Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkylidene substituted succinates comprising a step (a) in which is carried out the reaction of a carbonilic compound, a succinic and a base in a reaction medium and a step (b) in which the alkylidene substituted product obtained in (a) is esterified, characterized in that the succinic ester is used in a molar amount substantially equal to, or lower than, the amount of compound carbonilic compound, (ii) the base is used in a molar amount substantially equal to the succinic ester and is selected from metal hydrides and metal and alkoxides, and (iii) the reaction medium comprises an aprotic liquid medium or a protic liquid medium having a Ka, measured in water, lower than that of iPrOH.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel phosphinometallocenylamides that are useful as ligands for asymmetric catalysis. The novel ligands, which are readily modifiable, contain both a phosphine and an amide functionality linked by a metallocene backbone. In addition, the novel compounds are phosphine-amides derived from a phosphine-amine, rather than a phosphine-carboxylic acid. Further, described herein are both processes to make the novel ligands as well as processes that employ such ligands in a catalytically active composition comprising one or more phosphinometallocenylamide compounds in complex association with one or more Group VIb or Group VIII metals to provide chiral products. Further, we describe exemplary catalyst complexes incorporating the novel ligands.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions comprising specific metal salts of hexahydrophthalic acid (HHPA) in order to provide highly desirable properties within thermoplastic articles are provided. The inventive HHPA derivatives are useful as nucleating and/or clarifying agents for such thermoplastics, are practical and easy to handle. Such compounds provide excellent crystallization temperatures, stiffness, and acid scavenger compatibility within target polyolefins. Also, such compounds exhibit very low hygroscopicity and therefore excellent shelf stability as powdered or granular formulations. Thermoplastic additive compositions and methods of producing polymers with such compounds are also contemplated within this invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the synthesis of chiral non-racemic products, e.g., enantiomerically-enriched hemiesters, from prochiral starting materials, e.g., meso anhydrides. The present invention also relates to catalysts for the aforementioned methods, and methods for synthesizing these catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to cycloalkyl derivatives, a process for their preparation and their use.

Abstract: In a process of the present invention for producing a bridged cyclic polycarboxylic acid t-butyl ester, a bridged cyclic polycarboxylic halide of following Formula (1): (wherein ring Z is a bridged cyclic carbon ring; X is a halogen atom; and m denotes an integer of 2 or more, where ring Z may have a substituent) is allowed to react with t-butyl alcohol or its alkali metal salt to thereby yield an ester of following Formula (2): (wherein tBu is a t-butyl group; and ring Z and m have the same meanings as defined above.) This process can commercially efficiently produce a bridged cyclic polycarboxylic acid t-butyl ester. The compound of Formula (1) can be prepared by allowing a bridged cyclic polycarboxylic acid of following Formula (3): (wherein ring Z is a bridged cyclic carbon ring; and m denotes an integer of 2 or more, where ring Z may have a substituent) to react with a halogenating agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing cyclohexanedicarboxylic esters (hexahydrophthalic diesters) by esterifying the corresponding benzenedicarboxylic acids and immediately hydrogenating the esterification mixture in the presence of nickel catalysts.

Abstract: Catalytic multiphase reactions are conducted by a process, comprising: conducting the catalytic multiphase reactions in a tube reactor, wherein the catalyst is present in the continuous phase and at least one starting material is present in a dispersed phase and the loading factor B of the tube reactor is equal to or greater than 0.8.

Abstract: A malic acid or oxalacetic acid derivative is represented by the following formula (1): wherein ring Z is an alicyclic carbon ring; each of Ra and Rb is independently a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, or an organic group; and Y is a hydroxyl group or an oxygen atom, where ring Z is a bridged carbon ring or a monocyclic carbon ring having eight or more members when Y is an oxygen atom. The alicyclic carbon ring includes, for example, cyclooctane ring and adamantane ring. This compound is a novel malic acid derivative having an alicyclic group bonded to a carbon atom at the 3-position, or a novel oxalacetic acid derivative having a specific alicyclic group bonded to a carbon atom at the 3-position.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous solution of lactoferrin which can be preserved for a long period of time. The aqueous preparation according to the present invention is an aqueous preparation which is characterized by containing a polyvalent inorganic or organic acid or a salt thereof whereby stability of lactoferrin is improved and is an aqueous preparation in which concentration of the polyvalent inorganic or organic acid or a salt thereof is 0.005% (w/v) or more. In the case of ophthalmic solutions, for example, the polyvalent inorganic or organic acid or a salt thereof is preferably 0.01-3.0% (w/v), particularly preferably 0.1-1.0% (w/v).

Abstract: 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic diesters are prepared from malonic diesters, 1,2-dihaloethane and alkali metal carbonate in the presence of a mixture of available or in situ-produced phase transfer catalyst and polyalkylene glycol or derivatives thereof which are capped at one or both ends, in particular those with ether end groups, where the molar ratio of malonic diester: 1,2-dihaloethane: alkali metal carbonate is 1:(1 to 7):(1 to 1.4).

Abstract: An efficient and selective process, capable of scale-up, to make itaconate derivatives of formula (IV), and/or succinate derivatives of formula (V) and/or (VI) by asymmetric hydrogenation of the itaconate derivatives. wherein R, R1 and R2 are as defined herein.

Abstract: Novel acid-blocked amine catalysts and their use in the preparation of polyurethanes. The acid-blocked amine catalysts have the general structure shown below: wherein A is the residue of an organic acid anhydride; R1 is H or C1 to C6 alkyl; R2 is H or C1 to C6 alkyl; n is an integer of 0 to 10; and B is a compound containing a protonated amine and one or more primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine groups.

Abstract: A hydroquinone diester derivative represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, each representing an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group is crystallized from a reaction mixture containing the hydroquinone diester derivative, and the resulting product in crystallized form is washed. A solvent for the crystallization is composed of an organic carboxylic acid and water, and the crystallized product is washed with warm or hot water of 40° C. or above. In the formula (1), R1 and R2 are C1-4alkyl groups.

Abstract: Enantiomerically pure &bgr;-hydroxy esters are prepared by a process in which &bgr;-keto esters are reacted with hydrogen in the presence of catalysts of the formula LRuX2 where X is halogen, acetate, allyl, methallyl, 2-phenylallyl, perchlorate, trifluoroacetate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluoroantimonate, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroarsenate or trichloroacetate, L is a bidentate phospholane of the formula I  where B=a bridging link with 1-5 carbon atoms between the two phosphorus atoms, R1=H, C1-C6-alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or SiR23, R2=alkyl or aryl, m=0 or 1, R3=H or OR4, and R4=R1, with the proviso that if m=1 then R3=H and if m=0 then R3 ≠ H.

Abstract: Stable, enzymatically triggered chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanes with improved water solubility and storage stability are provided as well as synthetic processes and intermediates used in their preparation. Dioxetanes further substituted with two or more water-solubilizing groups disposed on the dioxetane structure and an additional fluorine atom or lower alkyl group provide superior performance by eliminating the problem of reagent carryover when used in assays performed on capsule chemistry analytical systems. These dioxetanes display substantially improved stability on storage. Compositions comprising these dioxetanes, a non-polymeric cationic surfactant enhancer and optionally a fluorescer, for providing enhanced chemiluminescence are also provided.

Abstract: Stable, enzymatically triggered chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanes with improved water solubility and storage stability are provided as well as synthetic processes and intermediates used in their preparation. Dioxetanes further substituted with two or more water-solubilizing groups disposed on the dioxetane structure and an additional fluorine atom or lower alkyl group provide superior performance by eliminating the problem of reagent carryover when used in assays performed on capsule chemistry analytical systems. These dioxetanes display substantially improved stability on storage. Compositions comprising these dioxetanes, a non-polymeric cationic surfactant enhancer and optionally a fluorescer, for providing enhanced chemiluminescence are also provided.

Abstract: An ester compound of the following formula (1) is provided.

Abstract: An electroclinic device having two spaced cell walls each bearing electrode structures and treated on at least one facing surface with an alignment layer, a layer of a smectic liquid crystal material enclosed between the cell walls, where the liquid crystal material contains one or more of the compounds described by formula I as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A malic acid or oxalacetic acid derivative is represented by the following formula (1): 1

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating a benzenepolycarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof or a mixture of two or more thereof by bringing the benzenepolycarboxylic acid or the derivative thereof or the mixture of two or more thereof into contact with a hydrogen-containing gas is carried out in the presence of a catalyst which comprises as active metal at least one metal of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table alone or together with at least one metal of transition group I or VII of the periodic table applied to a support which contains macropores with the proviso that if dimethyl terephthalate is hydrogenated, the hydrogenation using a catalyst which comprises as active metal ruthenium either alone or together with at least one metal of transition group I, VII or VIII of the Periodic Table applied to a support, where the support has a mean pore diameter of at least 50 nm and a BET surface area of at most 30 m2/g and the amount of the active metal is from 0.

Abstract: Alkoxy and/or acyloxy disubstituted and polysubstituted aralkyl and aralkenyl bis-quaternary ammonium derivatives of cyclic alkanol diesters have neuromuscular relaxant properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the C-alkylation of dialkyl malonates, in which a dialkyl malonate is reacted with an alkyl halide in the presence of potassium carbonate as a hydrogen halide acceptor in an inert solvent, and a phase-transfer catalyst is not added until from 50 to 80% of the dialkyl malonate has reacted. The phase-transfer catalyst may be, for example, a tetraalkylammonium salt or a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, a tetraalkylphosphonium salt or a tetraalkylphosphonium hydroxide or a crown ether.

Abstract: The present invention relates to powder coating compositions which can be cured at low temperatures. The powder coating composition of the invention include a unique combination of a branched oligoester polyol and uretdione crosslinking agent which when cured results in a coating binder with desirable hardness, flexibility, solvent resistance, corrosion resistance, weatherability and gloss.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an enantiomerically enriched 2-substituted succinic acid derivative of formula 2, which comprises asymmetric hydrogenation of the dehydro precursor of formula 7 or 8, or a mixture thereof wherein R1 and R2 are independently H, a salt-forming cation, or an organic group of up to 30 C atoms, and R3 and R4 are independently H or an organic group of up to 30 C atoms, provided that R3 and R4 are not both H, in the presence of a transition metal complex of a chiral phosphine ligand having the partial formula 10 wherein n is 0 to 6 and R represents at least one non-hydrogen organic group of up to 30 C atoms.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I are precursors for organoleptic and antimicrobial compounds. The latter are generated in the presence of skin bacteria, enzymes or acidic or alkaline conditions. One precursor molecule can provide one or more different compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides bicyclic metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands, as well as compositions comprising such ligands, and and methods for their use.

Abstract: Compositions are provided which are useful in the production of polymeric products, such as coatings and films, which comprise branched PHA. The compositions of the invention comprise PHA and 0.001-0.5 wt. % of a free radical initiator. The invention further provides methods of using the compositions for the efficient and cost effective production of films and coatings by reducing draw resonance and neck-in behavior of extruded PHAs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dimethyl-substituted cyclohexanediene derivatives, to a process for their preparation, to their use as pharmaceuticals and to corresponding pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Compositions are provided which are useful in the production of polymeric products, such as coatings and films, which comprise branched PHA. The compositions of the invention comprise PHA and 0.001-0.5 wt. % of a free radical initiator. The invention further provides methods of using the compositions for the efficient and cost effective production of films and coatings by reducing draw resonance and neck-in behavior of extruded PHAs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds having the formulae ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, Rn.sup.8, X, and Z are defined herein, which are useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of malaria. The compounds of the present invention are especially useful in the treatment or prophylaxis of chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant malaria.

Abstract: Optically active cis-1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid monoesters of >90% enantiomeric excess (ee) and methods of preparing the monoesters are described. One method contacts a cis-1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diester with a lipase under aqueous conditions to enantioselectively produce the optically active cis-1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid monoester. Another method reacts a mixture of cis- and trans-1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids under conditions sufficient to form a cis-cyclic anhydride, esterifies the cis-cyclic anhydride to produce a cis-1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diester and then contacts under aqueous conditions the diester with a lipase to enantioselectively produce the optically active cis-1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid monoester.

Abstract: The compounds of Formula I ##STR1## are useful as immunosuppressive agents.

Abstract: The invention concerns amphiphilic compounds of general formula (I) ##STR1## with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups based on diacarboxylic acid diamides. The amphiphilic compounds according to the invention are mostly surface-active and are suitable for use as emulsifiers, demulsifiers, detergents, dispergents and hydrotropic agents in industry and households, for example, in the treatment of metals, ore processing, surface finishing, washing, cleaning, cosmetics, medicine and food processing and preparation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a group of lubricant additives that have improved oxidative stability, high viscosity and relatively lower cost and that comprise the reaction product of a complex oleate ester telomerized with vegetable oils containing at least one linoleyl moiety of the three groups in the triglyceride. The resulting product is a high molecular weight liquid telomerized complex ester triglyceride having a plurality of branch groups. These groups render the compounds outstanding, highly oxidatively stable lubricants.

Abstract: Use of fluorinated polymers based on fluoropolyethers for the preparation of crosslinkable high dry formulations comprising a fluorinated part R.sub.F and optionally an hydrogenated part R.sub.H, not containing groups capable of linking by means of hydrogen bonds to basic acceptors, an hydrogenated part Rh.sub.1 and Rh.sub.2, wherein Rh.sub.1 is equal to or different from Rh.sub.2, and Rh.sub.1 and/or Rh.sub.2 being linking bonds containing at least a functional group capable of linking by means of hydrogen bonds with basic acceptors, the bonds joining the fluorinated part to the hydrogenated part being of ether C--O simple type, the terminals T'.sub.a and T" being such as to render the structure mono-, bi- or polyfunctional, and subsequent crosslinking of the fluorinated polymer, the monofunctional products being always in admixture with a resin having even a higher functionality than the described type; the preferred fluorinated products have the formula:T"--(Rh.sub.2).sub.y (R.sub.H).sub.x --R.sub.F --(R.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sub.2 is a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, phenyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, heteroaryl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, cycloalkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl or cycloalkenyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group, any one of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, --S(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, halo and cyano (--CN); and R.sub.7 is a carboxylic acid protecting group, which process comprises the internal molecular rearrangement of an allyl carboxylate compound of formula (II) wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.7 are as defined in relation to formula (I) to form the desired compound of formula (I). Compounds (I) are intermediates for the preparation of Matrix metaloproteinase inhibitors.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.a, R.sub.b, .PHI., B and R are as defined in the disclosure, have antagonistic activity on osteoclast hyper-reactivity.

Abstract: For the oligomerization of a fatty ester or fatty acid containing conjugated double bonds, the reaction uses a catalyst consisting of an activated earth, e.g., montmorillonite, at a temperature of from 100.degree.-180.degree. C., preferably from 130.degree.-160.degree. C. The process can be carried out continuously or in a batch process on a fixed bed and is particularly applicable to conjugated methyl esters obtained by conjugating and transesterifying sunflower seed oil. The oligomerized products obtained are particularly useful as lubricants or polycondensation reactants.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a group of formula (II) or (III): ##STR2## R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group; R.sup.a is a group of formula --OR.sup.6 ; R.sup.6 is hydrogen; R.sup.6a and R.sup.6b are each hydrogen, a hydroxy-protecting group, alkyl, alkanesulfonyl, halogenated alkanesulfonyl or arysulfonyl, and their salts and esters. Such compounds inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol, and can be used for the treatment and prophylaxis of hypercholesterolemia and of various cardiac disorders.

Abstract: Esterification of an ultra-low unsaturation polyoxy(higher)alkylene polyol with a dicarboxylic acid or reactive derivative thereof to form a poly(half ester) followed by capping the poly(half ester) with a capping agent capable of forming an amide linkage or ester linkage while retaining primary hydroxyl functionality, generates high primary hydroxyl content polyols with substantially retained hydrophile/lipophile balance and low polydispersity. Low color products having primary hydroxyl contents in excess of 80 equivalent percent may be routinely achieved.

Abstract: Cyclooctadiene derivative of the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.4 each independently represent COOR.sup.5 (where R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl group or CONR.sup.6 R.sup.7 (where R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group or a phenyl group), or A.sup.1 and A.sup.2, and/or A.sup.3 and A.sup.4 may be combined together to represent group(s) of: ##STR2## in which X represents an oxygen atom or NR.sup.8 {where R.sup.8 represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group or a phenyl group),R.sup.0, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group and an C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group,the symbol ------ represents a single or double bond, and when it is a double bond, then R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: Fullerene derivatives, methods of preparing the same and methods of using the same, wherein the fullerene derivatives are of the formula I ##STR1##

Abstract: This invention relates to the synthesis of vegetable and synthetic oil adducts and to the adduct products having the formula ##STR1##

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel compound having activity as an ionophore for ion transport, which is a monoester or monoamide of 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid, i.e. Kemp's triacid or the stereoisomer thereof, the group R in the ester group --COOR or in the amide group --CONHR being an aralkyl group or aryloxyalkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms. The monoester and monoamide derivatives can be synthesized from anhydride of Kemp's triacid by subjecting the anhydride to a ring-opening esterification or amidation reaction with an alcohol or amine. On the other hand, both of the stereoisomers can be obtained by the dehydrohalogenation reaction of 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid anhydride acid halide with an alcohol or amine followed by the ring-opening hydrolysis reaction on the anhydride group.

Abstract: An improved process for the esterification of carboxylic acid and alcohols into carboxylic ester is disclosed. It comprises the steps of: (a) charging the esterification reactants into a fixed bed reactor under a predetermined reaction condition; and (b) reacting the esterification reactants in the fixed bed reactor. The fixed bed reactor contains acidic catalysts that are present in a solid phase, and the reaction condition is controlled such that (i) the reactants and the products co-exist in a gas-liquid two-phase equilibrium in the fixed bed reactor and that (ii) at least one component of the reactants is present in one phase and at least one component of the products is present in another phase. Because a phase change is always taking place concurrently with the esterification reaction; the reaction stream is maintained at a relatively uniform temperature.

Abstract: Compounds having the formulaH--A--(BA).sub.n --OHwhereinn is 1-20;A is ##STR1## B is ##STR2## R.sub.1 is alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is an alkylene having 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenylene having 2-6 carbon atoms, cyclo-alkylene or cycloalkenylene having 5-8 carbon atoms or phenylene having 6-10 carbon atoms;a is 1-6; andb is 2-6.These compounds are useful for making polyurethanes.

Abstract: The compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein the Z group can be located in positions ortho-, meta- or para-relative to the carboxylic group, symbol R.sup.1 stands for a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radical anda. the dotted lines represent a cyclohexanic moiety and Z represents a ##STR2## group, R.sup.2 being a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radical; orb. the dotted lines represent a cyclohexanic or benzenic moiety and Z represents a group of formula ##STR3## in which R.sup.2 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radical, are useful as perfuming ingredients for the preparation of perfuming compositions and a variety of perfumed consumer articles. They impart to the latter odor notes of the fruity and floral type.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## [wherein: R.sup.1 is aryl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen or cyano; R.sup.3 is a group of formula --B--NR.sup.4 R.sup.5, where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a heterocycle, and B is alkylene or a group of formula --CH.sub.2 CH(OR.sup.6)CH.sub.2 --, where R.sup.6 is hydrogen, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl or arylcarbonyl, or a group of formula --D--R.sup.7, where D is a single bond or alkylene and R.sup.7 is a heterocycle; and A is alkylene; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof] are useful for the treatment and prevention of circulatory diseases and psychosis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diacylperoxide vinyl ester of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R is an alkylene residue which can be straight-chained, branched or cyclic and which can contain 2 to 10 C atoms or R is an aryl residue, suitable for copolymerization with olefinic unsaturated monomers under conditions in which they do not yet radically decompose.