Abstract: An energy-curable polymer-forming composition for making a pressure sensitive adhesive includes an unsaturated oligomer resin and an adhesive promoter which increases the peel strength of the adhesive without reducing its tack. The composition also includes a tackifier and various other optional components such as photoinitiator, chain extender, reactive diluent and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing glycerol monomethacrylate (GMMA).

Abstract: In this invention, a process is provided by which a carboxylic acid/diol mixture suitable as starting material for a polyester production is obtained from a decolorized carboxylic acid solution without isolation of a substantially dry carboxylic acid solid. More specifically, in this invention, a process is provided by which a terephthalic acid/ethylene glycol mixture suitable as starting material for a polyester production is obtained from a decolorized terephthalic acid solution without isolation of a substantially dry terephthalic acid solid.

Abstract: A process for refining a crude resin for a resist which is capable of effectively removing by-products such as polymers and oligomers contained within the crude resin. The refining process for the crude resin of resist resin (A) used in a photoresist composition includes at least the resist resin (A) and an acid generator (B) dissolved in a first organic solvent (C1), such that if the concentration of the component (A) in the photoresist composition is labeled X, and the crude resin concentration of the component (A) in a crude resin solution including the crude resin of the component (A) dissolved in a second organic solvent (C2) is labeled Y, then (i) the crude resin solution is prepared so that Y is smaller than X, and (ii) the crude resin solution is subsequently filtered.

Abstract: In this invention, a process is provided by which a carboxylic acid/diol mixture suitable as starting material for a polyester production is obtained from a decolorized carboxylic acid solution without isolation of a substantially dry carboxylic acid solid. More specifically, in this invention, a process is provided by which a terephthalic acid/ethylene glycol mixture suitable as starting material for a polyester production is obtained from a decolorized terephthalic acid solution without isolation of a substantially dry terephthalic acid solid.

Abstract: In the production of glycidyl methacrylate from an alkali metal salt of methacrylic acid and epichlorohydrin, at least one water-soluble polymerization inhibitor is added at an appropriate stage of the production. The addition of the water-soluble polymerization inhibitor prevents the formation of insoluble solid matters to increase the efficiency of phase separation in the washing operation for removing a by-produced salt and form a clear interface between the phases, thereby minimizing the recovery loss. In addition, the troubles such as clogging of pipe lines of production apparatus and equipment for waster water treatment can be avoided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one compound from the tocopherol group for the color stabilization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, particularly hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylates, which already comprise at least one polymerization inhibitor for base stabilization or storage stabilization. Such color-stabilized and polymerization-inhibited monomers are preferably used in clearcoat and high solid paints.

Abstract: The admixtures for a cementitious composition of the invention, which have the above-mentioned constitutions, can suitably be used in cement pastes, mortar, concrete and like cement compositions and can stabilize the amount of air entrained with the lapse of time and thus facilitate the quality control of cement compositions and, further, can improve the workability of cement compositions owing to their excellent dispersing capacities. The cement compositions of the invention which comprise such admixture for a cementitious composition are excellent in water-reducing ability and workability and can give hardened products excellent in strength and durability and, further, can stably maintain the amount of air entrained without allowing increases in the amount of air even when the time of kneading is prolonged in the production.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for producing esters are described. The processes include: (a) providing a liquid reaction mixture comprising (i) an unsaturated carboxylic acid having a boiling point greater than water, (ii) a polyhydric alcohol, and (iii) a first polymerization inhibitor, in a reaction zone having an inner surface; (b) reacting the acid and the polyhydric alcohol to form an ester, such that a gas/vapor phase is formed comprising water of reaction; (c) removing at least a portion of the gas/vapor phase from the reaction zone to a dephlegmation zone having an inner surface; (d) partially condensing the portion of the gas/vapor phase in the dephlegmation zone such that a condensate is formed; and (e) returning the condensate to the reaction zone; wherein a second polymerization inhibitor is introduced into the dephlegmation zone such that the portion of the gas/vapor phase and/or the condensate are contacted with the second polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for preparing (meth)acrylic esters by acid-catalyzed esterification of (meth)acrylic acid or by transesterification of (meth)acrylic esters with alcohols, by adding the (meth)acrylic acid or the (meth)acrylic ester at a metering rate of less than 250 g per hour and liter of reactor volume and/or using at least 0.2 mmol of polymerization inhibitor per kg of alcohol and per meq/kg of peroxid number of the alcohol determined by the Sully method and/or thermally treating the alcohol in the absence of water before the esterification or transesterification.

Abstract: Asymmetric (meth)acrylate crosslinking agents may be prepared by reacting a hydroxyacrylate with methacrylic anhydride to give a crosslinking agent with acrylic and methacrylic groups. Asymmetric (meth)acrylate crosslinking agents can be employed in the production of superabsorbers and thickening agents.

Abstract: A method for the decomposition of a Michael type adduct of an acrylic acid and/or an acrylic ester represented by the following formula [I] or [II] is disclosed, wherein decomposing the Michael type adduct in the presence of at least one copper salt and at least one metal salt selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal salt and an alkaline earth metal salt into an acrylic acid and/or an acrylic ester and/or an alcohol. CH2?CHCOO(—X—COO)n—R1??[I] R2—O(—X—COO)m—R3??[II] (wherein n and m denote an integer in the range of 1-5, R1, R2, and R3 independently denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and —X— denotes —CH2CH2— or —CH(CH3)—, and —X— may be identical or different when n is 2 or more).

Abstract: A method for making a polyether monomer having at least one unsaturated site per molecule and having a desired number of alkoxyl repeating units includes the steps of reacting an active hydrogen-containing monomer having at least one unsaturated site per molecule with an alkyl oxide in the presence of an alkoxylation catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor at a temperature from about 30° C. to less than 45° C. to produce a polyether monomer. In one embodiment, from about 5 to about 1000 parts by weight of a phenothiazine polymerization inhibitor per one million parts by weight of the active hydrogen-containing monomer phenothiazine compound is used as the polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: An acid decomposable compound of the present invention is a compound having acid decomposable groups and thermally-bond-formable groups in one molecule in a certain order. The acid decomposable compound contains at least a core structure, acid decomposable groups which are binding to the core structure and thermally-bond-formable groups which are binding to the acid decomposable groups, wherein the thermally-bond-formable groups undergo Diels-Alder Reactions, metathesis reactions or other thermal-addition reactions.

Abstract: The polyester polyols according to the invention with an average equivalent weight in the range from 200 to 4,000, which were prepared by reacting &agr;,&ohgr;-dicarboxylic acids with butane 1,4-diol, hexane 1,6-diol, propane 1,3-diol or pentane 1,5-diol and with polyols having 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, are used for the preparation of PUR pourable elastomers with improved resistance to hydrolysis.

Abstract: A process comprising the steps of a) reacting in an esterification reaction (i) a plurality of different plyols with; (ii) a plurality of different polycarboxylic acids and/or precursors therefor; in a manner to retain a plurality of free hydroxy groups in the resultant polyester(s) and retain substantial amounts of un-crosslinked polyesters in the resultant product; followed by b) reacting substantially all of the free hydroxy groups present in the resultant mixture of polyesters with an acrylating agent; to form a mixture having a hydroxy (OH) number (measured using ASTM E222-73) of no more than about 100 mg KOH/g. Use of the mixture as a composition for lithographic or flexographic inks.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of formula (I) in which: R1 and R2, which are identical or different, are C6-C23 alkyl or alkenyl radicals, linear or branched or —C(═O)—(C6-C23) alkyl or -c(═O)—(C6-C23) alkenyl, linear or branched. X is the oxygen atom or an amino-NR3 radical, R3 being a hydrogen atom or an inferior alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n is a positive whole number from 1 to 6; m is a positive whole number from 1 to 6, and when n>1, m can be identical or different. The invention also concerns novel compositions of said compounds and of active substances in particular therapeutically, comprising at least a negative charge for inserting said active susbtances in cells. It concerns in particular novel complexes, of which the active substance consists of one or several nucleic acids, useful for cell transfection.

Abstract: Allyletherester monomers are prepared by an esterification reaction of &agr;-allyl-&ohgr;-hydroxy-polyoxyalkylene refined so as to have peroxide value less than 5.0 meq/kg and aliphatic monocaboxylic acid under a specified condition in the absence of solvent and in the presence of an antioxidant. Allyletherester monomers thus prepared are used as an intermediate produce for the production of graft copolymers and/or their salts to be used as cement dispersant.

Abstract: In this invention, a process is provided by which a carboxylic acid/diol mixture suitable as starting material for a polyester production is obtained from a decolorized carboxylic acid solution without isolation of a substantially dry carboxylic acid solid. More specifically, in this invention, a process is provided by which a terephthalic acid/ethylene glycol mixture suitable as starting material for a polyester production is obtained from a decolorized terephthalic acid solution without isolation of a substantially dry terephthalic acid solid.

Abstract: A method for the production of an esterified product which can prevent the occurrence of a gel-like substance during the separation and removal of the water formed by the reaction in the esterification reaction or during the expulsion of a dehydrating solvent by distillation after the esterification reaction by causing an antigelling agent to act on the distillate and consequently permits efficient production of the esterified product of high quality, and an apparatus therefor are to be provided.

Abstract: Alkylpolyalkylene glycol esters of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids are prepared by esterifying (a) monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with (b) polyalkylene glycols which are endcapped at one end, in the absence of a solvent and in the presence of polymerization inhibitors and esterification catalysts at not more than 160° C. by a process in which the esterification is first carried out under atmospheric pressure or at up to 50 bar, the water formed in the esterification is then distilled from the reaction mixture at from 10 to 500 mbar and the esterification is then continued under atmospheric pressure or at up to 50 bar.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel production process for a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate in which: the diffusion of harmful substances due to disposal of catalysts can be reduced; and also the amount of the catalyst as used can be greatly saved in the entire production process. This production process comprises the step of carrying out a reaction between (meth)acrylic acid and an alkylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst in order to produce the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate; with the production process being characterized by further comprising the step of recovering the catalyst as has been used for the reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid esters by transesterification of the (meth)acrylic acid with an alkanol in the presence of an acid catalyst, a polymerization inhibitor and an organic solvent that forms an azeotropic mixture with water. The reaction mixture is heated to the boiling point of the mixture in a reactor that comprises a distillation unit with a column and a condenser. The azeotropic mixture is distilled off, the organic solvent is returned to the column as reflux and at least a part of the column reflux is contacted with copper or a copper-containing material. The inventive method is advantageous in that substantially no polymerizate is produced in the distillation column.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid esters by transesterification of the (meth)acrylic acid with a higher alkanol in the presence of an acid catalyst, at least one polymerization inhibitor and one organic solvent that forms an azeotropic mixture with water. The reaction mixture is heated to the boiling point of the mixture in a reactor that comprises a distillation unit with a column and a condenser. The content of the reactor is recirculated via an external evaporator and heated to the boiling point, and the azeotropic mixture is distilled off. The organic solvent forms a reflux and at least a part of the solvent reflux is recirculated between the reactor and the evaporator. The inventive method allows for the production of higher (meth)acrylic acid esters in a reactor with a circulation evaporator without using copper salts as the polymerization inhibitors.

Abstract: The preparation of a carboxylic ester by direct reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol catalyzed by a sulphonic acid R—SO3H is carried out in the presence of a solid comprising tertiary amine functions.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a high-quality hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate of which the alkylene glycol di(meth)acrylate content and the acid component content are both low; and its novel production process. The hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, which has a content, in terms of an alkylene glycol di(meth)acrylate as an impurity, of not more than 0.1 weight % and an acid component content of not more than 0.1 weight %, is obtained by a process comprising the step of carrying out a batch reaction between (meth)acrylic acid and an alkylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst in order to produce the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate; with the process making an adjustment as to charging of both raw materials in such a manner that, for, of a time as needed for supplying both raw materials, a supplying time of not less than 40% of a total supplying time when the raw materials as supplied have a temperature of not lower than 40° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel production process for a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, in which it is possible that: in a batch reaction system, the amount of the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate (which is the objective product) as produced is kept nearly on the same level as conventional and further, at the same time, there is suppressed the side production of the alkylene oxide's diaddition product (dialkylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate) that lowers the purity of the product to thus give a bad influence upon its quality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactive diluent composition which overcomes drawbacks of both the radical-cure and the cationic-cure reactive diluents and can be applied in a broad variety of uses such as paints, inks, adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, surface-modifiers, and molding materials; a curable resin composition containing the same; an activated energy ray-curable resin composition; and an activated energy ray-curable ink composition for ink-jet printing.

Abstract: The present invention No. I is to obtain a high purity 3-alkoxy-1-propanol having the content of alcoholic impurities of not more than 0.3% by weight by allowing to react acrolein with a linear or branched alcohol having a carbon number of 1-4 using acrolein having the content of propionaldehyde of not more than 1% by weight as a raw material, a 3-alkoxy-1-propanol is produced by a hydrogenation reaction using hydrogen of a reaction mass under the presence of a catalyst, followed by recovering through a distillation of the 3-alkoxy-1-propanol having the content of alcoholic impurities of not more than 0.3% by weight from a crude solution in the hydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: The invention provides adjuvants, immunogenic compositions, and methods useful for polynucleotide-based vaccination and immune response. In particular, the invention provides an adjuvant of cytofectin:co-lipid mixture wherein cytofectin is GAP-DMORIE.

Abstract: A low monomer 1:1-monoadduct from a diisocyanate and a hydroxy(meth)acrylate with a free diisocyanate content of less than 0.7% by weight and a free NCO content of 10.4-16.4% by weight can be used as a starting material for an acrylic or NCO functionalized crosslinker; a bonding agent for coatings and adhesives; and a linker for solid-phase synthesis of oligo-nucleotides, polynucleotides or peptides. The monoadduct is obtained by converting 5-20 mol diisocyanate with 1 mol hydroxy(meth)acrylate at a temperature of 40-120° C. in the presence of at least one inhibitor; subsequently separating a non-converted diisocyanate from a reaction product by short-path distillation at 80-220° C./0.1-10 mbar; feeding air, nitrogen monoxide or oxygen or a mixture containing (a) air, oxygen or nitrogen monoxide and (b) a proportion of 1-90% by volume of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, an inert gas or a mixture thereof through a reaction apparatus.

Abstract: A process for making acrylic polyols from allylic alcohols is disclosed. The process is performed essentially in the absence of styrene and in the absence of methyl acrylate or methacrylate. It comprises initially charging a reactor with an allylic alcohol, 0-75% of the total amount to be used of an acrylic monomer, and 0-100% of the total amount to be used of a free-radical initiator. The reaction mixture is heated to a temperature within the range of about 100° C. to about 250° C. The remaining acrylic monomer and initiator are gradually added into the reactor during the course of polymerization. The monomer conversion is greatly enhanced as a result of using essentially no styrene.

Abstract: This invention relates to odor neutralizers comprising esters of the formula (I) wherein R1 is an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms which can optionally contain a double bond; R2 is a hydrogen or an alkyl radical with 1 to 3 carbon atoms which can optionally contain a double bond; R3 is a hydrogen or a methyl radical substituted by the alkyl radicals R9 and R10; R4 is a hydrogen, a methyl radical or an acyloxy radical of the general formula O—CO—R1 wherein R1 has the abovementioned meaning; R5, R6, R7, R8 and R10 are identical or different and is hydrogen or methyl; R9 is a hydrogen and R4 and R9 can together represent a single carbon bond or a methylene or an ethylene bridge, with the proviso that i) in the case of cyclohexyl esters in which R1=methyl, R2=isopropyl, R5=methyl and R6=hydrogen, the substituents R2 and R5 are arranged in a cis relationship to each other; ii) in the case of cyclohexyl esters in which R2=isopropenyl, R5=methyl and R6&equa

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a low odor composition containing a dicyclopentenyl ester including the steps of preparing a distillation mixture containing the dicyclopentenyl ester and from 10 to 10,000 parts per million by weight based on weight of the dicyclopentenyl ester, of a suitable inhibitor; distilling the distillation mixture at a temperature in the range of 140° C. to 250° C.; collecting a first distillation fraction of the dicyclopentenyl ester; and then collecting a second distillation of the dicyclopentenyl ester; wherein the level of dicyclopentenyloxy(meth)acrylate in the second distillation fraction is in the range of 0 to 0.2 weight %, based on the weight of the dicyclopentenyl ester in the second distillation fraction. The second distillation fraction provides a low odor composition of the dicyclopentenyl ester which is useful as a reactive coalescent.

Abstract: Compositions for lithographic or flexographic inks are disclosed comprising at least one compound of Formula 1: 1

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cross-linking monomer represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, a process for preparing a photoresist polymer using the same, and said photoresist polymer: 1

Abstract: Compounds having alcoholic hydroxyl groups are esterified with acrylic or methacrylic acid in the presence of copper(II) salts or mixtures thereof as polymerization inhibitors and in the presence of a hydrocarbon as a water-entraining agent with removal of the water of reaction at from 90 to 150° C. After the esterification, the copper salt is precipitated as copper sulfide and is separated off from the ester. The light-color (meth)acrylates resulting in the high yields are particularly suitable for coatings containing colored pigment on substrates such as wood, paper, mineral building materials, plastics or metal.

Abstract: A sulfur-containing unsaturated carboxylate compound comprising a sulfur-containing substituent and at least two &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid residues, which are each attached to a secondary or tertiary carbon atom via an oxygen atom; a polymerizable composition comprising the sulfur-containing unsaturated carboxylate compound; a cured product prepared by polymerizing the polymerizable composition; an optical component consisting of the cured product; and novel intermediate compounds for preparation of the above carboxylate.

Abstract: (Meth)acrylates are prepared by esterifying a high-boiling compound having one or more alcoholic hydroxyl groups with (meth)acrylic acid in the presence of an entraining agent, such as a (cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbon, by heating the reaction mixture to the boil and discharging the water of reaction with the entraining agent, in a substantially shorter reaction time and constant product quality, if, during the esterification reaction, the entraining agent is metered into the reaction mixture under temperature control at a rate such that the boiling point of the reaction mixture remains constant.

Abstract: A method for the production of an esterified product which can prevent the occurrence of a gel-like substance during the separation and removal of the water formed by the reaction in the esterification reaction or during the expulsion of a dehydrating solvent by distillation after the esterification reaction by causing an antigelling agent to act on the distillate and consequently permits efficient production of the esterified product of high quality, and an apparatus therefor are to be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copolymer resin for ultra-shortwave light source such as KrF or ArF, process for preparation thereof, and photoresist comprising the same resin. The copolymer resin according to the present invention is easily prepared by conventional radical polymerization due to the introduction of norbornyl(meth)acrylate unit to a structure of copolymer for photoresist. The resin has high transparency at 193 nm wavelength, provides increased etching resistance and enhanced adhesive strength due to a hydrophilic functional group in the norbornyl group, and shows excellent resolution of 0.15 Fm in practical experiment of patterning.

Abstract: A method for the production of an esterified product which can prevent the occurrence of a gel-like substance during the separation and removal of the water formed by the reaction in the esterification reaction or during the expulsion of a dehydrating solvent by distillation after the esterification reaction by causing an antigelling agent to act on the distillate and consequently permits efficient production of the esterified product of high quality, and an apparatus therefor are to be provided.

Abstract: The preparation of a carboxylic ester by direct reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol catalyzed by a sulphonic acid R—SO3H is carried out in the presence of a solid comprising tertiary amine functions.

Abstract: This invention relates to pentaerythritol lipid derivatives which are useful for the intracellular delivery of polynucleotides. These cationic lipids are useful in the preparation of liposomes and other lipid vesicles for the delivery of nucleic acids into mammalian cells.

Abstract: A method for the production of an esterified product is provided which affords an esterified product with high quality by repressing, during the esterification reaction of an alcohol with (meth)acrylic acid, the occurrence of impurities, particularly gel, to be formed owing to the polymerization of the alcohol and the (meth)acrylic acid as raw materials, the esterified product consequently formed, or the mixture thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to powder coating compositions which can be cured at low temperatures. The powder coating composition of the invention include a unique combination of a branched oligoester polyol and uretdione crosslinking agent which when cured results in a coating binder with desirable hardness, flexibility, solvent resistance, corrosion resistance, weatherability and gloss.

Abstract: Use of 4,4-diarylbutadienes of the formula I, where the variables have the meanings explained in the description, as water-soluble photostable UV filters in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for protecting the human skin or human hair from the sun's rays, alone or together with compounds which absorb in the UV region and are known per se for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fatty acid ester of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether wherein a fatty acid ester of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether represented by the following formula (I) is produced through a reaction between a fatty acid alkyl ester with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a composite metal-oxide catalyst whose surface is modified with a metal hydroxide or a metal alkoxide: wherein each of R1 and R3 independently represents an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, R2 represents an alkylene group, and n is a positive number.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing acrylate esters, methacrylate esters, polyester acrylates or polyester methacrylates by reacting acrylic or methacrylic acid with a monohydroxy containing compound or a polyhydroxy containing compound in the presence of a catalyst and polymerization inhibitor in a reaction vessel, in the presence or absence of a solvent, under microwave energy as a heating source. Advantages of using microwave energy in place of conventional thermal heating include higher temperatures coupled with shorter residence times, reduced production costs, increased capacity, lower energy costs, effective use of raw materials, and solventless processing which is environmentally friendly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing unsaturated esters by azeo-tropically esterifyinga) monohydric or polyhydric alcohols orb) polyesters which contain at least two hydroxyl groups per molecule and are the reaction product of polyhydric alcohols with mono- or dibasis, saturated or aromatically unsaturated carboxylic acids,with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of an acid catalyst and subsequently reacting the acid catalyst and any unesterified carboxylic acid groups with ethylenically unsaturated monoepoxy compounds.