Abstract: The present invention relates to propoxylated guerbet alcohols and esters having an iodine number less than 7 and defined by the general formula: ##STR1## which alcohols and esters are useful, individually or in admixture, as lubricants in the working of metals.

Abstract: Polymerizable monomer compounds selected from the group having the formulae: ##STR1## whereinR is hydrogen or methyl;X is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxyl, perfluoroalkylsulfonoxy of one to three carbon atoms, perfluoroacyloxy of one to three carbon atoms, benzoyloxy, or trichloroacetoxy;Y is trichloroacetyl, perfluoroacyl of the formula ##STR2## trialkylsilyl of the formula [CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.m ].sub.3 Si-- or hydrogen,wherein n is zero to six; and m is zero to three, with the proviso that when Y in Formula I or II is hydrogen, X is selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo in Formulas I and II, and additionally from hydroxyl in Formula I, are disclosed. Polymers and copolymers of the invention are useful for preparing hydrogel processed articles such as contact lenses, and when dissolved in solvents they can be coated onto articles and then hydrolyzed to provide hydrogel coatings.

Abstract: Polypropylene oxide having unsaturated end groups is prepared by polymerizing alkylene oxide in the presence of a complex catalyst prepared by reacting an organoaluminum compound with a porphyrin compound and an active hydrogen-containing compound and converting at least one hydroxyl end groups into an unsaturated end group(s), the prepared polymer having a narrow distribution of molecular weight.

Abstract: A cyclohexyleneoxyalkyl acrylate monomer having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R is H or CH.sub.3,a is an integer of from 1 to 10 andb is 1 or 2is useful in polymerizable compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an acrylate compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 stands for an alkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 stands for a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms when n is 1, and n is 1 or 2.A composition comprising this acrylate compound as one component has an excellent adhesiveness.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to polyhydroxyl compounds containing both ether and ester groups, having an average hydroxyl functionality of 2 to 6 and an average hydroxyl number of about 100 to 600, based on the esterification product of (i) polyether polyols having an average hydroxyl functionality of 3 to 8 and an average hydroxyl number of about 200 to 1000 with (ii) about 5 to 70 equivalent %, based on the hydroxyl group of component (i) and the carboxyl group of component (ii), of organic monocarboxylic acids. The present invention is also directed to the use of the polyhydroxyl compounds as synthesis components in the production of polyurethane plastics materials by the isocyanate-polyaddition process, particularly their use as the polyol component in two-component polyurethane coating agents and/or polyurethane casting systems which are solvent-free or have a low solvent content.

Abstract: A process for the production of 1-alkoxyalkyl esters comprises reacting an unsaturated ester with an alcohol in the presence of a Lewis base containing catalyst. The Lewis base containing catalyst is preferably (i) an amidine, or (ii) a Lewis base and an epoxide or (iii) a trivalent organophosphorus compound in the presence of an activated alkene or alkyne. The process can be used to prepare, for example, 1-methoxyethyl acetate from vinyl acetate and methanol under mild conditions.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein is a process for preparing aliphatic anhydrides comprising contacting a divinyl ether with carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of a strong acid. The invention is further a process for preparing alkylidene dicarboxylates, which are intermediates in the above preparation of aliphatic anhydride.

Abstract: Photocurable polyacrylate or methacrylate compounds which exhibit extremely low, neat viscosities while at the same time maintaining the high cure response of other related photocurable materials may be represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkyl ether alkyl and A is the residue of a diol or dicarboxylic acid, preferably, a diphenol such as Bisphenol A. The process for preparing these materials involves reacting a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 aliphatic alcohol or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 aliphatic ether alcohol with a diglycidyl ether or ester and esterifying the remaining hydroxyl groups with acrylic or methacrylic acid.

Abstract: Production of a reaction mixture comprising the multifunctional acrylates, methacrylates or halogenated derivatives thereof of oxyalkylated allyl alcohol characterized as being free of odor typical of allyl compounds, not lachrimatory and substantially reduced skin irritation as compared with acrylates and methacrylates of allyl alcohol. The acrylate and methacrylate compositions of the invention are useful as radiation-crosslinkable diluents for radiation-hardenable compositions (binders).

Abstract: Lower-.omega.-alkenoyloxy-long chain alkanoic anhydrides are synthesized from the .omega.-hydroxyalkanoic acids and are condensed with glycerophosphatidyl cholines to prepare alkenoyloxyalkanoic esters of glycerophosphatidyl cholines. These are used to make vesicles which are then polymerized in situ. These vesicles show improved stability and the rate of leakage of entrapped active ingredients such as drugs can be controlled. They are also used to form a hydrophyllic monolayer on polyethylene.

Abstract: Polymerizable monomer compounds selected from the group having the formulae: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl;X is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxyl, perfluoroalkylsulfonoxy of one to three carbon atoms, perfluoroacyloxy of one to three carbon atoms, benzoyloxy, or trichloroacetoxy;Y is trichloroacetyl, perfluoroacyl of the formula ##STR2## trialkylsilyl of the formula [CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.m ].sub.3 Si-- or hydrogen,wherein n is zero to six; and m is zero to three, with the proviso that when Y in Formula I or II is hydrogen, X is selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo in Formulas I and II, and additionally from hydroxyl in Formula I, are disclosed. Polymers and copolymers of the invention are useful for preparing hydrogel processed articles such as contact lenses, and when dissolved in solvents they can be coated onto articles and then hydrolyzed to provide hydrogel coatings.

Abstract: Compositions comprising 1,2-alkanediol diacrylate monomers may be polymerized to form polymers useful as dielectrics for capacitors. Said dielectrics are characterized by low dissipation factor and low capacitance change over a wide range of temperatures.

Abstract: Acrylate and methacrylate monoesters of pentaerythritol and pentaerythritol orthoesters are provided. These orthoesters are especially useful as monomers for the preparation of polymers and copolymers having a variety of industrial applications.

Abstract: Mono(meth)acrylate or di(meth)acrylate of 2-methylpropylene glycol. The diacrylate, or a low molecular weight oligomer thereof, with polymeric filler and sensitizer is useful as a photosensitive component.

Abstract: Compositions comprising polyfunctional acrylate monomers of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic or alicyclic radical having about 20-40 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or methyl, and n is from 2 to 4, at least about 40% of said monomers containing alicyclic R.sup.1 moieties, may be polymerized to form polymers useful as dielectrics for capacitors. Illustrative polyfunctional acrylates are those prepared from a diol which is the reduction product of linoleic acid dimer, or from condensation products of fatty acids such as linoleic acid with such materials as acrylic acid.

Abstract: Compositions comprising mixed acrylates and propionates, or the like, of polyhydroxy compounds of the formula R.sup.1 (OH).sub.n, wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic or alicyclic radical having about 1-40 carbon atoms and n is from 2 to 4, may be polymerized to form polymers useful as dielectrics for capacitors. Said capacitors are characterized by low dissipation factors at both high and low temperatures.

Abstract: Photocurable polyacrylate or methacrylate compounds which exhibit extremely low, neat viscosities while at the same time maintaining the high cure response of other related photocurable materials may be represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkyl ether alkyl and A is the residue of a diol or dicarboxylic acid, preferably a diphenol such as Bisphenol A. The process for preparing these materials involves reacting a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 aliphatic alcohol or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 aliphatic ether alcohol with a diglycidyl ether or ester and esterifying the remaining hydroxyl groups with acrylic or methacrylic acid.

Abstract: This process is concerned with the reductive coupling of .alpha.-halo ethers and/or .alpha.-halo esters to make ethylene glycol derivatives by carrying out the reductive coupling process in the presence of an iron compound having iron in an oxidation state of zero.

Abstract: Radiation curable diluents have been developed which are acrylic acid esters of alkoxylated 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol and tripropylene glycol, each having a relatively low degree of alkoxylation. Examples are diacrylates of adducts of neopentyl glycol with two moles, four moles and six moles, respectively, of ethylene oxide and with two moles and four moles, respectively, of propylene oxide.

Abstract: Alkyl methacrylate polymers which have one or more hydroxyhydrocarbyl end groups and a process for making them employing an anionic initiator followed by hydrolysis. The polyfunctional polymers are useful in automobile powder finishes and the monofunctional polymers are useful in polymer blends.

Abstract: Esters and mixed ester-amides derived from glycolic acid by substitution at the hydroxyl and carboxyl functions were prepared by conventional procedures and tested for antimicrobial activity. All of the compounds tested showed some inhibition against four microorganisms under the test conditions, and some of them had potent activity. These new compounds have properties which make it possible for them to be used as biostatic agents in commercial products.

Abstract: A cis-trans isomerization of a cis-.beta.-.gamma.-unsaturated alcohol or its ester having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; X represents hydrogen atom or ##STR2## and R.sub.2 represents a hydrocarbon moiety or a hydroxyhydrocarbon moiety; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon moiety into a transform, in the presence of a mercaptan as a catalyst, is provided. It can be also attained in the presence of a mercaptan and/or a disulfide as a catalyst in an inert gas environment with an initiator. It can be also attained in the presence of a mercaptan under an irradiation, if desired with a small amount of an initiator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dental material comprising a polymerizable methacrylate monomer mixture and a curing agent, said polymerizable methacrylate monomer mixture containing a compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is H or methyl and n is integer of 1-4, in an amount of 5-50% by weight based on the whole polymerizable monomer mixture. Said dental material is useful as a filling material, a dental adhesive primer, and a pit and fissure sealant.

Abstract: Polyprenyl derivatives having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyloxy group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyl group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyl group or an araliphatic acyl group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, n is an integer of 1-4 and, when n is an integer of 2-4, R.sup.2 's may be the same or different; provided that, when n is 1 or 2, at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 's is hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aliphatic acyloxy group, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group. These derivatives are useful as medicines for treating peptic ulcer.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylates as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Abstract: The present invention describes the production of high molecular weight unsaturated esters of polyhydric alcohols and their derivatives.

Abstract: A process for esterifying terminal hydroxyl groups of a polyoxyalkylene compound comprising one or more ring opened tert.-butyl or tert.-amyl glycidyl ether groups, without removing a significant portion of these tert.-alkyl ether groups. The process is conducted by contacting the polyoxyalkylene compound with an organic, carboxylic acid or anhydride in the liquid phase, in the presence of a small but catalytically effective amount of a Lewis base.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid anhydrides are contacted with hydrogen in the presence of an insoluble metal hydrogenation catalyst and strong protonic acid to produce 1,1-diesters.

Abstract: Polymerizable acrylic monomers, and anaerobic adhesives which contain such monomers, wherein the acrylic monomers contain internal chain unsaturation in addition to terminal acrylic unsaturation.

Abstract: Low color residue acrylate esters are produced by reacting an organic polyol such as neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol, or 3'-hydroxy-2',2'-dimethylpropyl 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropionate with acrylic or methacrylic acid in contact with a lower alkoxy substituted phenolic or alkylated alkoxyphenolic polymerization inhibitor at a critical low reaction temperature of from 20.degree. C. to 80.degree. C.

Abstract: Certain phosphorus-containing compounds are described herein which are novel latent catalysts for promoting the reaction between vicinal epoxides and phenols and/or carboxylic acids (or anhydrides). Precatalyzed epoxy resins are easily prepared using such catalysts.

Abstract: 1,2-Glycol esters are obtained particularly advantageously, by reacting an olefin with molecular oxygen and a carboxylic acid, if a reaction product of o-titanic acid with low molecular weight alcohols or carboxylic acids, e.g. dititanium hexaacetate, is used as the catalyst.

Abstract: Phosphonium compounds of the formula ##STR1## where Y is --CH.sub.2 OH or --CH.sub.2 OOCCH.sub.2 PR.sub.3, n is an integer of 2 - 4, R is a substituted group, preferably hydrocarbon, such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, etc., and X is a negative ion. These compounds are used in inhibiting the corrosion of metals and particularly in preventing corrosion of metals, particularly iron, steel and ferrous alloys.

Abstract: A polymerizable material is formed by the reaction of: (A) acrylamide or methacrylamide; (B) from 1.5 to 2 moles, per mole of acrylamide or methacrylamide, of formaldehyde; and (C) an amount equivalent to the formaldehyde of a hydroxyl-group containing component comprising one or more hydroxyl or group-containing compounds containing from 1 to 4 primary or secondary hydroxyl groups per molecule, at least one of the hydroxyl groups-containing compounds being a monoacrylate or monomethacrylate of a diprimary, disecondary or primary-secondary diol, the said monoacrylate or monomethacrylate being used in an amount of from 0.1 to k mole, per mole of acrylamide or methacrylamide, when the average number of hydroxyl groups per molecule of the hydroxyl group-containing component is 1 and in an amount of from 0.

Abstract: Polymers of esters of methacrylic acid having an average chain length of about 6 to about 50 mers are prepared by an anionic polymerization reaction, carried out in the presence of a chain-regulating alcohol and a catalytic amount of an alkoxide anion, in which control of the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymer are achieved by regulating the ratio of the total quantity of alcohol employed to the total monomer charge. These polymers, their hydrolysis products, and their derivatives having condensation-crosslinkable functionality have a wide variety of applications, including use as components in films, coatings, fibers, impregnants, adhesives, printing inks, and binders, and use as modifiers, plasticizers, melt flow improvers, and leveling agents.

Abstract: New bromine compounds are provided. They correspond to the formulaH -- X' -- COO -- (X--OOC).sub.t-1 -- X" -- Hin which t is 1 or 2 and X, X' and X" are brominated alkylene. The new compounds are useful as flameproofing agents for synthetic fibers.

Abstract: A new class of highly reactive vinyl-polymerizable monomers having surfactant properties is provided by the esters of acrylic, methacrylic and crotonic acids and the mono- and di-esters of maleic, fumaric, itaconic and aconitic acids with (a) C.sub.8 - C.sub.20 alkylphenoxy (ethyleneoxy).sub.10-60 ethyl alcohol, (b) (ethyleneoxy).sub.15-25 sorbitan esters of C.sub.12 - C.sub.20 fatty acids and (c) methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol. The new surfactive monomers are used in emulsion polymerization to provide latexes and copolymers with superior properties.

Abstract: An improved method for making glycol monoesters and diesters of carboxylic acid by the reaction of an olefin and oxygen in the presence of a carboxylic acid and a catalyst, wherein said catalyst includes a compound of a metal of groups IVB - VIIB having an atomic number between 40 and 42 inclusive or between 72 and 75 inclusive, i.e. zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or rhenium.

Abstract: Esters are prepared by reaction of acyl halides and alcohols or hydroxyalkyl esters and acid halides in the presence of a tertiary amine and polar aprotonic solvents. Bis(2-methacrylatoethyl) phthalate is prepared by the reaction of phthaloyl chloride with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in pyridine and acetone. Bis-phenol-A-bis(2-methacrylatoethyl)ether is prepared from 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-propane and methacryl chloride in acetone.

Abstract: Polymers of esters of methacrylic acid having an average chain length of about 6 to about 50 mers are prepared by an anionic polymerization reaction, carried out in the presence of a chain-regulating alcohol and a catalytic amount of an alkoxide anion, in which control of the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymer are achieved by regulating the ratio of the total quantity of alcohol employed to the total monomer charge. These polymers, their hydrolysis products, or their hydroxyl-containing derivatives are esterified or transesterified to give polymers having pendant acrylate or methacrylate functionality which are useful in formulating films, coatings, inks, and the like.

Abstract: Polyprenyl derivatives having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyloxy group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyl group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyl group or an araliphatic acyl group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, n is an integer of 1-4 and, when n is an integer of 2-4, R.sup.2 's may be the same or different; provided that, when n is 1 or 2, at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 's is hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aliphatic acyloxy group, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group. These derivatives are useful as medicines for treating peptic ulcer.

Abstract: Polymers of esters of methacrylic acid having an average chain length of about 6 to about 50 mers are prepared by an anionic polymerization reaction, carried out in the presence of a chain-regulating alcohol and a catalytic amount of an alkoxide anion, in which control of the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymer are achieved by regulating the ratio of the total quantity of alcohol employed to the total monomer charge. These polymers, their hydrolysis products, and their derivatives have a wide variety of applications, including use as components in films, coatings, fibers, impregnants, adhesives, printing inks, and binders, and use as modifiers, plasticizers, melt flow improvers, and leveling agents.

Abstract: Stabilized acrylic acid esters of polyhydric alcohols which contain as stabilizers polymerisation inhibitors including small amounts of compounds of the styrene type show a non-reduced polymerisation reactivity.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylates as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.