Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media and display devices comprising polymerisable compounds, to the use of the polymerisable compounds for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays having a polymer-stabilised blue phase, and in LC media for LC displays of the PS or PSA (“polymer sustained” or “polymer sustained alignment”) type. The polymerisable compounds comprise a ring system which is functionalised by three or more polymerisable groups, each connected via an optional spacer group.

Abstract: The present invention describes dental adhesive compositions used for bonding dental biomaterials to hard tissue comprising a polymerizable blend of one or more newly synthesized low shrinkage, stable, multifunctional compounds, where the compounds are acidic-methacrylate derivatives, having excellent properties of bonding the hard tooth substance (enamel or dentin) to dental restorative materials, and present high quality marginal sealing between the tooth and the material thus bond and improved storage stability

Abstract: The present invention relates to cyclohexanes having carboxylate derivatives at the 1 and 4, and optionally the 2, position. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such compounds wherein a portion of the starting materials utililzed is derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to specific oxalic acid derivatives and to corresponding mixtures and to uses thereof as physiological cooling active ingredients.

Abstract: A compound represented by general formula (a-i) below, and a polymeric compound having a structural unit represented by general formula (a-ii) below (wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogenated lower alkyl group; X represents a divalent organic group represented by general formula (x-1) below; and R1 represents an organic group having a fluorine atom).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an eggshell catalyst comprising an active metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum and mixtures thereof, applied to a support material comprising silicon dioxide, wherein the pore volume of the support material is 0.6 to 1.0 ml/g, determined by Hg porosimetry, the BET surface area is 280 to 500 m2/g, and at least 90% of the pores present have a diameter of 6 to 12 nm, to a process for preparing this eggshell catalyst, to a process for hydrogenating an organic compound which comprises at least one hydrogenatable group using the eggshell catalyst, and to the use of the eggshell catalyst for hydrogenating an organic compound.

Abstract: A method for preparation of secondary alcohols with a high proportion of hydroxyl group at the C2 position is disclosed. Alkyl carboxylates, high in alpha-methylcarboxylate content, are produced via reaction of an alpha-olefin and a carboxylic acid in the presence of a cerium catalyst. The resultant alkyl carboxylate is hydrolyzed to yield a secondary alcohol with a high 2-hydroxyl content. The secondary alcohol may be used to prepare esters, especially phthalate esters or cyclohexanoate diesters, which are useful as plasticizers. These esters are more effective as plasticizers than esters derived from other secondary alcohols due to their high C2 point of attachment.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing highly pure 1,6-hexanediol in which the contents of impurities such as 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,7-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol and high boiling point components are significantly reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing 60% or more cis-di(C4-C20)alkyl cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate which exhibits superior plasticizing property for PVC resin. Instead of a phthalate- or terephthalate-based aromatic ester derivative, 60% or more cis-dimethyl cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate is used as a starting material. The 60% or more cis-dimethyl cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate is subjected to transesterification with (C4-C20) primary alcohol to prepare 60% or more cis-di(C4-C20)alkyl cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate. Methanol produced as a byproduct during the transesterification is removed and some of the primary alcohol, which is evaporated, is recycled. Thus prepared 60% or more cis-di(C4-C20)alkyl cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate exhibits superior plasticizer characteristics, including good plasticizing efficiency for PVC resin, high absorption rate, good product transparency after gelling, less bleeding toward the surface upon long-term use, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the production of phthalic anhydride wherein the spent catalyst is removed from the oxidation reactor tubes more effectively by vacuuming from the top and using a vacuum hose having a tip with an increased impact strength and with a maximum hardness. As a result, the new catalyst loading can be made more uniform and the process may be operated with improved stability at higher organics loadings in the reactor feed. Process stability may be further improved by varying the outlet temperature of the phthalic anhydride precondenser over time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of polymeric compounds having specific quaternized amine based upon a dimer acid reacted with a combination of a monohydroxy functional amine and a specific di-hydroxy functional tertiary alkanolamine, to make an ester tertiary amine, which is a subsequent step is converted to a quaternary compound. Dimer acid is a C-36 diacid having a cyclic structure and reacting it with the two type of amine groups allow for the synthesis of a high molecular weight cationic compound which is extremely substantitive to human skin and are well tolerated by human tissue making them suitable for use preparation of barrier products for personal care applications. These materials are dimethylaminopropyl amine free, which is highly desirable in personal care applications.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a first polymer including an acid-labile group, an acid generator to generate an acid upon exposure to radiation, and a second polymer including a fluorine atom and a functional group shown by a general formula (x). The second polymer has a fluorine atom content higher than a fluorine atom content of the first polymer. R1 represents an alkali-labile group. A represents an oxygen atom, —NR?—, —CO—O—# or —SO2—O—##, wherein the oxygen atom represented by A is not an oxygen atom bonded directly to an aromatic ring, a carbonyl group, or a sulfoxyl group, R? represents a hydrogen atom or an alkali-labile group, and “#” and “##” indicates a bonding hand bonded to R1.

Abstract: A method for preparing esters of cyclohexane polycarboxylic acids from esters of benzene polycarboxylic acids makes improvement to hydrogenation of esters of benzene polycarboxylic acids by using a reaction tank having a gas-introducing mixer capable of extracting and exhausting air and stirring to hydrogenate an ester of a benzene polycarboxylic acids into an ester of a cyclohexane polycarboxylic acid in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst; resulted in that the method advantageously minimizes the operational pressure for hydrogenating esters of benzene polycarboxylic acids and significantly lowers the reaction temperature for hydrogenation while effectively improving the yield of esters of cyclohexane polycarboxylic acids made from the esters of the benzene polycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: An exemplary curable epoxy resin composition is disclosed which includes at least an epoxy resin component and a hardener component, and optionally further additives, wherein (a) at least a part of the hardener component is a chemically modified polycarbonic acid anhydride; (b) an optional glycol or polyglycol; (c) or a compound containing two carboxylic groups is included; and (d) the chemically modified acid anhydride hardener is present in an amount comprising at least 10% of reactive hardening groups calculated to all the reactive hardening groups contained in the total amount of hardener component present in the epoxy resin composition.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and an apparatus useful for site-isolating reagents or catalysts during chemical reactions. The methods and apparatus are useful for carrying out cascade or domino reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shell catalyst containing ruthenium as an active metal, alone or together with at least one other metal of the auxiliary group IB, VIIB or VIII of the periodical system of the elements (CAS version), and applied to a carrier containing silicon dioxide as a carrier material. The invention also relates to a method for producing said shell catalyst, and to a method for hydrogenating an organic compound containing hydrogenable groups, preferably for hydrogenating a carbocyclic aromatic group to form the corresponding carbocyclic aliphatic groups or for hydrogenating aldehydes to form the corresponding alcohols, using the inventive shell catalyst. The invention further relates to the use of the inventive shell catalyst for hydrogenating an organic compound containing hydrogenable groups, preferably for hydrogenating a carbocyclic aromatic group to form the corresponding carbocyclic aliphatic groups or for hydrogenating aldehydes to form the corresponding alcohols.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating benzenepolycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, such as esters and/or anhydrides, is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to ruthenium alkylidene complexes having an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand comprising a 5-membered heterocyclic ring having a carbenic carbon atom and at least one nitrogen atom contained within the 5-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the nitrogen atom is directly attached to the carbenic carbon atom and is substituted by a phenyl ring, and wherein the phenyl ring has a hydrogen at either or both ortho positions and is substituted at at least one ortho or meta position. The invention also relates to an olefin metathesis reactions and particularly to the preparation of tetra-substituted cyclic olefins via a ring-closing metathesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ester compound using alicyclic polyhydric acid and to a plasticizer for plastics, particularly, polyvinylchloride (PVC), including the ester compound More particularly, the present invention relates to a plasticizer, which is derived by the esterification reaction of alicyclic polyhydric acid and alcohol. When a polyvinylchloride resin is manufactured using the plasticizer, there are advantages in that the obtained products are excellent in terms of plasticizing efficiency, and in that their physical properties, such as hardness, tensile strength and the like, can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for hydrogenating one or more organic compounds especially unsaturated organic compounds by bringing the compound into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, which comprises one or more catalytically active metals applied to a porous catalyst support. The one or more catalytically active metals having been derived via a decomposed organic complex of the metal on the support, in particular amine complexes of the metal. The decomposed complex may be treated with hydrogen to activate the catalyst before use as a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a first polymer including a repeating unit represented by a following formula (I). X+ is an onium cation. X+ in the formula (I) is preferably an onium cation represented by a following formula (1-1), an onium cation represented by a following formula (1-2) or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Crosslink agents used to copolymerize at least one hydrophilic monomer with at least one lens monomer typically used to prepare polymeric materials for ophthalmic lenses. The crosslink agents have a relatively high selectivity for the hydrophilic monomer and limited reactivity with the crosslink agent used to polymerize the lens monomer. Accordingly, the invention is also directed to a hydrophilic crosslinked polymer that comprises at least two monomeric units and at least two different crosslink units. The use of the dual crosslink system provides an improved means to control the final chemical, physical and structural characteristics of the resulting polymer.

Abstract: A composition comprising a blend of first and second esters: the first ester comprising a reaction product of first reactants comprising trimer acid, first polyhydric alcohol and first monohydric alcohol; the first monohydric alcohol selected from the group of C8-18 monohydric alcohols; the second ester comprising a reaction product of second reactants comprising trimer acid, second polyhydric alcohol and second monohydric alcohol; the second monohydric alcohol selected from the group of C6-10 monohydric alcohols; the first and second monohydric alcohols being non-identical. This blend of esters, in combination with silica, is useful as a sealant composition, e.g., as a cable-protectant composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cyclohexanes having carboxylate derivatives at the 1 and 4, and optionally the 2, position. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such compounds wherein a portion of the starting materials utililzed is derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: Process for producing protective or surface coatings by coating of substrates with a radiation curable coating composition and subsequent radiation curing, wherein the radiation curable coating composition comprises a compound of the formula I in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are an organic radical having in each case at least one C atom, but where the sum of the C atoms of R1 and R2 is at least 4, or R1 and R2 together form a ring system comprising at least 4 C atoms, R3 is a hydrogen atom or Y, X is a C1 to C10 alkylene group, n and m independently of one another are 0 or an integer from 1 to 50, Y is a group selected from —CH?CH2; —CH2—CH?CH2; or and R4 can be an H atom, a methyl group or —CH2—C(?O)—OH, and R5 is an H atom and R6 is a —C(?O)—OH group or, alternatively, R6 is an H atom and R5 is a —C(?O)—OH group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cyclohexenes having carboxylate derivatives at the 1 and 4, and optionally the 2, position. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such compounds wherein a portion of the starting materials utilized is derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing 60% or more cis-di(C4-C20)alkyl cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxy-late which exhibits superior plasticizing property for PVC resin. Instead of a phthalate- or terephthalate-based aromatic ester derivative, 60% or more cis-dimethyl cyclo-hexane-1,4-dicarboxylate is used as a starting material. The 60% or more cis-dimethyl cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate is subjected to transesterification with (C4-C20) primary alcohol to prepare 60% or more cis-di(C4-C20)alkyl cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate. Methanol produced as a byproduct during the transesterification is removed and some of the primary alcohol, which is evaporated, is recycled. Thus prepared 60% or more cis-di(C4-C20)alkyl cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate exhibits superior plasticizer characteristics, including good plasticizing efficiency for PVC resin, high absorption rate, good product transparency after gelling, less bleeding toward the surface upon long-term use, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of alicyclic polycarboxylic esters by ring-hydrogenation of the corresponding aromatic polycarboxylic esters on a catalyst which comprises at least one metal from the triad iron, cobalt, nickel, and at least one metal of the IInd, IIIrd, IVth, Vth, and/or VIth transition group of the Periodic Table. An alicyclic carboxylic ester mixture with a proportion above 10 mol % of the trans isomers. The use of the alicyclic polycarboxylic ester mixtures. Mixtures made from plastics and from alicyclic polycarboxylic ester mixtures.

Abstract: A photosensitive compound whose size is smaller than conventional polymer for photoresist, and which has well-defined (uniform) structure, and a photoresist composition including the same are disclosed. The photosensitive compound represented by the following formula. Also, the present invention provides a photoresist composition comprising 1 to 85 wt % (weight %) of the photosensitive compound; 0.05 to 15 weight parts of a photo-acid generator with respect to 100 weight parts of the photosensitive compound; and 10 to 5000 weight parts of an organic solvent. In the formula, n is 0 or 1, x is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, y is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, z is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, R, R? and R? are independently hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R?? is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to olefin metathesis catalysts general formula (I): having a thiazol-2-ylidene ligand of general formula (II): The catalysts have been found to be particularly good initiators of (a) ring-closing metathesis reactions used to prepare tetra-substituted cyclic olefins, and (b) cross-metathesis reactions used to prepare tri-substituted and di-substituted olefins.

Abstract: A hexahydrophthalate based compound is adapted to use as a plasticizer that contains no phthalic acid and benzoic acid, possess physical properties superior to DEHA and DINA in transparency and adhesion and is friendly to organisms and the environment; and a process for producing the hexahydrophthalate based compound includes esterifying hexahydrophthalic anhydride, a diol, and a catalyst for decarboxylation to get hexahydrophthalic alcohol, and adding a monoacid into the hexahydrophthalic alcohol for further esterification, thereby obtaining the hexahydrophthalate based compound.

Abstract: Diesters of 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylate are surprisingly more efficient PVC plasticizers and fuse PVC faster and at a lower temperature than similar phthalates or terephthalate diesters. Hydrogenated orthophthalate diesters are slower fusing, i.e., require higher temperatures, than do the corresponding orthophthalate diesters.

Abstract: A resin production apparatus of the present invention includes: a reactor vessel having a vessel main body which polymerizes an ingredient to produce a thermoplastic synthetic resin which solidifies at room temperature and storing the synthetic resin in the molten state, an output mechanism disposed at a bottom part of the vessel main body, which outputs the synthetic resin in the molten state, and a temperature adjustment mechanism which adjusts temperatures of the vessel main body and the output mechanism so as to maintain the molten state of the synthetic resin; a cooling mechanism arranged below the reactor vessel, which continuously cools and solidifies the synthetic resin output from the output mechanism; and a crushing mechanism which crushes the synthetic resin fed out from the cooling mechanism.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating benzenepolycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, such as esters and/or anhydrides, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for hydrogenating one or more organic compounds especially unsaturated organic compounds by bringing the compound into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, which comprises one or more catalytically active metals applied to a porous catalyst support. The one or more catalytically active metals having been derived via a decomposed organic complex of the metal on the support, in particular amine complexes of the metal. The decomposed complex may be treated with hydrogen to activate the catalyst before use as a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to 17? lupane derivatives of formula (I): wherein R1 and X are as defined herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof. These compounds exhibit significant anti-HIV activity. Thus, the invention also relates to methods for prevention or treatment of HIV infection by administering therapeutically effective amounts of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof to a subject in need of such treatment.

Abstract: In a hydroformylation reaction, the circulation and recovery of cobalt carbonyl in a cobalt catalyst cycle using carbonylate as an intermediate and acidification thereof, is improved by supplying an aqueous sulfuric acid solution containing less than 16% wt of sulfuric acid to the carbonylate to control sulfuric acid concentration in the carbonylate/acid mixture, before accounting for any acid consuming reaction, to a value of from 2% to 10% by weight. Single step and multistage liquid/liquid extraction techniques as well as vapor/liquid extraction techniques followed by the absorption of cobalt from the vapor in an organic liquid both benefit from this improvement.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating benzenepolycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, such as esters and/or anhydrides, by bringing one or more benzenepolycarboxylic acids or one or more derivatives thereof into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas in the presence of one or more catalytically active metal, such as platinum, palladium ruthenium or mixtures thereof, deposited on a catalyst support comprising one or more ordered mesoporous materials.

Abstract: The epoxy resin molding material of the invention comprises (A) an epoxy resin and (B) a curing agent, wherein the (B) curing agent contains a polyvalent carboxylic acid condensate. The thermosetting resin composition of the invention comprises (A) an epoxy resin and (B) a curing agent, wherein the viscosity of the (B) curing agent is 1.0-1000 mPa·s at 150° C., as measured with an ICI cone-plate Brookfield viscometer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for hydrogenating one or more organic compounds especially unsaturated organic compounds by bringing the compound into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, which comprises one or more catalytically active metals applied to a porous catalyst support. The one or more catalytically active metals having been derived via a decomposed organic complex of the metal on the support, in particular amine complexes of the metal. The decomposed complex may be treated with hydrogen to activate the catalyst before use as a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that certain polyester compounds bearing are useful as b-stageable and/or liquid adhesives for the microelectronic packaging industry.

Abstract: Oxo-diesters of cyclic olefins, methods of making them and their use as plasticizers in polymer compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that a certain polyester compounds are useful as b-stageable adhesives for the microelectonic packaging industry. The polyester compounds described herein contain ring-opening or ring-forming polymerizable moieties and therefore exhibit little to no shrinkage upon cure. In addition, there are provided well-defined b-stageable adhesives useful in stacked die assemblies. In particular, there are provided assemblies wherein the b-stageable adhesive encapsulates a portion of the wiring members contained within the bondline gap between the stacked die.

Abstract: Use of cyclohexanepolycarboxylic acid derivatives in auxiliaries or as auxiliaries selected from the group consisting of the following auxiliaries: surface-active compositions selected from flow promoters, film-forming aids, defoamers, antifoams, wetting agents, coalescers, and emulsifiers; lubricants, selected from lubricating oils, lubricating greases, and lubricating pastes; calendering auxiliaries; rheology auxiliaries, quenchers for chemical reactions; phlegmatizers; pharmaceutical products; plasticizers in adhesives; in impact modifiers, and in other modifiers, and also surface-active compositions, lubricants, calendering auxiliaries, rheology quenchers for chemical reactions, phlegmatizers, pharmaceutical products, plasticizers in adhesives; impact modifiers, and other modifiers comprising cyclohexanepolycarboxylic acid derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of polymeric compounds having specific quaternized amine based upon a dimer acid reacted with a combination of a monohydroxy functional amine and a specific di-hydroxy functional tertiary alkanolamine, to make an ester tertiary amine, which is a subsequent step is converted to a quaternary compound. Dimer acid is a C-36 diacid having a cyclic structure and reacting it with the two type of amine groups allow for the synthesis of a high molecular weight cationic compound which is extremely substantitive to human skin and are well tolerated by human tissue making them suitable for use preparation of barrier products for personal care applications. These materials are dimethylaminopropyl amine free, which is highly desirable in personal care applications.

Abstract: In a hydroformylation reaction, the circulation and recovery of cobalt carbonyl in a cobalt catalyst cycle using carbonylate as an intermediate and acidification thereof, is improved by supplying an aqueous sulfuric acid solution containing less than 16% wt of sulfuric acid to the carbonylate to control sulfuric acid concentration in the carbonylate/acid mixture, before accounting for any acid consuming reaction, to a value of from 2% to 10% by weight. Single step and multistage liquid/liquid extraction techniques as well as vapour/liquid extraction techniques followed by the absorption of cobalt from the vapour in an organic liquid both benefit from this improvement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain carbocyclic and oxacarbocyclic fumaric acid oligomers and the use thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical preparation as well of pharmaceutical preparations containing these compounds.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that certain polyester compounds bearing free-radical curable moieties are useful as b-stageable adhesives for the microelectronic packaging industry.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel dual prodrug compounds of formula (1), methods for their preparation and intermediates in their syntheses, formula (1): wherein A is a single bond, —O—, or —CH2—; m and n vary independently and are an integer from 1 to 15; p and q vary from 0 to an integer from 1 to 4; B is a single bond or —CR3R4; D is formula (2): or formula (3): and X is halogen; R1 to R4 are various substituents selected to optimize the physiochemical and biological properties such as, lipophilicity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics of compounds of Formula 1; and R1 and R2 or R3 and R4 may optionally be tethered together to form a 3- to 7-membered alicyclic ring. These compounds are useful for the treatment of various infections, metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological disorders.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for hydrogenating one or more organic compounds especially unsaturated organic compounds by bringing the compound into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, which comprises one or more catalytically active metals applied to a porous catalyst support. The one or more catalytically active metals having been derived via a decomposed organic complex of the metal on the support, in particular amine complexes of the metal. The decomposed complex may be treated with hydrogen to activate the catalyst before use as a hydrogenation catalyst.