as strongly acidic conditions or alkaline hydrolysis because an activator is used.