Abstract: A process for producing an optically active cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester compound represented by the formula (4): (wherein R5, R6 and * each represents the same meaning as defined below), comprising reacting a diazoacetic acid ester represented by the formula (2): N2CHCO2R5??(2) (wherein R5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or the like) with a compound represented by the formula (3): (wherein R6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or the like), in the presence of an asymmetric copper complex obtained by reacting a copper compound and an optically active salicylideneaminoalcohol compound represented by the formula (1): (wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or the like, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or the like, R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like, and * represents an asymmetric center).

Abstract: Disclosed are enantiomers of amino-phenyl-acetic acid octadec-9-(Z)-enyl ester, and salts thereof, including pharmaceutical compositions, uses and a process for the manufacture thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for converting a multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon or ester thereof to a chlorohydrin, by contacting the multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon or ester thereof starting material with a source of hydrogen chloride at superatmospheric, atmospheric and subatmospheric pressure conditions for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature, preferably wherein such contracting step is carried out without substantial removal of water, to produce the desired chlorohydrin product; wherein the desired product or products can be made in high yield without substantial formation of undesired overchlorinated byproducts; said process carried out without a step undertaken to specifically remove volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon by-products or chloroacetone, wherein the combined concentration of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon by-products and chloroacetone is less than 2000 ppm throughout any stage of the said process.

Abstract: Provided that a method for inexpensively producing optically active ?-ionone with a high yield and a high asymmetric yield and with good workability in a short process, and a perfume composition comprising the optically active ?-ionone obtained by the aforementioned method. A method for producing optically active ?-ionone, comprising allowing ?-ionone as a mixture of optical isomers to react with an esterification agent, and hydrolyzing the obtained ?-ionone enol ester; a method for producing optically active ?-ionone comprising subjecting ?-ionone as a mixture of optical isomers to an asymmetric reduction, allowing the obtained optically active ?-ionol to react with an esterification agent to give an optically active ?-ionol ester, hydrolyzing the obtained optically active ?-ionol ester after purification as necessary, and then oxidizing the obtained optically active ?-ionol; and a perfume composition comprising thus obtained optically active ?-ionone.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides various methods and systems for manufacture, transport and delivery of material including highly polarized nuclei that is in a hyperpolarized state.

Abstract: PROBLEM To provide an environmentally-friendly method for producing industrially an ester compound. SOLUTION The present invention is a method for producing an ester compound which comprises subjecting a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to dehydration-condensation reaction using an involatile acid catalyst and then removing the residual acid catalyst by bringing a weak basic substance into contact with the residual acid catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel synthesis methods for the preparation of statin derivatives, which methods proceed by way of a key intermediate of formula I wherein X is halogen, acyloxy, activated hydrocarbyloxy, activated hydrocarbylthio or —N(CH3)OCH3, Ra is a hydroxy-protecting group and Rb is a carboxy-protecting group, and, as well as to the compound of formula I, to further new intermediates and methods for their preparation by Friedel-Crafts acylation.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a phosphonic acid functionalized mesoporous metal oxide material (e.g., silica, titania, alumina, preferably silica material) is provided. Further, a method of using the phosphonic acid functionalized mesoporous silica material as a solid acid catalyst in a pinicole-pinacolone rearrangement reaction, and a method of using a phosphonic acid functionalized mesoporous silica material as a solid acid catalyst in a transesterification reaction is provided. A method for preparing a mesoporous titania film for use in a dye sensitized solar cell is also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to solid acid catalysts, methods of making solid acid catalysts, methods of using solid acid catalysts, and the like. An embodiment of the present disclosure can include a reusable and recoverable solid, carbon supported, porous acid catalyst for biodiesel generation using activated carbon or biochar generated from agricultural or forestry residues.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of ethyl acetate by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethyl acetate is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over platinum and copper supported on silica selectively produces ethyl acetate in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 250° C.

Abstract: The efficiency of vinyl acetate production is increased by scrubbing of off gas followed by CO2 absorption. A portion of the off gas containing substantial quantities of ethylene is recycled to the process, whereas another portion is employed in another ethylene consuming reaction. Despite not removing non-reactive gases, selectivity and yield based on ethylene are both increased.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a carboxylic acid ester of formula (3): R2COOR1??(3) wherein R1 is an alkyl group which may be substituted, an alkenyl group which may be substituted, an alkynyl group which may be substituted, an aralkyl group which may be substituted, or a heteroarylalkyl group which may be substituted, and R2 is an alkyl group which may be substituted, an alkenyl group which may be substituted, an alkynyl group which may be substituted, an aryl group which may be substituted, a heteroaryl which may be substituted, an aralkyl group which may be substituted, or a heteroarylalkyl group which may be substituted, which process is characterized by the steps of reacting a monohydroxy compound of formula (1): R1OH??(1) wherein R1 is as defined above, with a zirconium compound of formula (6): Zr(OR8)4??(6) wherein R8 is an alkyl group or an aryl group which may be substituted and is not the same as R1, to prepare a zirconium catalyst, and reacting a carboxylic acid of formula (2):

Abstract: Compounds of formulas I-IV: (I), (II), (III) (IV), wherein: R1 and R4-R23 are independently selected from H and 1-3 carbon lower alkyl; and R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, 1-3 carbon lower O II alkyl, and —C—Ra, wherein Ra is 1-3 carbon lower alkyl. Pharmaceutical compositions, which include any of Compounds I-IV and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, methods of inducing tumor cell apoptosis by administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of any of Compounds I-IV, and methods for obtaining any of Compounds I-IV by extracting the compound from coral are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid dispersant of the formula I wherein T is selected from a polyethylene imine (PEI) or modified PEI moiety, polyvinylamine (PVA) or modified PVA, or polyallylamine (PAA) or modified PAA. B is a branched monomer selected from a monofunctional carboxylic acid moiety having at least two hydroxyl groups or a monofunctional carboxylic acid moiety having at least two hydroxyl groups wherein one or more of the hydroxyl groups are hydroxyalkyl substituted, R1 and R2 independently of one another are hydrophobic groups selected from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid moiety with 3-24 carbon atoms, a monofunctional carboxylic acid moiety or a polymer moiety containing C3-C24 alkyl (hydroxyl)carboxylic acid moieties with MW ranges from 100 to 10,000 g/mol, X is B with —OH terminal group, or R1 or R2, q is a number between 5-2000, with the proviso that q is less than the sum of all amine groups of PEI, PVA, PAA. n is a number of 1-6.

Abstract: Compositions and methods useful in connection with magnetic resonance imaging are provided. Metabolites hyperpolarized by dynamic nuclear polarization are used as reporter molecules in nuclear magnetic resonance (“NMR”) spectroscopy to study metabolic pathways and diagnose disease states. The reporter molecules include hyperpolarized glutamine and hyperpolarized acetate. The invention includes the reporter molecules, compositions including the reporter molecules in pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, methods for studying metabolic pathways that include introducing one or more of the reporter molecules to a mammalian subject and imaging a target substance using NMR spectroscopy, and kits useful in studying metabolic pathways that incorporate one or more of the reporter molecules and instructions for their use.

Abstract: Alicyclic carboxylic acid oxycarbonylmethyl ester of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or CH3, n is 0 or 1 and m is 0 or 1, and their use as odorants.

Abstract: An acyloxylation catalyst is obtained by loading (a) a first component containing at least one element of Groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the Periodic Table, (b) a second component containing an element which is at least one element of Groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the Periodic Table and which is different from the element of the first component, and (c) a third component containing an element which is a component that produces a precipitation-starting pH below the precipitation-starting pH of the first component and second component and which is different from the elements of the first component and second component, onto (d) a support. A catalyst is obtained that can be used to efficiently carry out acyloxylation for economical production of acyloxylated compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing chiral organic compounds by asymmetric catalysis, using ionic catalysts comprising a chiral catalyst anion. The claimed method is suitable for reactions which are carried out over cationic intermediate stages, such as iminium ions or acyl pyridinium ions. The invention enables the production of chiral compounds with high ee values, that until now could only be obtained by means of costly purification methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkyl methacrylates and their conversion products which can be used in a multitude of chemical synthesis processes which can lead to a wide variety of different further processing products, and to an apparatus for performing this process.

Abstract: Basic metal salt of glycerin is used as transesterification catalyst or an intermediate to an anhydrous transesterification catalyst for the base catalyzed process for making biodiesel from fats and oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general terms to a process for preparing acetone cyanohydrin, comprising as steps: A. contacting acetone and hydrocyanic acid in a reactor to give a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture being circulated, to obtain acetone cyanohydrin; B. cooling at least some of the reaction mixture by flowing it through a cooling region of a cooler, the cooler including one cooling element or at least two cooling elements; C.

Abstract: The invention relates to nitroso derivatives including carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid esters of hydroxy nitroso compounds that donate nitroxyl (HNO) under physiological conditions. The compounds and compositions of the invention are useful in treating and/or preventing the onset and/or development of diseases or conditions that are responsive to nitroxyl therapy, including heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury and cancer.

Abstract: A surface-modified inorganic material and a preparation method thereof. A surface-modified inorganic material is provided which is obtained by allowing an organosilane compound having allyl or an allyl derivative to react with an inorganic material, particularly solid silica or ITO glass, in the presence of an acid and an organic solvent, to introduce an organic group into the inorganic material even at room temperature, as well as a preparation method thereof. The invention can effectively introduce the organic group into the inorganic material even at room temperature, and thus is very effective in introducing compounds having a thermally sensitive functional group, for example, natural compounds or proteins. It is possible to introduce various organic groups into an inorganic material and to separate and purify organic molecule-bonded organosilane compounds using a silica gel column to effectively bond them to inorganic materials. Accordingly, the invention is very useful in the chemical industry.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a countercurrent process for the continuous esterification of C1-22 (fatty) acids with C1-10 monoalkanols, C2-5 di- or trialkanols or mixtures thereof in the liquid phase in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts in a preliminary reactor (1) and in a reaction column (3), characterized in that the reaction column (3) is preceded by the preliminary reactor (1) and a separation unit (2) for the purpose of reducing the viscosity of the reaction mixture and removing the water of reaction from the system via a separation unit (2) to displace the reaction equilibrium before the reaction column (3). A further aspect of the invention concerns feeding nitrogen in at the lowermost plate of the reaction column (3) in order to increase the vapor load in the lower part of the reaction column.

Abstract: Provide that a useful catalyst for homogeneous hydrogenation, particularly a catalyst for homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation for hydrogenation, particularly asymmetric hydrogenation, which is obtainable with comparative ease and is excellent in economically and workability, and a process for producing a hydrogenated compound of an unsaturated compound, particularly an optically active compound using said catalyst with a high yield and optical purity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a green catalytic process for the synthesis of acetyl salicylic acid using solid acid catalysts at atmospheric pressure. The invention involve the solid acid catalyst such as sulfated transition metal oxides namely nano-crystalline sulfated zirconia, sulfated titania; modified zeolites namely zeolite H-beta, H-Y, H-ZSM-5 and K-10 montmorillonite clay in a solvent free environment using salicylic acid and acetic anhydride with yield about 95% and high selectivity (100%). The solid acid catalysts can be recovered, regenerated and reused.

Abstract: Use of compounds of the formula (1) as flavour or fragrance ingredients

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an optically active 3-methylcyclopentadecan-1-one which is characterized in that 2-cyclopentadecen-1-one is subjected to a 1,4-conjugate addition reaction of a methyl group by using a methylated organic metal in the presence of a copper catalyst, an enol anion scavenger and a specific optically active phosphoramidite for obtaining an optically active 3-methyl-1-cyclopentadecene derivative, and then the thus-obtained 3-methyl-1-cyclopentadecene derivative is subjected to a solvolysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a carboxylic acid ester from an aqueous solution of the corresponding carboxylic acid ammonium salt using alcoholysis. The recovered carboxylic acid ester may be subsequently hydrolyzed to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Compositions are formulated with generally regarded as safe (GRAS) ingredients for use as chemical simulants of toxants such as chemical warfare agents. The compositions can be used for training exercises, testing, and research studies and they can be applied safely to human skin. They include ultraviolet-excited fluorescent ingredients that make possible visible viewing of the simulants. The chemical simulants have good fidelity with the physical properties of toxants, for example, vapor pressure, volatility, persistence, viscosity, response to oxidative, hydrolysis, and perhydrolysis decontaminants, and they can be detected by commonly used portable instruments used to detect toxants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthesis reactor and to a method for producing vinyl acetate, in which gaseous ethylene and acetic acid, in addition to oxygen or gases containing oxygen, react catalytically. The inventive synthesis reactor is a wall reactor, in which the catalytic synthesis takes place in a plurality of reaction chambers, whose free flow cross sections measure less than 2000 ?m, preferably 1000 ?m and whose indirectly cooled walls are coated with a palladium-gold catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are prodrugs of (2R)-2-propyloctanoic acid, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, which may be effective in modulating multiple events in the biochemical cascade of stroke. Also disclosed are methods of treating patients who have had a stroke, or are at risk of stroke, by administering the compounds or compositions of the invention.

Abstract: Acetic acid and/or vinyl acetate are produced by an integrated process which comprises the steps: (a) contacting in a first reaction zone a gaseous feedstock comprising ethylene and/or ethane and optionally steam with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst active for the oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid and/or ethane to acetic acid and ethylene to produce a first product stream comprising acetic acid, water and ethylene (either as unreacted ethylene and/or as co-produced ethylene) and optionally also ethane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen; (b) contacting in a second reaction zone in the presence or absence of additional ethylene and/or acetic acid at least a portion of the first gaseous product stream comprising at least acetic acid and ethylene and optionally also one or more of water, ethane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst active for the production of vinyl acetate to produce

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a peroxyester which can be used in particular in polymerizations, such as the polymerization of vinyl chloride, or in the thermosetting of polyester resins. This process comprises the reaction of a hydroxyhydroperoxide salt with an acid halide or an acid anhydride under the following conditions: the molar ratio Rb of the hydroxyhydroperoxide corresponding to the hydroxyhydroperoxide salt to the acid halide is between 0.5 and 1.5; or alternatively the molar ratio Rb? of the hydroxyhydroperoxide corresponding to the hydroxyhydroperoxide salt to the acid anhydride is between 1.0 and 3.0; the hydroxyhydroperoxide salt was prepared beforehand by reaction of the corresponding hydroxyhydroperoxide with a base according to a molar ratio Ra of the base to the hydroxyhydroperoxide of between 0.5 and 1.5; and this process is carried out in aqueous media.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a microscopic physical state of xanthophylls or oxycarotenoids derivatives forms such as diacetates or dipropionates derivatives, which are readily incorporated in the digestive system as micelles providing an improved bioavailability, as compared to the bioavailability of carotenoids that are ingested in diverse preparations that contain microscopic carotenoids crystals and a method for its application.

Abstract: Vinyl acetate is prepared by a) continuous gas-phase reaction of ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen at 1 to 30 bar and 130° C. to 200° C., the process heat being removed by heat exchange with water at 120° C. to 185° C. and 1 to 10 bar, b) the product gas stream consisting essentially of ethylene, vinyl acetate, acetic acid, water, carbon dioxide and further inert gases is fractionated, and c) all or part of the ethylene is recycled to the recycle gas process, wherein all or part of steam formed in the gas-phase reaction by heat exchange, with a temperature of from 120° C. to 185° C. and pressure of from 1 to 10 bar, is compressed by a differential pressure of at least 0.5 bar and used further.

Abstract: The invention relates to synthesis methods for the preparation of statin derivatives, which methods proceed by way of a key intermediate of formula I wherein X is halogen, acyloxy, activated hydrocarbyloxy, activated hydrocarbylthio or N(CH3)OCH3, Ra is a hydroxy-protecting group, and Rb is a carboxy-protecting group, and, as well as to the compound of formula I, to further intermediates and methods for their preparation by Friedel-Crafts acylation.

Abstract: A process for the alkoxycarbonylation of a vinyl ester comprising reacting a vinyl ester with carbon monoxide in the presence of an alkanol and a catalyst system. The catalyst system used in the said process is obtainable by combining: a) a metal of Group VIII B or a compound thereof, and b) a bidentate ligand of general formula (I) wherein, R is a covalent bridging group; R1 together with Q2 to which it is attached form an optionally substituted 2-Q2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1 {3,7}]decyl group or derivative thereof(2-PA); R2 and R3 independently represent univalent radicals up to 20 atoms or jointly form a bivalent radical of up to 20 atoms; and Q1 and Q2 each independently represent phosphorous, arsenic or antimony. The process is carried out for the production of a 3-hydroxy propanoate ester or acid of formula (II) CH2 (OH)CH2 C(O) OR28.The process may also be carried out for the production of a lactate ester or acid of formula (III).

Abstract: A method of contact catalytic reaction by introducing a gas and a liquid into a lower part of a reaction zone comprising a liquid phase and a catalyst-packed bed held therein, where the catalyst-packed bed is a fixed bed.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid ester is produced by esterification of carboxylic acid and an alcohol in a catalytic reaction zone of a first column at a pressure not greater than ambient pressure. The resultant sump product is distilled in a reaction zone of a second column at a pressure greater than 1.5 bar to obtain a second liquid sump product containing carboxylic acid ester with an carboxylic acid content of less than 100 ppm by weight at a lower end of the column. Neutralization of the second liquid sump product with a base is not required.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a fuel oil (diesel fuel or heating oil) composition which is a mixture of an alkanol tranesterified fatty acid ester triglyceride and an acetal of glycerol is described. The process preferably provides a prestep of the formation of at least some of the alkanol transesterified triglyceride containing the glycerol for use in the formation of the acetal of glycerol. The composition can also be formed from a reaction of 1,1-dimethoxy- or 1,1-diethoxyethane and glycerol to form the acetal in the alkanol transesterified triglyceride.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), in which R1 is C1-C4alkyl, C6-C10aryi or C7-C11, aralkyl, R2 is an open-chain or cyclic secondary amino group, and R is a radical of the formula in which R3 is C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, and R4 is H, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, are ligands for metal complexes as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts for prochiral organic compounds containing double bonds, by means of which a very high activity and productivity and also enantioselectivity can be achieved

Abstract: Process for producing an alkyl carboxylate, comprising contacting in an oxidation reaction zone a C2 to C4 alkane, a molecular oxygen-containing gas, the corresponding alkene and optionally water, in the presence of at least one catalyst active for the oxidation of the alkane to the corresponding alkene and carboxylic acid, to produce a first product stream comprising alkene, unreacted alkane, carboxylic acid and water; separating in a first separation means at least a portion of the product stream produced in the oxidation reaction zone into a gaseous stream comprising alkene and unreacted alkane and a liquid stream comprising carboxylic acid and water; and separating by chemical treatment at least a portion of the gaseous stream obtained from the first separation means into respective streams rich in alkene and alkane; wherein the chemical treatment comprises the steps of: (1) contacting the alkene/alkane gaseous stream with a solution of a metal salt capable of selectively chemically absorbing the alkene t

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use, for dyeing keratin fibres, of at least one specific compound containing active methylene and of at least one compound chosen from an aldehyde, a ketone, a quinone and a diiminoisoindoline or 3-aminoisoindolone derivative, which makes it possible to obtain, by reaction without an oxidizing agent, a coloration of the said keratin fibres.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of perfumery, and more precisely to a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 represents an C2 to C4 unsaturated hydrocarbon radical. The present invention concerns also the use of said compound in the perfumery industry as well as the compositions or articles associated with said compound.

Abstract: 1.

Abstract: A method of thioacetate deprotection by providing a compound of the formula R1—S—CO—R2, and reacting the compound with a quaternary ammonium cyanide salt in the presence of a protic solvent in an inert atmosphere to convert the compound to a product of the formula R1—SH. R1 is an organic group in which the bonding to sulfur is through a saturated carbon, and R2 is an aliphatic group.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the production of butylacetate by esterification of acetic acid with butanol in the presence of a solid acidic catalyst in which distillatory separation of components runs simultaneously with esterification. Thus, acetic acid and butanol are introduced in defined amounts and in the molar ratio 1:1 to 1:10 into a system, in which the reaction and the distillatory separation proceeds in three zones. The reaction together with distillatory separation of the components with different boiling points run in the reaction zone, while only distillation takes place in lower and upper separation zones. A volatile mixture is separated in the upper separation zone, from which, after being cooled at 5 to 80° C., water and organic phases are separated, the latest being refluxed into the system. The ratio of the feed amount to the organic phase reflux amount is 1:1 to 1:20, the reflux amount representing 60 to 100% of the whole amount of the organic phase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to using methyl acetate from a vinyl acetate-based or a vinyl-or ethylene-alcohol based polymer or copolymer process directly for use in a methanol carbonylation production process to produce acetic acid, acetic anhydride, or a coproduction of each. Methyl acetate is a by-product of commercial polyvinyl-alcohol or alkene vinyl alcohol copolymer-based processes. Generally, this material is processed to recover methanol and acetic acid. Discussed herein is a cost-saving scheme to by-pass the methyl acetate processing at production or plant facilities and utilize the methyl acetate in an integrated methanol carbonylation unit. The scheme discussed eliminates an expensive hydrolysis step often associated with the polymer process.

Abstract: A catalyst for ester production which comprises zirconium oxide, copper, and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon oxide, and is obtainable by reducing with hydrogen a catalyst precursor prepared by the reaction of a salt containing at least one of metals constituting the oxides, a zirconium salt and a copper salt with an alkali hydroxide; and a process for producing an ester which comprises bringing either an alcohol or an alcohol and an aldehyde into contact with this catalyst in a gas phase.