Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering formic acid from a formate ester of a C3 to C4 alcohol. Disclosed is also a process for producing formic acid by carbonylating a C3 to C4 alcohol, hydrolyzing the formate ester of the alcohol, and recovering a formic acid product. The alcohol may be dried and returned to the reactor. The process enables a more energy efficient production of formic acid than the carbonylation of methanol to produce methyl formate.

Abstract: Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which, in step (a), a liquid stream comprising formic acid, methanol, water and tertiary amine (I) is produced by combining methyl formate, water and tertiary amine (I), from there in step (b), methanol is separated off and in step (c), formic acid is removed by distillation from the liquid stream obtained in a distillation apparatus, wherein, when methyl formate, water and tertiary amine (I) are combined, methyl formate, water and optionally tertiary amine (I) are first introduced in step (a1) in a molar ratio of 0?n(amine to a1)/n(mefo to a1)?0.1, and from 70 to 100% of the hydrolysis equilibrium possible is set and then, in step (a2), tertiary amine (I) is introduced in a molar ratio of 0.1?n(amine to a2)/n(mefo to a1)?2, and the mixture is reacted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing formic acid in a catalyzed chemical reaction from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas, said reaction being conducted in an acidic medium comprising a polar solvent over a wide range of temperatures at total gas pressure of hydrogen and carbon dioxide up to 250 bar without the addition of base, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate or formate. The method of the present invention is advantageous since the reaction may be conducted in a polar solvent such as water or DMSO.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of an alcohol to an olefin is disclosed. The process may include: contacting at least one C2 to C5 alcohol with an organic acid in the presence of an esterification catalyst to convert at least a portion of the at least one C2 to C5 alcohol and the organic acid to an ester; at least one of catalytically and thermally degrading the ester to form an organic acid and an olefin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing formic acid from CO2 and extracting the formic acid using compressed CO2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for converting carbon dioxide or bicarbonates into formic acid derivatives, i.e. formate salts, formate esters, and formamides, using molecular hydrogen and a catalytic system comprising a cobalt complex of cobalt salt and at least one tripodal, tetradentate ligand. The catalyst complex can be used as a homogeneous catalyst. The invention further relates to the cobalt complexes per se.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing and using a solid sodium diformate having a high formic acid content, to the use thereof in animal foods in the form of an acidifier, preservatives, ensilage auxiliary agents, fertilizers, and a growth and productivity-stimulating agent and the inventive animal food additives containing sodium diformate.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided for reacting a starting material in at least two reactors connected to each other, including the reacting of the starting material in a first reactor to a first product, removing the first product from the first reactor using a jet pump, wherein a negative pressure zone of the jet pump is operationally connected to the first reactor, so that the first product of the first reactor moves through the negative pressure zone in a propulsion jet of a propulsion medium of the jet pump, conducting the propulsion medium having the first product into a second reactor, wherein the first product is allowed to react into a second product, separating the second product from the propulsion medium and discharging the separated second product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing formic acid by reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen in a hydrogenation reactor in the presence of a transition metal complex as a catalyst comprising at least one element from group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table and at least one phosphine ligand with at least one organic radical having at least 13 carbon atoms, of a tertiary amine and of a polar solvent to form a formic acid-amine, adduct, which is subsequently dissociated thermally to formic acid and the corresponding tertiary amine. on unit.

Abstract: Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I) in a molar ratio of from 0.5 to 5 is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source, from 10 to 100% by weight of the secondary components present therein are separated off and formic acid is removed by distillation in a distillation apparatus at a bottom temperature of from 100 to 300° C. and a pressure of from 30 to 3000 hPa abs from the liquid stream obtained, the bottom discharge from the distillation apparatus being separated into two liquid phases and the upper liquid phase being recycled to the formic acid source and the lower liquid phase being recycled for separating off the secondary components and/or to the distillation apparatus.

Abstract: Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid and tertiary amine (I) is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source, secondary components comprised therein are separated off, formic acid is removed by distillation from the resulting liquid stream in a distillation apparatus, where the bottom output from the distillation apparatus is separated into two liquid phases, and the upper liquid phase is recirculated to the formic acid source and the lower liquid phase is recirculated to the separation of the secondary components and/or to the distillation apparatus, wherein low boilers are removed by distillation from the upper liquid phase and recirculated to the depleted stream.

Abstract: A process for preparing formic acid by reaction of carbon dioxide (1) with hydrogen (2) in a hydrogenation reactor (I) in the presence of a catalyst comprising an element of group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table, a tertiary amine comprising at least 12 carbon atoms per molecule and a polar solvent comprising one or more monoalcohols selected from among methanol, ethanol, propanols and butanols, to form formic acid/amine adducts as intermediates which are subsequently thermally dissociated, where the work-up of the output (3) from the hydrogenation reactor (I) is carried out by addition of water so as to increase the distribution coefficient of the catalyst between the upper phase (4) and the lower phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ligand that may be used to create a catalyst including a coordination complex is formed by the addition of two metals; Cp, Cp* or an unsubstituted or substituted ?-arene; and two coordinating solvent species or solvent molecules. The bimetallic catalyst may be used in the hydrogenation of CO2 to form formic acid and/or salts thereof, and in the dehydrogenation of formic acid and/or salts thereof to form H2 and CO2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for separation and recovery of at least one carboxylic acid and furfural from a dilute aqueous mixture thereof. In the method of the present invention a dilute aqueous mixture comprising at least one carboxylic acid and furfural is extracted with methyltetrahydrofurane, and at least one carboxylic acid and furfural are recovered. The arrangement of the present invention comprises an extraction unit 302 for carrying out extraction of at least one carboxylic acid and furfural from dilute aqueous mixture with methyltetrahydrofuran, connected to distillation unit 307 for carrying out distillation of the extract 305 from the extraction unit 302, and connected to acids distillation unit 320 for carrying out distillation of the bottom stream 308 from the distillation unit 307 to separate at least one carboxylic acid and furfural.

Abstract: Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid, tertiary amine (I) and water is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source in the presence of water, water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) are removed and formic acid is removed by distillation from the resulting liquid stream in a distillation apparatus, wherein the stream comprising water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) which have been separated off is separated into two liquid phases, the upper liquid phase is removed and the lower, water-comprising liquid phase is recirculated to the formic acid source.

Abstract: An object of the present invention relates to a porous metal organic framework comprising at least one first organic compound and ions of at least one metal, with the skeleton of the framework being formed at least partly by the at least one first organic compound coordinating at least partly in a bidentate fashion to at least two ions of the at least one metal, where the at least one metal is lithium and the at least one first compound is derived from formic acid or acetic acid. Also provided a process for preparing the porous metal organic framework and its use for gas storage or separation.

Abstract: A process for preparing formic acid by reaction of carbon dioxide (1) with hydrogen (2) in a hydrogenation reactor (I) in the presence of a catalyst comprising an element of group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table, a tertiary amine comprising at least 12 carbon atoms per molecule and a polar solvent comprising one or more monoalcohols selected from among methanol, ethanol, propanols and butanols and also water, to form formic acid/amine adducts as intermediates which are subsequently thermally dissociated, with work-up of the output (3) from the hydrogenation reactor (I) in a plurality of process steps, where a tertiary amine-comprising stream (13) from the work-up is used as selective solvent for the catalyst, is proposed.

Abstract: Processes for producing formic acid from a carbohydrate-containing material include hydrolyzing a carbohydrate-containing material (e.g., cellulose) in the presence of a mineral acid to form an intermediate hydrolysate comprising one or more sugars, and hydrolyzing the intermediate hydrolysate to form a hydrolysate product including formic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for catalytically producing formic acid. A polyoxometallate ion, which is used as a catalyst, of the general formula [PMoxVyO40]5? is brought into contact with an alpha-hydroxyaldehyde, an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid, a carbohydrate, or a glycoside in a liquid solution at a temperature below 120° C., wherein 6<x<11, 1<y<6, x+y=12, and x and y are each a whole number.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemically functionalized submicron graphitic fibril having a diameter or thickness less than 1 ?m, wherein the fibril is free of continuous thermal carbon overcoat, free of continuous hollow core, and free of catalyst. The fibril is obtained by splitting a micron-scaled carbon fiber or graphite fiber along the fiber axis direction. These functionalized graphitic fibrils exhibit exceptionally high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high elastic modulus, high strength and good interfacial bonding with a matrix resin in a composite. The present invention also provides several products that contain submicron graphitic fibrils: (a) paper, thin-film, mat, and web products; (b) rubber or tire products; (c) energy conversion or storage devices, such as fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors; (d) adhesives, inks, coatings, paints, lubricants, and grease products; (e) heavy metal ion scavenger; (f) absorbent (e.g.

Abstract: A process for preparing formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in the presence of a tertiary amine (I) and a catalyst at a pressure of from 0.2 to 30 MPa abs and a temperature of from 20 to 200° C., wherein the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising gold.

Abstract: Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which, in step (a), a liquid stream comprising formic acid, methanol, water and tertiary amine (I) is produced by combining methyl formate, water and tertiary amine (I), from there in step (b), methanol is separated off and in step (c), formic acid is removed by distillation from the liquid stream obtained in a distillation apparatus, wherein, when methyl formate, water and tertiary amine (I) are combined, methyl formate, water and optionally tertiary amine (I) are first introduced in step (a1) in a molar ratio of 0?n(amine to a1)/n(mefo to a1)?0.1, and from 70 to 100% of the hydrolysis equilibrium possible is set and then, in step (a2), tertiary amine (I) is introduced in a molar ratio of 0.1?n(amine to a2)/n(mefo to a1)?2, and the mixture is reacted.

Abstract: A formic acid producing apparatus comprising a closed formic acid synthesis reaction section to which an ionic liquid, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide are introduced externally, and in which formic acid is synthesized.

Abstract: A method of forming methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid and ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate includes the steps of providing ammonium hydroxide and producing air bubbles within the ammonium hydroxide to form a solution. Sodium borohydride is added and dissolved within the solution of air bubbled ammonium hydroxide to form methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid and ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate. An alternative method of forming methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid and ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate is also provided which includes the steps of providing ammonium hydroxide and dissolving sodium borohydride therein to form a solution. Sodium bicarbonate is added to the solution of ammonium hydroxide and sodium borohydride to form methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid and ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate.

Abstract: A method of converting an inactive biocide into an active biocide comprises: contacting the inactive biocide with an activating agent, wherein the activating agent is capable of chemically reacting with the inactive biocide; and causing or allowing a chemical reaction to take place between the inactive biocide and the activating agent, wherein the chemical reaction produces the active biocide. The methods can also include deactivating the active biocide via a chemical reaction between the active biocide and a deactivating agent.

Abstract: Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid and tertiary amine (I) is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source, secondary components comprised therein are separated off, formic acid is removed by distillation from the resulting liquid stream in a distillation apparatus, where the bottom output from the distillation apparatus is separated into two liquid phases, and the upper liquid phase is recirculated to the formic acid source and the lower liquid phase is recirculated to the separation of the secondary components and/or to the distillation apparatus, wherein low boilers are removed by distillation from the upper liquid phase and recirculated to the depleted stream.

Abstract: A process for converting carbon dioxide to liquid fuels for a liquid fuel composition and/or a platform chemical composition. In this conversion process carbon dioxide is adsorbed to a catalyst composition, and reacted with hydrogen to form oxygenated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen for use in the process can be generated in situ or ex situ. The process can be carried out in a fully carbon neutral manner.

Abstract: A process for preparing formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in the presence of a tertiary amine (I), a diamine (II), a polar solvent and a catalyst comprising gold at a pressure of from 0.2 to 30 MPa abs and a temperature of from 0 to 200° C., wherein the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising gold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for recovery of at least one organic acid from a dilute aqueous solution thereof. In this method a complex between said organic acid and an extractant is formed by contacting the solution with a reactive extractant and dissolving the formed complex into said extractant thus forming an extractant phase. The organic acid is removed from the formed complex by esterification using an alcohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing formic acid from CO2 and extracting the formic acid using compressed CO2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing and using a solid sodium diformate having a high formic acid content, to the use thereof in animal foods in the form of an acidifier, preservatives, ensilage auxiliary agents, fertilizers, and a growth and productivity-stimulating agent and the inventive animal food additives containing sodium diformate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the recovery of concentrated high purity formic acid having a concentration of at least 50%, most preferably at least 95%, from biomass wherein an aqueous liquid mixture containing levulinic acid and possibly furfural is subjected to a liquid-liquid extraction step, followed by the recovery of furfural, formic acid and levulinic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing and using a solid sodium diformate having a high formic acid content, to the use thereof in animal foods in the form of an acidifier, preservatives, ensilage auxiliary agents, fertilizers, and a growth and productivity-stimulating agent and the inventive animal food additives containing sodium diformate.

Abstract: Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid, tertiary amine (I) and water is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source in the presence of water, water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) are removed and formic acid is removed by distillation from the resulting liquid stream in a distillation apparatus, wherein the stream comprising water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) which have been separated off is separated into two liquid phases, the upper liquid phase is removed and the lower, water-comprising liquid phase is recirculated to the formic acid source.

Abstract: Processes for the recovery of formate salt from biomass and the product obtained thereof generally include subjecting an aqueous liquid mixture containing levulinic acid, formic acid and possibly furfural to a liquid-liquid extraction process, followed by the recovery of the furfural, the formate salt and the levulinic acid or the levulinate salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing formic acid by reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen in a hydrogenation reactor in the presence of a transition metal complex as a catalyst comprising at least one element from group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table and at least one phosphine ligand with at least one organic radical having at least 13 carbon atoms, of a tertiary amine and of a polar solvent to form a formic acid-amine, adduct, which is subsequently dissociated thermally to formic acid and the corresponding tertiary amine. on unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a magnesium formate-based porous metal-organic framework, which comprises the steps (a) addition of magnesium or magnesium oxide to formic acid; (b) stirring of the reaction mixture at at least 75° C.; (c) isolation of the solid from the resulting suspension by filtration.

Abstract: Process for preparing formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising an element of group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table, a tertiary amine and a polar solvent at a pressure of from 0.2 to 30 MPa abs and a temperature of from 20 to 200° C. to form two liquid phases, separation of the two liquid phases, wherein the liquid phase (B) enriched with the tertiary amine is recirculated to the hydrogenation reactor and the formic acid/amine adduct from the liquid phase (A) enriched with the formic acid/amine adduct and the polar solvent is thermally dissociated into free formic acid and free tertiary amine in a distillation unit and the tertiary amine liberated in the dissociation and the polar solvent are recirculated to the hydrogenation reactor.

Abstract: A method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin from bioglycerin of recycled oil, grease, and/or fat origin is described herein. A method of purification of bioglycerin of recycled oil, grease, and/or fat origin is also described herein. The method of purification of bioglycerin of recycled oil, grease, and/or fat origin described provides methods for desalinating, decolorizing, and/or concentrating bioglycerin of recycled oil, grease, and/or fat origin for the production of biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing formic acid by reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen in a hydrogenation reactor in the presence of a catalyst comprising an element of group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table, a tertiary amine and a polar solvent to form formic acid-amine adducts which are subsequently dissociated thermally into formic acid and tertiary amine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing coal, asphalt, liquid hydrocarbon, organic acids, methane gas and/or hydrogen from a waste material comprising: a) providing a waste material; b) subjecting the waste material to irradiation with low frequency macro waves, with a wavelength of between 700 nm and 1 mm, whereby the temperature is between 2050 C and 9000 C and the pressure is between 1.0 bar and 19.0 bar, thereby producing coal; c) optionally subjecting the residual materials in gaseous state from step b) to a physicochemical reaction in the presence of a solid metal identified as DPP B102, whereby the temperature is between 1800 C and 5000 C and the pressure is between 0.98 bar and 5.5 bar, thereby producing asphalt; d) optionally subjecting the residual materials in gaseous state from step b) or c) to a physicochemical reaction and/or condensation, whereby the temperature is between 1500 C and 7500 C and the pressure is between 0.

Abstract: A method of forming methanol formaldehyde, formic acid and ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate includes the steps of providing ammonium hydroxide and producing air bubbles within the ammonium hydroxide to form a solution. Sodium borohydride is added and dissolved within the solution of air bubbled ammonium hydroxide to form methanol formaldehyde, formic acid and ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate. An alternative method of forming methanol formaldehyde, formic acid and ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate is also provided which includes the steps of providing ammonium hydroxide and dissolving sodium borohydride therein to form a solution. Sodium bicarbonate is added to the solution of ammonium hydroxide and sodium borohydride to form methanol formaldehyde, formic acid and ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate.

Abstract: Catalyst mixtures include at least one Catalytically Active Element and, as a separate constituent, one Helper Catalyst. The catalysts can be used to increase the rate, modify the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts are useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO2. Chemical processes employing these catalysts produce CO, OH?, HCO?, H2CO, (HCO2)?, H2CO2, CH3OH, CH4, C2H4, CH3CH2OH, CH3COO?, CH3COOH, C2H6, O2, H2, (COOH)2, or (COO?)2. Devices using the catalysts include, for example, a CO2 sensor.

Abstract: A monitoring test for recurrent breast cancer with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity is provided that detects the presence of a panel of multiplicity of biomarkers that were identified using metabolite profiling methods. The test is capable of detecting breast cancer recurrence about a years earlier than current available monitoring diagnostic tests. The panel of biomarkers is identified using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and two dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) to produce the metabolite profiles of serum samples. The NMR and GC×GC-MS data are analyzed by multivariate statistical methods to compare identified metabolite signals between samples from patients with recurrence of breast cancer and those from patients having no evidence of disease.

Abstract: A process for preparing formic acid by reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen in a hydrogenation reactor in the presence of a catalyst comprising an element of group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table, a tertiary amine and a polar solvent to form formic acid-amine adducts which are subsequently dissociated thermally into formic acid and tertiary amine.

Abstract: A process for preparing formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in the presence of a tertiary amine (I) and a catalyst at a pressure of from 0.2 to 30 MPa abs and a temperature of from 20 to 200° C., wherein the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising gold.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a disinfectant or antimicrobial composition for use in dental treatment, such as treatment and/or prevention of periodontitis, gingivitis or other forms of oral infection. The present Inventor found that microorganisms that infect the dental tissues and cause inflammation thereof, are susceptible to osmotic stress, to such extent that the application of a hypertonic composition is effective in curing or preventing infection and/or inflammations. It was furthermore found that these microorganisms are also susceptible to acidic stress. The present invention therefore provides compositions that induce osmotic stress in microorganisms causing infection of dental tissue when topically applied thereto, preferably osmotic as well as acidic stress. The present invention also concerns the methods and uses involving the compositions of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a mononuclear metal complex that has high catalytic activity and can be used as a hydrogenation reduction catalyst that allows efficient hydrogenation reduction of a substance to be reduced; a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof; or a salt thereof. Provided is the mononuclear metal complex represented by the following formula (1), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof; or a salt thereof. In the formula (1), Ar1 is an aromatic anionic ligand or an aromatic ligand, or is not present, Ar2 is a ligand having aromaticity and may or may not be substituted, and when Ar2 is substituted, the number of substituents may be one or more, M is an atom or ion of a transition metal, A1 and A2 are both carbon atoms, or one of A1 and A2 is a carbon atom and the other is a nitrogen atom, Y is an anionic group or a cationic group, or is not present, L is any ligand or is not present, and m is a positive integer, 0, or a negative integer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing and using a solid sodium diformate having a high formic acid content, to the use thereof in animal foods in the form of an acidifier, preservatives, ensilage auxiliary agents, fertilizers, and a growth and productivity-stimulating agent and the inventive animal food additives containing sodium diformate.

Abstract: A method for adsorbing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from organic matter comprises adsorbing the VOCs onto palladium doped ZSM-5, optionally at ambient temperature. The organic matter can be perishable organic goods such as food, including fruit and/or vegetables, horticultural produce, including plants and/or cut flowers, or refuse. The palladium doped ZSM-5 has a Si:Al ratio of less than or equal to 100:1 and preferably has a palladium content of from 0.1 wt % to 10.0 wt % based on the total weight of the doped ZSM-5.