Abstract: A process for the preparation of fibrates of formula I 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) The compounds are useful in the treatment and/or prevention of conditions mediated by nuclear receptors, in particular the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR).

Abstract: Phenoxyacetic acid derivatives of the formula: wherein R1, R2, Xn and A are as defined herein, and a process for preparing the derivatives. The derivatives are used as herbicides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of derivatives of halo-but-2-enoic acids and esters high in 2-ene content, several of which are novel. The esters and their derivatives are useful as promoters for the polymerization of ethylene or the copolymerization of ethylene with &agr;-olefins and, optionally, nonconjugated polyenes. The promoters can also be combined with transition metal compounds, e.g., vanadium, to form combination promoter-catalyst compounds.

Abstract: A fluorine-substituted compound of the following general formula (1) or (2), and a ferrielectric liquid crystal composition comprising the above compound and a specific ferrielectric liquid crystal compound, wherein, in the formula (1), each of X1 and X2 is a hydrogen atom, or one of them is a hydrogen atom and the other is a fluorine atom, p is an integer of 0 to 3 and q is an integer of 1 to 3, and in the formula (2), each of X1 and x2 is a hydrogen atom, or one of them is a hydrogen atom and the other is a fluorine atom, p is an integer of 1 to 3 and q is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: There is described a four step process for the production of halogeno-o-hydroxydiphenyl compounds having the formula in which X is —O—or —CH2—; m is 1 to 3; and n is 1 or 2; wherein in the first step, a diphenyl compound is chlorinated; in a second step the chlorinated compound is acylated in a Friedel-Crafts reaction and optionally again chlorinated after the acylation; in a third step the acyl compound is oxidised; and in a fourth step the oxidized compound is hydrolyzed. The compounds of formula (1) are useful for the protection of organic materials against microorganisms.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of citalopram comprising the steps of reacting a compound of Formula (IV) wherein R1 is C1-6 alkyl and X is O or NH, successively with a Grignard reagent of 4-halogen-fluorophenyl and a Grignard reagent of 3-halogen-N,N-dimethylpropylamine, respectively, effecting ring-closure of the resulting compound of Formula (V) wherein R1 and X are as defined above, and converting the resulting 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran compound to the corresponding 5-cyano derivative, i.e. citalopram.

Abstract: Disclosed are (a) liquid crystalline compounds which are essential as component of the liquid crystal compositions, are excellent in miscibility with other liquid crystal compositions, particularly in the miscibility at low temperatures, and expressed by the general formula (1) wherein R0 and R1 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ring A0, ring A1, ring A2, and ring A3 represent 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-phenylene group in which one or more hydrogen atoms on the ring may be represented by a halogen atom or R2O group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group; Z0, Z1, Z2, and Z3 represent —CH2CH2—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —(CH2)4—, or single bond; Q1 and Q2 represent hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; Q3 represents hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or R2O g

Abstract: A novel tolan compound of the formula (I): wherein A is C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 alkoxy, cyclohexyl substituted by C1-10 alkyl at 4 position, cyclohexyl substituted by C1-10 alkoxy group at 4 position or a group of the formula: wherein Y is hydrogen or halogen and Z is C1-10 alkyl or halogen; B is a single bond or —CO—O— or —O—CO—; D is hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl, cyclohexyl substituted by C1-10 alkyl at 4 position; and Z represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. The tolan compound can increase the N-I point, decrease the viscosity, and increase the double refractive index of a liquid crystal composition without affecting the viscosity and threshold voltage Vth, and is mutually soluble with various other liquid crystal compounds, so that the compound can be used as a constituent of a liquid crystal composition in combination with these other liquid crystal materials to improve the properties of the composition.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a process for making compounds of Formula I or Ia useful in the treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of derivatives of halo-but-2-enoic acids and esters high in 2-ene content, several of which are novel. The esters and their derivatives are useful as promoters for the polymerization of ethylene or the copolymerization of ethylene with .alpha.-olefins and, optionally, nonconjugated polyenes. The promoters can also be combined with transition metal compounds, e.g., vanadium, to form combination promoter-catalyst compounds.

Abstract: A novel anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds of the formula (1), ##STR1## wherein R is a linear alkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, X is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, m is an integer of 1 to 3, n is an integer of 1 or 2, and C* is an asymmetric carbon atom.The above anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds have an anti-ferroelectric phase in a broad temperature range, so that they can be advantageously used as a main component for a liquid crystal material for practical use or as a component for a liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: Cyclobutane analogs of PGF.sub.2.alpha., PGD.sub.2, and PGE.sub.2 and methods of their use in treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluorocyclohexane derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3 and X are as defined as below:X is alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by --CN, --CF.sub.3 or --F, or is --CN, --F, --OCHF.sub.2, --OCF.sub.3, --OCHFCF.sub.3 or --OCF.sub.2 CF.sub.3,L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and L.sup.3 are each, independently of one another, H or F,R.sup.1 is H, an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1-12 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or substituted by halogen, where one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may also, in each case independently of one another, be replaced by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --.diamond.--, --CO--O--, --O--CO-- or --O--CO--O--,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --O--, --O--CH.sub.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing prostaglandin derivative of the formula (1) (or a salt thereof) and a medicine containing it, particularly, a preventive or therapeutic medicine for an eye disease: ##STR1## wherein A is a vinylene group or the like, R.sup.1 is an aryloxyalkyl group or the like, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen atoms or the like, and Z is OR.sup.4 (wherein OR.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group) or the like.

Abstract: A novel tolan compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A is C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.1-10 alkoxy, cyclohexyl substituted by C.sub.1-10 alkyl at 4 position, cyclohexyl substituted by C.sub.1-10 alkoxy group at 4 position or a group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein Y is hydrogen or halogen and Z is C.sub.1-10 alkyl or halogen; B is a single bond or --CO--O-- or --O--CO--; D is hydrogen, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, cyclohexyl substituted by C.sub.1-10 alkyl at 4 position; and Z represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. The tolan compound can increase the N-I point, decrease the viscosity, and increase the double refractive index of a liquid crystal composition without affecting the viscosity and threshold voltage Vth, and is mutually soluble with various other liquid crystal compounds, so that the compound can be used as a constituent of a liquid crystal composition in combination with these other liquid crystal materials to improve the properties of the composition.

Abstract: A support material for solid phase synthesis is provided having an amine-containing organic group attached to it through a linker.

Abstract: Novel compounds having the ability to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase enzyme and having the following formula I: ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Ar.sup.1 is a heterocyclic moiety which is selected from imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl and benzimidazolyl, which is bonded to X.sup.1 through a ring nitrogen atom, and which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino, and C.sub.1-4 alkyl; X.sup.1 is a direct bond or C.sub.1-4 alkylene; Ar.sup.2 is phenylene optionally substituted with halo, hydroxy, cyano, and amino X.sup.2 is --A--X-- or --X--A-- wherein A is a direct bond or C.sub.1-4 alkylene and X is oxy, thio, sulfinyl or sulfonyl; Ar.sup.3 is phenylene, pyridylene, thienylene, furylene, oxazolylene or thiazolylene optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, hydroxy, cyano, amino and C.sub.1-4 alkyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treating cancer, particularly malignant tumors, with thyroxine analogues having no significant hormonal activity. A thyroxine analogue is administered to an afflicted mammal in an amount effective to cause depression or regression of malignant tumor growth or to treat cancer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound of the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R is a linear alkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms,both X and Y are hydrogen atoms or one of X and Y is a fluorine atom and the other is a hydrogen atom,A is --CF.sub.3 or --C.sub.2 F.sub.5,m is an integer of 2 to 4,n is an integer of 2 to 4, andC* is an asymmetric carbon,having a ferrielectric phase in its phase sequence, or a ferrielectric liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound of the formula (1) having a ferrielectric phase, may be injected between substrates provided with nonlinear active elements, such as thin film transistors or diodes formed on each pixel, to form an active matrix liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dialkyl tetrahalophthalates. A tetrahalophthalic anhydride or acid is dissolved in excess C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkanols. Residual sulfuric acid is removed by treatment with magnesium acetate or multiple water washes. The mass is esterified with a tetraalkyl titanate, and residual acidic components are removed by treatment with magnesium silicate. These treatments improve processability, production cycle time, product color, clarity and purity.

Abstract: Novel pharmaceutically/cosmetically-active aromatic polyenic compounds have the structural formula (I): ##STR1## and are useful for the treatment of a wide variety of disease states, whether human or veterinary, for example dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular, bone and ophthalmological disorders, as well as for the treatment of mammalian skin and hair conditions/disorders.

Abstract: Inks, particularly inks for ink jet printing, contain at least one compound of the formula I ##STR1## as a stabilizer. The symbols R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.3 ' and R.sub.4 ' are as defined in claim 1. The compounds are in part novel and are suitable for use as light stabilizers for organic materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an-economically and ecologically advantageous process, which is easy to carry out, for the preparation of specific polyethylene glycol diesters of 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-propionic acid, and to the substance mixture obtainable by this process and the use thereof as a root penetration inhibitor in building materials and insulating compositions, such as, for example, bitumen.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and methods useful for measuring pH generally, and intracellular pH specifically, and, more particularly, to a new class of fluorescent and fluorinated (NMR sensitive) aromatic compounds having excitation emission wavelengths in the ultraviolet or or visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, useful as pH indicators, as well as fluorine containing analogs useful in NMR spectroscopic determinations.

Abstract: Novel anticholesteremic compounds capable of reducing blood cholesterol levels. Also included in this invention are (i) intermediates from which the abovementioned anticholesteremic compounds can be prepared, and (ii) methods for preparing both the intermediates and the anticholesteremic compounds.

Abstract: New substituted phenoxyisobutyric acids and esters that can be used as medicaments and correspond to the formula: ##STR1## wherein X, A, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and Z are as defined in the description.Those compounds and their physiologically tolerable salts can be used therapeutically.

Abstract: Substituted cyclohexane derivatives for the treatment of diseases Esters of cyclohexane derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which A--B, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, Y and Z have the meanings indicated, for use as inhibitors of the glucose-6-phosphatase system of the liver in mammals are described. The compounds are suitable for the production of pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: Alkylphenyl alkyl ethers or alkylphenyl alkyl thioethers, of the formula ##STR1## where U represents O or S; and R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 each independently represent an alkyl or aryl group with 1-6 C atoms, but R.sub.1 -R.sub.5 may each independently represent a functional group other than these, particularly --COOR (R=C.sub.1-4 alkyl), --NO.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, --O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --OH, --OH, --CHO, --H, or -halogen;R.sub.1 -R.sub.5 may be bridged by suitable bifunctional substituents, such as, e.g., --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --Z--(CH.sub.2).sub.y -- (where Z represents a hetero atom; x=0-7 and y=0-7), or by unsaturated substituents or anellated ring systems; may be produced in high space-time yield by reacting the corresponding phenol or thiophenol with a arylalkyl carbonate at a temperature of 70.degree.-300.degree. C. under elevated or normal pressure, in the presence of a monocyclic, bicyclic, polycyclic, or acyclic amidine as a catalyst.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline copolymer comprising the repeating units represented by the following general formulas ##STR1## wherein each of r and p is an integer of 2 to 5, q is an integer of 0 to 3, m is an integer of 1 to 20, and R.sup.1 is ##STR2## R.sup.2 being --COOR.sup.3, --OR.sup.3 or --OCOR.sup.3 R.sup.3, ##STR3## each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 being --CH.sub.3 or a halogen atom, each of a and d being an integer of 0 to 10, b being an integer of 0 or 1, with the proviso that d is not 0 when R.sup.5 is --CH.sub.3, the repeating units [I] and [II] being present in the liquid-crystalline copolymer in a substantial molar ratio [I]:[II] of 1:1, exhibits ferroelectricity even at a temperature neighboring room temperature and having a high response speed to changes of external electric fields.

Abstract: An antiferroelectric liquid crystal compound which is a compound represented by ##STR1## wherein R denotes a linear aliphatic alkyl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms; A denotes a single bond or an oxygen atom; X and Y independently denote a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom but they are not hydrogen atoms at the same time; h and i are independently 1 or 2; m is an integer of 3 to 10; Z denotes CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or CF.sub.3 ; k is 0 or an integer of 5 to 8; l is 0 or 1; n is an integer of 1 to 6; W denotes CH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3 ; when W is CH.sub.3, p and q are both 0 and r is 8; when W is CF.sub.3, p is 5 to 8, q is 1 and r is 1 to 4; and C* denotes an asymmetric carbon atom,and a liquid crystal display device using same.

Abstract: Disclosed are contrast agents of the formula ##STR1## contained in aqueous compositions and methods for their use in diagnostic radiology of the gastrointestinal tract whereinwhereinZ=H, halo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, lower alkoxy, cyano, where the alkyl and cycloalkyl groups can be substituted with halogen or halo-lower-alkyl groups;R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or halo-lower-alkyl, optionally substituted with halo, fluoro-lower-alkyl, aryl, lower-alkoxy, hydroxy, carboxy, lower-alkoxy carbonyl or lower-alkoxy-carbonyloxy, (CR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.p --(CR.sub.3 .dbd.CR.sub.4).sub.m Q, or (CR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.p --C.tbd.C--Q;R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently lower-alkyl, optionally substituted with halo;x is 1-3y is 1-4;n is 1-5;m is 1-15;p is 1-10; andQ is H, lower-alkyl, lower-alkenyl, lower-alkynyl, lower-alkylene, aryl, or aryl-lower alkylin an aqueous, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: A novel anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal of the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein: is an integer of 3 to 8,each of X and Y is independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom,Z is --CF.sub.3, --CH.sub.3 or --C.sub.2 H.sub.5,q is 0 or 5,m is 0 or 1,n is an integer of 2 to 8, andC* is an asymmetric carbon, provided that when m is 0, q is 0 and n is an integer of 4 to 8 and that when m is 1, q is 5 and z is --CF.sub.3,and use of tile above liquid crystal as a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: Derivatives of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol methyl-2-propionate, preparation method, and therapeutical compositions containing them. Such derivatives have general formula (I).

Abstract: A process for producing an enyne derivative, and intermediate, which is useful for preparing compounds showing strong inhibiting activities against squalane epoxidase of Eumycetes and strong anti-cholesterol activities. The process comprises reacting a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein W is a halogen atom, with an acetylene derivative, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, to obtain a compound of the formula: ##STR2## and, if necessary, N-alkylating this compound.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxytetrahydropyran-2-ones and the corresponding dihydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives, salts and esters, process for their preparation, their use as pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceutical preparations and precursors.Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## and the corresponding open-chain dihydroxycarboxylic acids of the formula II ##STR2## in which X, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have the meanings indicated, and also their pharmacologically tolerable salts with bases and their pharmacologically tolerable esters, processes for the preparation of these compounds, their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical preparations are described. In addition, compounds of the formula III ##STR3## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, X and Y have the meanings indicated are described.

Abstract: Phenoxyalkylcarboxylic acid derivatives represented by the following formula (I) ##STR1## having a strong and selective leukotriene antagonistic action and useful for prophylaxis and therapy of allergic diseases as asthma and processes of preparing the same.

Abstract: The invention concerns .alpha.,.alpha.-dialkylbenzyl derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 is phenyl or naphthyl, or a 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety containing one or two nitrogen heteroatoms and optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;A.sup.1 is a direct link to X.sup.1 or is (1-3C)alkylene;X.sup.1 is oxy, thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl;the phenylene group may optionally bear one or two substituents R.sup.3 ;each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, is (1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, fluoro-(1-4C)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, provided that both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not methyl or fluoromethyl; andQ is cyano, amino, nitro, formyl, (1-4C)alkoxy, thiazolyl or (2-4C)alkanoyl;or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof;processes for their manufacture; pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is (CH.sub.2).sub.n ((CHNR.sup.7 R.sup.8).sub.m C(O)R.sup.9 ; n=1-3; and m=0 or 1;R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are independently Cl, Br, I, or CH.sub.3 ;R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are independently H or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl;R.sup.9 is OH, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkoxy, or NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 ;R.sup.31 is H, Cl, Br, I, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, (C.sub.4 -C.sub.6)cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)haloalkyl, (C.sub.4 -C.sub.6)halocycloalkyl, or --CH(R.sup.10)Ar where Ar is selected from 5-hydroxypyrid-2-yl, 6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl, 6-hydroxypyridazin-3-yl, 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl, 6-hydroxypyridazin-3-yl N-oxide, and 6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl N-oxide and R.sup.10 is H or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl;R.sup.41 is OH or a bioprecursor thereof; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; are structural analogs of the thyroid hormones T.sub.3 and T.sub.4 and exhibit selective thyromimetic activity.

Abstract: An optically active compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, ##STR2## is a 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene group, ##STR3## is a 1,4-phenylene or 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, X is a mono-, di- or tri-fluoromethyl group, W is a straight or branched chain or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or a straight or branched chain alkenylene group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, Y is a bond or --COO--, and Z is a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a hydrogen atom, which is useful as a component of ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions or as a device utilizing said composition.

Abstract: The hydroxybenzoic acids, e.g., salicylic acid and parahydroxybenzoic acid, are esterified by reacting same with a halocarbon, advantageously a halogenated derivative of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, cyclo- or arylaliphatic hydrocarbon, in essentially homogeneous liquid phase and in the presence of a nonquaternizable tertiary amine.

Abstract: 2,3-difluorohydroquinone compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, in each case independently of one another, are alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms or alkenyl having 3 to 15 C atoms which are unsubstituted, monosubstituted by cyano or at least monosubstituted by fluorine or chlorine, it also being possible for one CH.sub.2 group in these radicals to be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO-- or --O--CO--O--,A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3, in each case independently of one another, are(a) trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, in which, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a substantially pure enantiomer of an aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is described. The process utilizes first an enantiomerically enriched mixture the of aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid obtained from kinetic resolution, diastereomeric crystallization or asymmetric synthesis processes. This enriched mixture is reacted with a base producing a salt that has the following properties:(1) has at least one eutectic point;(2) a composition that is not at the eutectic point; and(3) a eutectic composition that is closer to the racemic composition than is the eutectic composition of said aryl-substituted carboxylic acid.Substantially pure, enantiomeric salt is separated, leaving a mother liquor comprising the solvent and aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid enriched in the other enantiomer.

Abstract: A process for producing an enyne derivative, and intermediate, which is useful for preparing compounds showing strong inhibiting activities against squalane.epoxidase of Eumycetes and strong anti-cholesterol activities. The process comprises reacting a compound of the formula:Z--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--W [I]wherein W is a halogen atom, and Z is a leaving group, with an amine in the presence of a base, if necessary, to obtain a compound of the formula: ##STR1## then reacting an acetylene derivative to this compound in the presence of a palladium catalyst, to obtain a compound of the formula: ##STR2## and, if necessary, N-alkylating this compound.

Abstract: KS-506a, KS-506x and KS-506g having an activity to inhibit cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and KS-506m and KS-506h having an activity to inhibit histamine release are produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Mortierella.

Abstract: There is described a new process for the preparation of substituted 3-aminoacrylic esters of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X and n have the meaning given in the description.The 3-aminoacrylic esters of the formula (I) are obtained by reacting acetic esters of the formula (II)R.sup.1 --(X).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --COOR.sup.

Abstract: Novel acid-labile tris(alkoxy)benzyl ester handles for use in linking protected amino acid or peptides to a support during peptide synthesis are disclosed. Methods for producing the handles, for linking them to solid support resins and for using the resin-linked handles in peptide synthesis are disclosed.

Abstract: An improved process for the synthesis of esters of 3,5,6-trichlorosalicylic acid in quantitative yield comprises reacting the acid with an alcohol under distillation conditions in the presence of a titanium ester or chelate catalyst, whereby byproduct ether formation from the alcohol is suppressed. The process is especially applicable to a process by which salicylic acid is chlorinated first in concentrated sulfuric acid and then with iodine catalyst to make the trichlorosalicylic acid which is extracted and then reacted with an alcohol and a titanium catalyst to make the ester.

Abstract: Novel pharmaceutically/cosmetically-active aromatic polyenic compounds have the structural formula (I): and are useful for the treatment of a wide variety of disease states, whether human or veterinary, for example dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular, bone and ophthalmological disorders, as well as for the treatment of mammalian skin and hair conditions/disorders.

Abstract: The subject application discloses a chiral nonracemic composition of the general formula:R.sub.1 --Ar--O--CH.sub.2 --C*HX--C*HY--CH.sub.2 --O--R.sub.2wherein R.sub.1 is an achiral tail of two to sixteen carbons; Ar is an achiral FLC core of at least two rings; * denotes a chiral carbon; X and Y are halogens; and R.sub.2 is one to ten carbon atoms. The --O--CH.sub.2 --C*HX--C*HY--CH.sub.2 --O-- segment comprises the chiral proximal segment of the chiral tail; the proximal segment is selected from the enantiomers 2R,3R-dihalo and 2S,3S-dihalo. R.sub.2 is the distal segment of the chiral tail.