Abstract: Quaternary (e.g., tetraalkylammonium and tetraalkylphosphonium) salts containing non-halide anions are prepared by performing an anion exchange reaction by liquid-liquid extraction with a chlorinated solvent of a mixture of an aqueous solution an alkali metal salt of the anion and a corresponding quaternary halide.

Abstract: A method for the detoxification of a mustard gas by reaction with a bis-tertiary diamine resulting in quaternary ammonium ionene polymers. Sulfur-containing quaternary ammonium ionene polymers which are useful as microbicides for controlling the growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems and on surfaces, as well as for inhibiting slime formation in aqueous systems and biocidal compositions contain effective amounts of the sulfur-containing quaternary ammonium ionene polymers.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of quaternary ammonium compounds, by preparing a mixture of a tertiary amine and a liquid reaction vehicle and adding an alkyl halide to the mixture to produce a quaternary ammonium halide, the liquid reaction medium being a liquid, low volatility, substantially non-toxic diluent having a vapor pressure not greater than about 1 mm. Hg at a temperature of 25.degree. C. and preferably being a fatty acid or a fatty acid mono-, di-, or triglyceride, a mineral oil, or 2-ethylhexanol wherein the alkyl groups comprising the fatty acids or the triglycerides have from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, the quaternary ammonium compounds being particularly suited for uses such as deinking of paper in conjunction with appropriate clays, surfactants, flotation agents, anti-static agents and biocides.

Abstract: Improve surfactant recovery upon ultrafiltration of a surfactant-containing aqueous solution can be obtained using an amphoteric surfactant as the surfactant.

Abstract: Described are novel fluoride ion-releasing acrylic or methacrylic acid-based monomers, fluoride ion-releasing dental resin materials prepared from the monomers, and processes for preparing the monomers and dental resin materials. The monomers of the invention are prepared in good yield from readily available starting materials. Dental resin materials of the invention exhibit excellent sustained fluoride ion release.

Abstract: A method of producing a choline having a high purity without containing by-products by using a molecule-inclusion complex of the choline as a starting material. A choline inclusion complex without containing by-products is obtained by reacting an aqueous solution of the choline containing, as by-products, those cholines to which are added ethylene oxides with host molecules such as of 1,1'-bis-.beta.-naphthol, and is further reacted with a carbon dioxide gas in order to obtain an aqueous solution of a choline carbonate and/or a choline bicarbonate of a high purity, which is then subjected to the electrolysis using a cation-exchange membrane as a diaphragm, in order to obtain an aqueous solution of the choline of a high purity without containing by-products. The choline that is obtained is a strongly basic compound having a high purity and is very useful as a photoresist-developing solution.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium halide is prepared by reacting a substituted or unsubstituted haloalkane with a tert-amine in a mol ratio not higher than 1.1/1 in the absence of a solvent and at a temperature such as to maintain the reaction mixture liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dryer-activated fabric softening compositions and articles, having improved antistatic and/or softening effects, for use in an automatic clothes dryer, especially those comprising, as essential ingredients: (A) fabric softener consisting essentially of: (1) from about 5% to about 95% of preferably biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds of Formulas I, II, III, and mixtures thereof; (2) from 0% to about 95% highly ethoxylated and/or propoxylated, preferably at least 5 ethylene oxide (EO) and/or propylene oxide (PO) groups per molecule, sugar derivative containing at least one long hydrophobic moiety per molecule; and (3) from 0% to about 95% of carboxylic acid salt of tertiary amine; and (B) from about 1% to about 15%, unsaturated fatty acid having an IV of from about 3 to about 60. The amount of (A) present is at least sufficient to provide softening and/or antistatic effects.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium compound solution comprising from about 50% to about 80% of a quaternary ammonium compound and from about 20% to about 50% of a solvent. The solvent being from about 25% to about 100% of alkylene glycol with the remainder being water. The method of making quaternary ammonium compounds comprises reacting methyl chloride and/or benzyl chloride and dialkylmethylamine and/or alkyldimethylamine in an alkylene glycol to completion and diluting the same with sufficient water to a solution in which the alkylene glycol is from about 25% to about 100% of the solvent component of the total solution and the quaternary ammonium compound is from about 50% weight to about 80% weight of the quaternary ammonium compound solution.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for preparing an ambient temperature molten salt, which comprises treating an ambient temperature molten salt consisting essentially of 20 to 50 mole % of an aluminum halide and 80 to 50 mole % of an onium halide, containing oxygen-containing impurities originating from water with thionyl chloride anda process for preparing an ambient temperature molten salt for effecting aluminum electroplating, which comprises treating mixed ambient temperature molten salts consisting essentially of 30 to 50 mole % of an aluminum halide and 70 to 50 mole % of an onium halide, containing oxygen-containing impurities originating from water with thionyl chloride, and then adding aluminum halide to the molten salt to prepare an ambient temperature molten salt composition consisting essentially of 50 to 80 mole % of an aluminum halide and 50 to 20 mole % of an onium halide.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium carbonates having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group have been synthesized.These compounds and compositions further comprising the corresponding quaternary ammonium bicarbonate ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or a different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is the same or a different C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and/or the corresponding quaternary ammonium metal carbonate ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or a different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group; R.sup.2 is the same or a different C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and M is a non-coupler metal, are prepared by reacting two reactants, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl quaternary ammonium chloride and a metal hydroxide, in a solvent comprising a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 normal alcohol.

Abstract: A method of preparing a fabric softening material which comprises a quaternary ammonium material and at least one C.sub.8-28 alkyl or alkenyl group connected to the molecule via an ester linkage. The process comprises the step of reacting a base material with an alkyl or alkenyl group continuing material, such that at least one alkyl or alkenyl group is connected to the base material via an ester linkage. The reaction between the base material and the alkyl or alkenyl group containing material is carried out in the presence of more than 10 mole percentage excess of the alkyl or alkenyl group containing material to the base material. The excess material being effective to lower the pour point of the softener material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing quaternary ammonium compounds wherein a reaction mixtures containing only the corresponding unquaternized amine compound and the quaternizing agent are reacted together under conditions such that no unreacted quaternizing agent remains in the fully quaternized product. The reaction is carried out initially free of solvents. Minimal amounts of solvent that may be introduced near the end of the quaternization to maintain adequate fluidity of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for a high temperature, solvent free quaternization of certain tertiary amines using dimethylsulfate to produce quaternary ammonium methyl sulfates which may be used in fabric softening and other applications, is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing halohydroxypropyltrialkylammonium halides by reacting, in a reaction mixture, a trialkylamine hydrohalide and the corresponding free amine with an epihalohydrin, wherein the free trialkylamine is present in an amount corresponding to from about 1 to about 10 mole percent of the combination of free amine and amine hydrohalide and wherein the epihalohydrin is admixed and allowed to react for a first period of time with the free amine and hydrohalide salt at a first temperature less than a second temperature at which the epihalohydrin is allowed to further react with the amine and hydrohalide salt for a second period of time wherein the second temperature is sufficiently greater than the first that less unreacted amine is present after reaction than is present if the same reactants are admixed and reacted at the first temperature for a time equal to the sum of the first and second periods of time.

Abstract: A method of preparing a fabric softening material which comprises a quaternary ammonium material and at least on C.sub.8-28 alkyl or alkenyl group connected to the molecule via an ester linkage, said method comprising the step of reacting a base material with an alkyl or alkenyl group containing material, such that at least one alkyl or alkenyl group is connected to the base material via an ester linkage, wherein the reaction between the base material and the alkyl or alkenyl group containing material is carried out in the presence of an excess of alkyl or alkenyl groups, said excess being effective to lower the pour point of the softener material.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium compound solution comprising from about 50% to about 80% of a quaternary ammonium compound and from about 20% to about 50% of a solvent. The solvent being from about 25% to about 100% of alkylene glycol with the remainder being water. The method of making quaternary ammonium compounds comprises reacting methyl chloride and/or benzyl chloride and dialkylmethylamine and/or alkyldimethylamine in an alkylene glycol to completion and diluting the same with sufficient water to a solution in which the alkylene glycol is from about 25% to about 100% of the solvent component of the total solution and the quaternary ammonium compound is from about 50% weight to about 80% weight of the quaternary ammonium compound solution.

Abstract: A high yield method for the preparation of C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.16 alkyl quaternary ammonium-hydroxide is provided whereby two reactants, a corresponding quaternary ammonium chloride and a metal hydroxide, are reacted in a solvent comprising a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 normal alcohol. The amount of metal hydroxide reactant is that amount sufficient to yield the quaternary ammonium hydroxide and a metal chloride.Also provided are wood preservative systems which include (a) a biocidal effective amount of at least one di C.sub.8 -C.sub.12 alkyl quaternary ammonium hydroxide and (b) a solvent, as well as a method for preserving a wood substrate whereby the substrate is treated with the preservative system.

Abstract: A method for the detoxification of a mustard gas by reaction with a bis-tertiary diamine resulting in quaternary ammonium ionene polymers. Sulfur-containing quaternary ammonium ionene polymers which are useful as microbicides for controlling the growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems and on surfaces, as well as for inhibiting slime formation in aqueous systems and biocidal compositions contain effective amounts of the sulfur-containing quaternary ammonium ionene polymers.

Abstract: Tetramethylammonium azide, N(CH.sub.3).sub.4 N.sub.3, is prepared by a new process per the present invention. In the prior art, preparation of such azide was by use of shock-sensitive starting materials, i.e. AgN.sub.3 and HN.sub.3. The method of the present invention provides a new method for making such azide at high purity, at room temperature, without the use of shock-sensitive materials.

Abstract: Trichloroacetic and dichloroacetic acid are dehalogenated to give monochloroacetic acid by electrolyzing aqueous solutions of these acids in divided electrolysis cells using carbon cathodes; the aqueous electrolytic solutions also contain one or more metal salts having a hydrogen overvoltage of at least 0.4 volt (at a current density of at least 4000 A/m.sup.2) and specific ammonium and/or phosphonium salts.In this process, there is an extremely small evolution of hydrogen at the cathode, even at a very low concentration of the polychlorinated acetic acid, without the high selectivity of conversion of the electrolysis being impaired in continuous operation.

Abstract: A tert-amine which contains an acid-activated color body precursor is treated to prevent it or a derivative thereof, e.g., an amine oxide, betaine, or quaternary ammonium compound, from turning pink when exposed to acidic conditions by contacting it with ascorbic acid.

Abstract: A process for reducing the residual content of free alkylating agent in aqueous solutions of cationic surfactants comprising aftertreating the solutions with at least one of the following amine compounds:a) ammonia;b) tertiary amine corresponding to the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another represents linear or branched, optionally hydroxy-substituted alkyl radicals containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl radical containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms;c) amino acids containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms; andd) oligopeptides having an average molecular weight of about 500 to about 5000,at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making substantially solvent free quaternary ammonium compounds using fatty acids, amines and quaternizing agents without side reactions that would produce esters of fatty acids. A relatively small amount of a water-alcohol solvent is used in the quaternizing reaction after which a fatty acid is added and the solvent removed by sparging and/or vacuum.

Abstract: A process for reducing the residual content of free alkylating agent in aqueous solutions of amphoteric or zwitterionic surface-active agents by aftertreatment with ammonia, an amino acid containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an oligopeptide.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a quaternary onium salt is described. The process comprises the steps of (i) contacting an organic phase soaringly miscible in water containing a quaternary onium fluorine-containing carboxylate of RfCO.sub.2.sup.-+ AR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 as defined in the present Specification with an aqueous phase containing a thiocyanate ion to form a quaternary onium thiocyanate in the organic phase and (ii) contacting the organic phase containing the quaternary onium thiocyanate with an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble oxidizing agent to decompose the thiocyanate ion and to form an easily ion exchangeable quaternary onium salt. Also, applications of this treatment to a process for preparing hexafluoropropylene oxide from hexafluoropropylene in a two-phase system of an aqueous phase and an organic phase by using a hypochlorite as an oxidizing agent in the presence of a quaternary onium salt as a catalyst are described.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation of flowable, aqueous dispersions, which contain 10 to 30% by weight of betaines of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a linear alkyl group with at least 16 carbon atoms or the R.sup.4 CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.x -- group, in which R.sup.4 CO is an acyl group derived from a saturated, linear fatty acid with at least 16 carbon atoms and x=2 or 3,R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are the same or different and in each case represent an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,y is 1, 2 or 3,by quaternizing a tertiary amine of the general formulaR.sup.1 --NR.sup.2 R.sup.3with .omega.-halogenalkylcarboxylic acids X(CH.sub.2).sub.y COOY or their salts (X=halogen group, Y=hydrogen, alkali or ammonium) in an aqueous or alcoholic, aqueous solution at elevated temperature. Anionic surfactants are added to the reaction mixture before the quaternization reaction in such amounts, that the ultimate dispersion contains 1 to 10% by weight of anionic surfactants.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoylamino,R is hydrogen or unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or an --(alk)--NA.sup..sym. X.sup..crclbar. radical or,R forms together with an R.sub.1 in the ortho-position relative to the amino group a partially hydrogenated, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring which may contain additional N, S or O atoms as ring members, (alk) is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene radical,--NA.sup..sym. is the radical of an amino compound of formula ##STR2## where R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each independently of the others substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, R.sub.8 and R.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making substantially solvent free quaternary ammonium compounds using fatty acids, amines and quaternizing agents without side reactions that would produce esters of fatty acids. A relatively small amount of a water-alcohol solvent is used in the quaternizing reaction after which a fatty acid is added and the solvent removed by sparging and/or vacuum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a mixture of a quaternary ammonium compound, fatty acid, fatty acid ester and tertiary amine salt in situ which is a highly functional mixture that is manufactured in a single step reaction whereby quaternization is completed without the aid of solvents, especially flammable solvents. The single step reaction process eliminates separate blending of individual components. The compositions obtained can be used as fabric softeners, in modified clays, as hair treating compounds and as disinfectants.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium halides are prepared in solid form by reacting an alkyl or aralkyl halide with ammonia or an amine in a liquefied gas as the solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of sulfonylmethanes and derivatives thereof of the formula M[(RSO.sub.2).sub.2 CH].sub.m (I), in which M represents H, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or NR'.sub.4, R' and R are monovalent organic radicals and m represents the valence of M.The process comprises reacting an ionic carbide with a sulfonyl halide, hydrolyzing the product obtained, adding a compound M.sub.y Y.sub.m, in which Y represents an anion capable of reacting with the cation of the ionic carbide to the reaction medium before or after hydrolysis to give a compound which can be separated from compound (I), and y represents the valence of Y.

Abstract: Reduction of asphaltene precipitation in asphaltenic subterranean reservoirs treated with aqueous solutions of strong acid is achieved by utilizing novel dithiocarbamate compositions to sequester iron.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the continuous preparation of quaternary ammonium chlorides from tertiary amines and organic chlorides wherein the catalyst comprises a metal oxide having Lewis acid sites, said oxide containing elements of Group IIA, IIIA, IIIB, IVA and IVB of the Periodic Table or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt catalyst is recovered from mixtures where the salt is in contact with an aqueous alkaline phase by adding water to completely dissolve the salt and adding base to cause the dissolved catalyst to separate as a hydroxide which forms an oily upper phase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a quaternary ammonium compound which comprises the reaction product of (a) a tertiary amine; (b) an alkylating agent characterized by the presence of a first member selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl and thiol radicals and a second member, a halogen atom, disposed on adjacent carbon atoms; and (c) an epoxy compound acting as an entraining reactant.

Abstract: An allyl amine compound such as an allyl dialkyl amine is prepared by the reaction of ammonia or a water soluble amine with an allyl halide in the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or carbonate using a two-phase reaction system comprising water and a water-immiscible organic liquid. The allyl amine product is of an exceptionally high purity and contains relatively small amounts of salts. When the reaction method is employed to prepare an allyl dialkyl amine, the allyl dialkyl amine can effectively be quaternized to prepare a pure diallyl dialkyl ammonium compound at high yields.

Abstract: A method for producing tetrapropylammonium bromide by reacting tripropylamine with propyl bromide in a polar solvent at a temperature between 60.degree. and 160.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing quaternary salts of high purity is disclosed, comprising reacting a tertiary amine or phosphine with a carbonic acid diester to form a corresponding quaternary carbonate and further mixing it with an acid to perform decarboxylation. The quaternary salts thus obtained are useful compounds which can be used in wide fields as various catalysts, electrolytes, additives, medicaments, etc.

Abstract: A process for the removal or reduction of residual trimethyl amine odor resulting from the quaternization of a halogen containing precursor with trimethyl amine. Odor reduction is achieved by reacting the residual trimethyl amine with at least an equivalent amount of methyl chloride at a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. for a period of time to convert substantially all of the trimethyl amine to tetramethyl ammonium chloride.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3-halogeno-2-hydroxy-propyltrimethylammonium halide or especially one having the (S)-configuration, which comprises reacting 2,3-dihydroxypropyltrimethylammonium halide or one having the (S)-configuration, which is obtained by reacting (R)-3-halogeno-1,2-propanediol with trimethylamine, with a halogenating reagent.According to the present invention, 3-halogeno-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium halide or one having the (S)-configuration, which is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of carnitine or especially (l)-carnitine, can be obtained economically, efficiently and easily.

Abstract: Described are bis-quaternary ammonium compounds of 2-hydroxypropylene, e.g., 2-hydroxy propylene-1,3-bis(dimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride).

Abstract: Solid compositions based on superoxides comprise a material inert with respect to O.sub.2 - anions playing the role of matrix with regard to these anions, and O.sub.2 - anions, these compositions forming a material stable up to about 100.degree. C. This matrix permits the mobility of the O.sub.2 - anions in this temperature region. These compositions are usable as electrolytes (1) in an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A method of preparing certain bis-quaternary ammonium compounds and mixtures is disclosed. The method involves contacting a tertiary amine with a suitable amount of neutralizing acid, e.g. HCl, and subsequently contacting the resulting mixture with a suitable epoxide, e.g. epichlorohydrin, at an elevated temperature and in an amount that e.g. 2-hydroypropylene-bis-1,3-(dimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride) is obtained in almost stoichiometric yields. The resulting bis-quaternary ammonium compounds can be incorporated into a hair conditioner whereby a softer feel and better control of hair is obtained.The general structure for the resulting bis-quaternary ammonium compounds is as follows: ##STR1## wherein the R's are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylamidoalkyl, aryalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, and carboxyalkyl and X is a negative radical from the epoxide used, e.g. epichlorohydrin.

Abstract: In the continuous process described for the preparation of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride by reaction, with stirring, of dimethylamine, allyl chloride and alkali metal hydroxide which is dissolved in water, the reaction is carried out in at least two stirred vessels arranged in the form of a cascade. Dimethylamine and allyl chloride in the stoichiometric amount in each case and only 60 to 95 mol % of the stoichiometrically necessary amount of alkali metal hydroxide are fed to the first stirred vessel and conducted through the vessel at a temperature of 20.degree. to 70.degree. C. with a residence time such that the product leaving the vessel and flowing to the further vessels still contains at most 10 mol % of free amine, mol percentages being related to the molar amount of dimethylamine employed; the alkali metal hydroxide lacking in the first stirred vessel compared to the stoichiometric amount is fed continuously to the further stirred vessels mentioned and in these vessels, at a temperature of 20.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the performance of organic reactions in the liquid phase wherein silicone oils are used as the reaction medium. These silicone oils have no functional groups, are liquid at room temperature and have viscosities between 40 and 20,000 cs. at 25.degree. C. The obtained reaction products are very pure and generally do not require additional purifying operations.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a bis [.beta.-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]ether by reacting a bismethohalide of bis [.beta.-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]ether represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## (wherein X denotes a halogen atom), with an aliphatic amine having a boiling point of not lower than 220.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure and having a primary amino group in the molecule thereof. The process comprises the following two steps (a) and (b): (a) a step of distilling out water at a temperature of not more than 130.degree. C. under reduced pressure from a mixture of said bismethohalide aqueous solution and said aliphatic amine to provide a concentration of said bismethohalide to water of not less than 85% by weight, and (b) a step of reacting said bismethohalide and amine in a solid-liquid phase at a temperature of not lower than 140.degree. C.

Abstract: Quaternary crosslinked products obtained by reacting triethanolamine condensates of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3, with xylylene dichloride and their use as demulsifiers for oil-water emulsions, as lubricants and as auxiliaries in the paper industry.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of quaternary ammonium compounds by reacting a compound having a terminal epoxide troup with a salt of a tertiary amine in the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound as catalyst.

Abstract: A novel quaternary ammonium group-containing material which is obtained from reacting a monoepoxide with an amine containing at least one organic group containing an acyclic moiety of from about 8 to 30 carbon atoms is disclosed. The quaternary ammonium group-containing materials are useful as pigment grinding vehicles and in the formulation of pigment paste, particularly pigment paste with high pigment loadings. When formulated in cationic electrodepositable compositions, the pigment grinding vehicles provide for cured electrodeposited coatings of excellent corrosion resistance, particularly over untreated and oily steel.