Abstract: A method for treatment of disorders arising due to mutation of one or more genes in humans. The method includes the step of orally administering a composition comprising L-carnitine tartrate, pyridoxal-5?-phosphate, and fumaric acid.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for continuously producing a ketomalonic acid compound such as a ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof, which is an industrially useful compound, on an industrial scale and in a safe and steady manner. The present invention relates to: a method in which a malonic acid diester, a carboxylic acid compound and a chlorous acid compound are used as raw material compounds, and these raw material compounds are mixed together to prepare a mixture and the mixture is supplied to a flow reactor continuously, thereby continuously producing a corresponding ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof; and a continuous production apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a therapeutic agent, wherein the therapeutic agent is D-Boramine. The therapeutic agent is prepared by mixing L-carnitine tartrate, pyridoxal 5? phosphate and fumaric acid. D-Boramine, when administered orally or parenterally in therapeutic quantities, is effective for use in the prevention of cancer that arises from mutations to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, i.e., breast and ovarian and the treatment of several types of human diseases including, but not limited to, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Disseminate Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), infections arising from viruses (including strains of Human Papillomavirus, Herpes Simplex Virus and Simian Virus), tuberculosis (including XDR Tuberculosis) and mycoplasma, Hepatitis A, B and C, MTHFR genetic mutations.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel Ruthenium-based transition metal complex catalysts comprising specific ligands, their preparation and their use in hydrogenation processes. Such complex catalysts are inexpensive, thermally robust, and olefin selective.

Abstract: A composition for forming a liquid immersion upper layer film includes a polymer component including a polymer having a structural unit represented by a formula (1); and a solvent. R1 represents a carboxy group or a group represented by a formula (2); X represents a single bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a divalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R2 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a valency of (n+1), a fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a valency of (n+1), or one of these groups each including between adjacent two carbon atoms thereof —CO—, —COO—, —O—, —NR?—, —CS—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2— or a combination thereof; and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for producing a therapeutic agent and the agent thus produced. This therapeutic agent, referred to as D-boramine, has the following chemical formula:[(CH3)3NCH2CHOHCH2CO2H]2[O2CCHOHCHOHCO2] and has the following empirical formula: C18H36N2O12. The D-boramine is produced by allowing a reaction between approximately 500 mg of L-carnitine and approximately 2.5 mg of pyridoxal 5 phosphate in the presence of approximately 10 mg of fumaric acid. The reaction creates the D-boramine molecule as the reaction product. The D-boramine molecule has an orthorhombic crystalline structure and has been shown to be useful as a therapeutic agent in treating a variety of human cancers, ailments and diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of ketomalonic acid compounds or hydrates thereof by reacting a malonic acid compound with one or more chlorous acid compounds selected from among chlorous acid and chlorites and thus oxidizing the methylene group of the malonic acid compound. The process does not necessitate highly toxic reagents, lowly safe reagents, special reactants, special reaction equipment, expensive reagents, expensive catalysts, or transition metals such as noble metals, and permits the selection of mild reaction conditions and simple operation, thus enabling efficient and easy production of ketomalonic acid compounds such as ketomalonic diesters under simple and easy conditions suitable for industrialization.

Abstract: The present invention provides methylene beta-ketoester monomers, methods for producing the same, and compositions and products formed therefrom. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester is reacted with a source of formaldehyde in a modified Knoevenagel reaction optionally in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst, and optionally in the presence of an acidic or non-acidic solvent, to form reaction complex. The reaction complex may be an oligomeric complex. The reaction complex is subjected to further processing, which may be vaporization by contact with an energy transfer means in order to isolate the beta-ketoester monomer. The present invention further compositions and products formed from methylene beta-ketoester monomers of the invention, including monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal additive, a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal panel thereof. The liquid crystal additive of the present invention has a higher clear point, so that adding the liquid crystal additive into a liquid crystal composition of a liquid crystal panel can omit the process of forming alignment films to reduce manufacturing costs and time of liquid crystal panels; meanwhile, the MURA phenomenon due to the different effects of liquid crystal molecules and liquid crystal reactive monomers on alignment films is avoided, so as to improve the uniformity of liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a 1-biphenylmethylimidazole compound having superior angiotensin II receptor antagonistic activity, or an intermediate thereof. The present invention provides a method for producing a compound having the formula (5) (R1, Ra: H, an alkyl group) by oxidizing a compound having the formula (1) (Ra: H, an alkyl group) using an oxidizing agent in the presence of a radical initiation reagent, and then reacting with an ammonia-generating reagent and a compound having the formula R1CHO(R1: H, an alkyl group) or a compound having the formula R1C(ORb)3 (R1: H, an alkyl group; Rb: an alkyl group).

Abstract: A composition for forming a liquid immersion upper layer film includes a polymer component including a polymer having a structural unit represented by a formula (1); and a solvent. R1 represents a carboxy group or a group represented by a formula (2); X represents a single bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a divalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R2 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a valency of (n+1), a fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a valency of (n+1), or one of these groups each including between adjacent two carbon atoms thereof —CO—, —COO—, —O—, —NR?—, —CS—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2— or a combination thereof; and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lock-release method to be applied to biomolecules, such as antibodies, to improve the purification, production, stability and storage of biomolecules. A biomolecule is covalently bound to a polymer support comprising a diketone group so that the biomolecule can be purified, produced and/or stored before being released from the support. The diketone group of the polymer support is a 1,3-ketoester, 1,3-ketothioester or 1,3-ketoamide is a group of Formula (1): R1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, perhalogenated hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group; Y is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group; X is —O, —NR2 or —S, wherein the free valence of —O, —NR2 or —S is bonded to the support optionally via a linker; and R2 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group. The invention also relates to a polymer support comprising the diketone group.

Abstract: A compound having the structure: wherein bond ? is present or absent, wherein when bond ? is absent, then R1 is ?O or S(CH2)1-3-phenyl and when bond ? is present, then R1 is H, wherein the phenyl is substituted or unsubstituted; R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently H or OR11 wherein each occurrence of R11 is independently H, methyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, phosphate, sulfate, sulfonic ester, or ester; when ? is absent and R1 is ?O, then R10 is other than OH; and when ? is absent and R1 is S(CH2)1-3-phenyl, then R10 is other than OCH3, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a polymer having a structural unit represented by a formula (I). In the formula (I), R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. X represents a bivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group not having or having a substituent. Y represents a bivalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R2 represents a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.

Abstract: Ketocarboxylic acids such as levulinic acid can be efficiently purified in high yield by esterification with a hydrocarbon polyol to the corresponding polyketocarboxylic ester, which can be readily purified, for example recrystallized. After purification, the ketocarboxylic ester can be hydrolyzed to provide pure ketocarboxylic acid, or a salt thereof, after removal of the esterifying hydrocarbon polyol, or used for other synthetic transformations. Advantageously, the polyketocarboxylic esters, ketocarboxylic acids, and salts thereof produced by this method are obtained in high purity.

Abstract: A positive resist composition comprising (A) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (B) a resin capable of increasing the solubility in an alkali developer by the action of an acid, and (C) a compound having a specific structure, which decomposes by the action of an acid to generate an acid, a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition, and a compound for use in the positive resist composition are provided as a positive resist composition exhibiting good performance in terms of pattern profile, line edge roughness, pattern collapse, sensitivity and resolution in normal exposure (dry exposure), immersion exposure and double exposure, a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition and a compound for use in the positive resist composition.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a polymer having a structural unit represented by a formula (I). In the formula (I), R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. X represents a bivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group not having or having a substituent. Y represents a bivalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R2 represents a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.

Abstract: Disclosed are a nonaqueous electrolytic solution of an electrolyte dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, which contains a carboxylate represented by the following general formula (I) in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% by mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution; and an electrochemical element using it.

Abstract: Acetoacetate-functional monomers are disclosed that correspond to the following formula 1: in which R is hydrogen, or a methylgroup; X is a branched alkyl or a branched cyclic alkyl having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; and Y1 and Y2 are independently hydrogen or methyl. Also disclosed are emulsion, suspension, and solution polymers comprising residues from the acetoacetate-functional monomer of formula 1 and one or more additional ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Self-curing coating compositions are likewise disclosed that comprise the acetoacetate-functional monomer of formula 1, and optionally one or more additional ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Latex formulations are also disclosed that comprise a polymer having residues from the acetoacetate-functional monomer of formula 1 dispersed in an evaporable aqueous carrier.

Abstract: Substituted 3-oxopentanoates are disclosed that correspond to the following formula 1: in which R is hydrogen, or a methyl group; X is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl or alkyl ether group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or aromatic group having from 6 to 15 carbon atoms; and Y1 and Y2 are independently hydrogen or an alkyl having 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Also disclosed are emulsion polymers, suspension polymers, and solution polymers that comprise residues from the substituted 3-oxopentanoate monomers, and that may also include one or more additional ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Also disclosed are coating compositions that include a latex emulsion polymer and the substituted 3-oxopentanoate monomer of formula 1 provided as a coalescent.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the signaling pathway involved in erythroid repression by iron deficiency. Further disclosed is a non-toxic small-molecule compound which potently reverses the erythroid repression caused by iron deficiency. The present invention further encompasses novel compounds for inhibition of red cell production, useful, for example, in the treatment of polycythemia vera, a malignancy causing uncontrolled red cell production. These inhibitory compounds also promote megakaryocytic lineage commitment and may therefore be useful for augmentation of platelet production. The present invention further discloses isocitrate reversal of iron deprivation.

Abstract: Ketocarboxylic acids such as levulinic acid can be efficiently purified in high yield by esterification with a hydrocarbon polyol to the corresponding polyketocarboxylic ester, which can be readily purified, for example recrystallized. After purification, the ketocarboxylic ester can be hydrolyzed to provide pure ketocarboxylic acid, or a salt thereof, after removal of the esterifying hydrocarbon polyol, or used for other synthetic transformations. Advantageously, the polyketocarboxylic esters, ketocarboxylic acids, and salts thereof produced by this method are obtained in high purity.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to the synthesis and/or manufacture of ester-based lubricant compositions. The present invention is also directed to methods of making these and other similar lubricant compositions, and to systems for implementing such methods (processes). In some embodiments, the methods for making such ester-based lubricants utilize a biomass precursor (e.g., triglyceride-bearing vegetable oils) such that the lubricant compositions generated by the methods and systems of the present invention can be properly deemed biolubricants. In these or other embodiments, lubricant precursor species can also be sourced or derived from Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and/or long-chain paraffin pyrolysis reaction products. The ester component of the lubricant compositions, produced in accordance with the methods and systems of the present invention, comprises largely diester species.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of ketomalonic acid compounds or hydrates thereof by reacting a malonic acid compound with one or more chlorous acid compounds selected from among chlorous acid and chlorites and thus oxidizing the methylene group of the malonic acid compound. The process does not necessitate highly toxic reagents, lowly safe reagents, special reactants, special reaction equipment, expensive reagents, expensive catalysts, or transition metals such as noble metals, and permits the selection of mild reaction conditions and simple operation, thus enabling efficient and easy production of ketomalonic acid compounds such as ketomalonic diesters under simple and easy conditions suitable for industrialization.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel process for making 3-O-(3?,3?-dimethylsuccinyl)betulinic acid (“DSB”). This invention also relates to methods of treating HIV and related diseases using pharmaceutical compositions comprising salt forms of DSB prepared according to the process of the present invention. The invention further relates to dosage forms of pharmaceutical compositions comprising salts of DSB made using the process of this invention.

Abstract: Salts of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines with phytic acid of general formula (I), and the process of preparing the same, wherein the mole ratio between the L-carnitine or its alkanoyl derivatives cation and phytic acid anion be within the range of 1:1 to 6:1, wherein: n=1-6; R1 is the phytate anion; R is either hydrogen, a straight alkanoyl group having 2-12 carbon atoms or a branched-chain alkanoyl group having 2-12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for obtaining cinatrins C1 and C3 and derivatives thereof which comprises the hydroxylation of a compound of formula (III).

Abstract: A photosensitive compound whose size is smaller than conventional polymer for photoresist, and which has well-defined (uniform) structure, and a photoresist composition including the same are disclosed. The photosensitive compound represented by the following formula. Also, the present invention provides a photoresist composition comprising 1 to 85 wt % (weight %) of the photosensitive compound; 0.05 to 15 weight parts of a photo-acid generator with respect to 100 weight parts of the photosensitive compound; and 10 to 5000 weight parts of an organic solvent. In the formula, n is 0 or 1, x is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, y is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, z is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, R, R? and R? are independently hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R?? is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided is a Michael addition product prepared from a multifunctional acryl monomer having multiple hydroxyl groups allowing introduction of acryl functional groups, as a Michael acceptor, and a Michael donor. The Michael addition product is a novel multifunctional compound having an oligomer and a photoinitiator moiety in the molecule. Since it can be cured under a standard UV curing condition without having to add a photoinitiator, it is reduced to air pollution or health problem. Therefore the superior physical properties were obtained by cured coatings without surface tackiness. In addition, its hydroxyl groups allow, through isocyanate bonding or introduction of acryl groups, 3-dimensional crosslinking and molecular and compositional design for improving expandability, friction, and reactivity and hydrophilicity for self-adhesion, hardness of cured film, or the like. Consequently, a very useful, multifunctional or water-dispersible coating composition may be prepared.

Abstract: A method for efficiently producing 4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-2-oxobutanoic acid, useful as a production intermediate of herbicide L-AMPB. The method comprises using a compound represented by the below formula (4): (4) where R1 represents a C1-4 alkyl group, arylmethyl group, or substituted arylmethyl group.

Abstract: A positive resist composition comprising (A) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (B) a resin capable of increasing the solubility in an alkali developer by the action of an acid, and (C) a compound having a specific structure, which decomposes by the action of an acid to generate an acid, a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition, and a compound for use in the positive resist composition are provided as a positive resist composition exhibiting good performance in terms of pattern profile, line edge roughness, pattern collapse, sensitivity and resolution in normal exposure (dry exposure), immersion exposure and double exposure, a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition and a compound for use in the positive resist composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a 1-biphenylmethylimidazole compound having superior angiotensin II receptor antagonistic activity, or an intermediate thereof. The present invention provides a method for producing a compound having the formula (5) (R1, Ra: H, an alkyl group) by oxidizing a compound having the formula (1) (Ra: H, an alkyl group) using an oxidizing agent in the presence of a radical initiation reagent, and then reacting with an ammonia-generating reagent and a compound having the formula R1CHO(R1: H, an alkyl group) or a compound having the formula R1C(ORb)3 (R1: H, an alkyl group; Rb: an alkyl group).

Abstract: Disclosed are filter elements constructed of a filter support material coated with an acetoacetate-functional polymeric composition that reacts with and removes aldehydes, especially formaldehyde, present in gases such as air. Also disclosed are methods for the removal of aldehydes utilizing the coated filter support materials.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to ester derivatives of levulinic acid that are useful as plasticizers and/or coalescent solvents in polymer compositions, compositions comprising the ester derivatives, methods of making the derivatives and the compositions, and the use of the derivatives as additives in polymer compositions.

Abstract: Provided are acidic hair dye compositions in which the dye has a high permeability into hair, the dye can be applied uniformly, and the composition has excellent staining property, safety and sense of use at the time of hair dyeing. The acidic hair dye compositions of the present invention comprise at least one dibasic acid ester compound represented by general formula I below: wherein, in general formula I, R1 is an alkylene group which may have a substituent with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are, independently from each other, an alkyl group which may have a substituent with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R4 and R5 are, independently from each other, hydrogen, methyl group or ethyl group, m and n is, independently from each other, an integer of 0 to 4, wherein m+n?1 (with the proviso that the case is excluded in which R2 and R3 are both ethyl group, and m and n are both 1).

Abstract: Copolyesters containing secondary hydroxyl groups are useful polyols for manufacturing polyurethanes. These can be prepared by reacting a secondary hydroxyl-containing fatty acid or ester thereof with an initiator containing hydroxyl and/or primary or secondary amino groups. A copolyester of particular interest includes a poly(ethylene oxide) segment derived from a poly(ethylene oxide) initiator.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to the synthesis and/or manufacture of ester-based lubricant compositions. The present invention is also directed to methods of making these and other similar lubricant compositions, and to systems for implementing such methods (processes). In some embodiments, the methods for making such ester-based lubricants utilize a biomass precursor (e.g., triglyceride-bearing vegetable oils) such that the lubricant compositions generated by the methods and systems of the present invention can be properly deemed biolubricants. In these or other embodiments, lubricant precursor species can also be sourced or derived from Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and/or long-chain paraffin pyrolysis reaction products. The ester component of the lubricant compositions, produced in accordance with the methods and systems of the present invention, comprises largely diester species.

Abstract: Provided are acidic hair dye compositions in which the dye has a high permeability into hair, the dye can be applied uniformly, and the composition has excellent staining property, safety and sense of use at the time of hair dyeing. The acidic hair dye compositions of the present invention comprise at least one dibasic acid ester compound represented by general formula I below: wherein, in general formula I, R1 is an alkylene group which may have a substituent with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are, independently from each other, an alkyl group which may have a substituent with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R4 and R5 are, independently from each other, hydrogen, methyl group or ethyl group, m and n is, independently from each other, an integer of 0 to 4, wherein m+n?1 (with the proviso that the case is excluded in which R2 and R3 are both ethyl group, and m and n are both 1).

Abstract: Provided are intermediates and process for the preparation of statins, preferably rosuvastatin.

Abstract: Fluorinated monomers of formula (1) are useful in producing polymers for the formulation of radiation-sensitive resist compositions. R1 is H or monovalent C1-C20 hydrocarbon group, R2 is H, F, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R3 and R4 are H or a monovalent C1-C8 hydrocarbon group, or R3 and R4 may form an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring, and A is a divalent C1-C6 hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: Use of a compound of formula 1 as malodour neutraliser wherein A, B, Y and Y have the same meaning as given in the specification, and personal care products comprising the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides biodegradable polyesters based on lower hydroxy acids and hydroxy fatty acids. The resulting polyesters are useful as cosmetic vehicles for sunscreens, skin lotions and by themselves are also useful as milder skin exfoliants.

Abstract: Carnitine derivatives of formula (I) are described in racemic and/or optically active form, as well as the process for their preparation and their use as pharmaceutical anti-angina active ingredients for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Also described is a process for producing the (R)-carnitine enantiomer from (S)-carnitine (or vice versa), using the derivatives of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention provides biodegradable polyesters based on lower hydroxy acids and hydroxy fatty acids. The resulting polyesters are useful as cosmetic vehicles for sunscreens, skin lotions and by themselves are also useful as milder skin exfoliants.

Abstract: Methods for making 2-(&ohgr;-alkoxycarbonylalkanoyl)-4-butanolide and derivatives thereof, esters of &ohgr;-hydroxy-(&ohgr;-3)-ketoaliphatic acid and derivatives thereof, which are useful as a variety of synthetic raw materials and intermediates, and are prepared as intermediates in the production step of &ohgr;-hydroxyaliphatic acid being important intermediates of large cyclic lactone-based perfumes in the perfume industry.

Abstract: There is disclosed chiral copper complex catalyst composition, which is obtained by contacting an optically active N-salicylideneaminoalcohol compound of formula (1): with a mono-valent or di-valent copper compound in an inert solvent, wherein R1 and R2 represent an alkyl group and the like, X1 and X2 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cyano group or the like, and the amount of the mono-valent or di-valent copper compound is less than 1 mole per 1 mole of the optically active N-salicylideneaminoalcohol compound of formula (1), and a process for producing an optically active cylopropane-carboxylic acid ester using the same.

Abstract: Described are processes for producing citrate esters in, an economic fashion. Esters are prepared by esterification of a citric acid-containing fermentation broth having been treated to remove cations and optionally other impurities, but containing sugar(s). Esters are also prepared by reacting an impure aqueous citric acid source with an alcohol to provide a heterogeneous aqueous/organic reacted mixture, wherein the organic phase contains the ester and the aqueous phase retains water-soluble impurities. A liquid phase separation is then used to separate the organic and aqueous phases, conveniently separating the impurities from the product and avoiding the energy-intensive distillation of water from the reaction medium.

Abstract: An alkyl 3-oxoalkanoate, a process for preparation and use for the synthesis of fatty hydroxylated amino acids, fatty amino alcohols and ceramides.

Abstract: This invention includes an alkyl 3-oxoalkanoate, and processes for its preparation and use for the synthesis of fatty hydroxylated amino acids, fatty amino alcohols and ceramides.

Abstract: Mixtures of ethylene dodecanedioate and ethylene undecanedioate which, because of their particular musk odor note, are products which can replace macrocyclic aromatic musk fragrances in inter alia perfume compositions.