Abstract: .beta.-Dicarbonyl, .beta.-cyanocarbonyl and .beta.-dicyano compounds I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is an organic radical, X and Y are COOR.sup.2, --CO--R.sup.2 or --CN and R.sup.2 is an organic radical, are prepared from R.sup.1 --CHO (II) and X--CH.sub.2 --Y (III) by reaction in the presence of a condensation catalyst, hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst, using an oxide or phosphate of Mg, Al, Ti, Zn or a rare earth metal as the condensation catalyst.

Abstract: Novel substituted 5-cycloalkyl-2,2-dimethyl-pentan-3-ones of the formula ##STR1## in which R is optionally substituted cycloalkyl,X is halogen andY is hydrogen or halogen,The new compounds are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of substances having plant growth-regulating and fungicidal properties.

Abstract: Novel substituted acetylene-ketones of the formulaR.sup.2 --C.tbd.C--CO--R.sup.1 (I)in whichR.sup.1 represents optionally substituted cycloalkyl with 4 to 7 carbon atoms or the groupings ##STR1## or represents optionally substituted aryl, if R.sup.2 represents optionally substituted cycloalkenyl or optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl;R.sup.2 represents alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aralkyl;R.sup.3 represents halogen;R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or halogen;R.sup.5 represents alkyl with more than 1 carbon atom, alkenyl, alkinyl or the CHO group or a derivative thereof, or represents methyl, if R.sup.2 represents optionally substituted cycloalkenyl or optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl;R.sup.6 represents cyano, optionally substituted aryl or the groupings --XR.sup.7 or --CONR.sup.8 R.sup.9 ;R.sup.

Abstract: Described is an isomer-directed process for producing asymmetric ketones defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein one of Z.sub.1 or Z.sub.2 is the moiety: ##STR2## and the other of Z.sub.1 or Z.sub.2 is hydrogen; wherein R.sub.11 and R.sub.21 represent hydrogen or the same or different alkyl or alkenyl with the proviso that R.sub.11 and R.sub.21 are not both hydrogen or wherein R.sub.11 and R.sub.21 taken together:(i) complete a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl, mono or polyalkyl cycloalkyl or mono or polyalkyl cycloalkenyl ring, or(ii) represent alkylidene, cycloalkenyl alkylidene, aralkylidene, mono or polyalkyl cycloalkenyl alkylidene or mono or polyalkyl aralkylidene;and wherein R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds having pharmaceutical activity and having the general structure ##STR1## wherein the Z, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, n and m are defined within.

Abstract: Described is an isomer-directed process for producing asymmetric ketones defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein one of Z.sub.1 or Z.sub.2 is the moiety: ##STR2## and the other of Z.sub.1 or Z.sub.2 is hydrogen; wherein R.sub.11 and R.sub.21 represent hydrogen or the same or different alkyl or alkenyl with the proviso that R.sub.11 and R.sub.21 are not both hydrogen or wherein R.sub.11 and R.sub.21 taken together:(i) complete a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl, mono or polyalkyl cycloalkyl or mono or polyalkyl cycloalkenyl ring, or(ii) represent alkylidene, cycloalkenyl alkylidene, aralkylidene, mono or polyalkyl cycloalkenyl alkylidene or mono or polyalkyl aralkylidene;and wherein R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.

Abstract: Novel substitued 5-cycloalkyl-2,2-dimethyl-pentan-3-ones of the formula ##STR1## in which R is optionally substituted cycloalkyl,X is halogen andY is hydrogen or halogen.The new compounds are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of substances having plant growth-regulating and fungicidal properties.

Abstract: Oxygen-containing compounds are prepared by oxidizing a hydrocarbon in the liquid phase with a gas containing molecular oxygen, at elevated temperatures and under superatmospheric pressure, by a continuous process in which the said gas is fed into the liquid reaction mixture, in a downward direction, at several points along the reaction zone via nozzle apertures, so that it emerges at each nozzle aperture with a velocity of from 0.01 to 1 m/sec in an amount of from 0.001 to 10 liters per second per nozzle aperture, and the said reaction mixture is brought into substantially uniform contact with the gas containing molecular oxygen, over the volume of the reaction zone.

Abstract: A novel process for the manufacture of cyclohexene derivatives which are suitable as intermediates for the manufacture of rhodoxanthin or zeaxanthin, as well as a process for the manufacture of rhodoxanthin or of zeaxanthin itself. The invention is also concerned with a novel starting material and novel intermediates in this process.

Abstract: Monomethyl-substituted methylene compounds are obtained by reacting methylene compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another represent --CN, --CO--R.sup.3, --SO.sub.2 --R.sup.3 or --NO.sub.2 andR.sup.1 can additionally denote -aryl(R.sup.1).sub.n,whereinR.sup.3 denotes --OH, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aralkoxy or aryloxy, or amino which is substituted by alkyl and/or aralkyl and/or aryl, and furthermoretwo radicals R.sup.3 together can be an alkylene group, the radical of an aliphatic diol or of an aliphatic diamine or the group --NH--CO--NH-- and n represents 1, 2 or 3,with formaldehyde and with hydrogen in the presence of a condensation catalyst and a hydrogenation catalyst at elevated temperature, the methylene compound being introduced into the liquid phase of the mixture of reactants in the course of the reaction.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives such as cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl carboxylates are produced directly from aromatic hydrocarbons. The reaction may be carried out, under hydrogenation conditions, by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon with hydrogen and a reagent selected from the group consisting of water, and carboxylic acids in the presence of a strong acid and a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process and intermediates for the preparation of 1.alpha.,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol as well as substantially pure and crystalline 1.alpha.,25-dihydroxyergocolciferol. The end-product 1.alpha.,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol is useful in the treatment of disease states which are characterized by insufficient amounts of 1.alpha.,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

Abstract: Compounds of the following structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and 2-propenyl are disclosed useful as intermediates in organic synthesis.

Abstract: Described is a product-by-process which comprises:(A) an aldol condensation between isobutyraldehyde and acetone in the presence of a base.(B) cyclic dimerization of the product.(C) reduction of the resultant product.

Abstract: A 2,2-dihalo-6-halo-6-(1-haloisobutyl)cyclohexanone represented by the general formula ##STR1## where each of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 is a halogen atom.

Abstract: Described is the genus of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein at least one of the lines:[++++]represents a carbon-carbon single bond and the other of the lines:[++++]represents a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon single bond; wherein the moiety X represents one of the moieties: ##STR2## wherein when the moiety X has the structure: ##STR3## then one of the lines:[++++]is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the lines:[++++]is a carbon-carbon single bond and when the moiety X has the structure: ##STR4## then both of the lines:[++++]represent carbon-carbon single bonds;wherein, one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent 2-methyl-1-propenyl or 2-methyl-1-propylidenyl; and the other of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent hydrogen; with the provisos that:(i) when the line:[++++]at the 3-4 position is a double bond, then R.sub.3 is hydrogen or 2-methyl-1-propenyl; and(ii) when the line:[++++]at the 2-3 position is a double bond, then R.sub.

Abstract: A method of producing a 4-hydroxycyclopentenone represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, thienyl, phenyl, p-methylbenzyl or benzyl group and R.sub.2 is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group having 6 or less carbon atom, which comprises reacting a furylcarbinol compound of the formula, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is as defined above, in the presence of an acid in a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent, to obtain a cyclopentenone compound of the formula, ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 is as defined above; reacting the cyclopentenone compound in the presence of an oxidizing agent to obtain a cyclopentendione compound of the formula, ##STR4## wherein R.sub.1 is as defined above; reacting the cyclopentendione compound with a Grignard reagent of the formula,R.sub.2 MgXwherein R.sub.2 is as defined above and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, to obtain an oxocyclopentene compound of the formula, ##STR5## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: New odoriferous compounds, particularly the compounds having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic residue having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkylidene or C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, the sum of the carbon atoms being in those residues from 2 to 5, m and n being equal to zero or 1, p being 1, 2 or 3 and the dotted lines representing one or two optional double bonds. The invention also relates to a method for the preparation of new di-ketones I: as well as the use of I as odoriferous compounds in odoriferous compositions, which are characterized by a certain proportion of compounds having the formula I.

Abstract: An improved process for isolating organic compounds from crude product or reaction mixtures by dissolving said crude product or reaction mixture in a suitable solvent, contacting the resulting solution with a lithium salt to form a solid metal salt complex, separating, and thereafter recovering a pure product by decomposing the lithium salt complex.

Abstract: Described is the genus of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein at least one of the lines:[++++]represents a carbon-carbon single bond and the other of the lines:[++++]represents a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon single bond; wherein the moiety X represents one of the moieties: ##STR2## wherein when the moiety X has the structure: ##STR3## then one of the lines:[++++]is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the lines:[++++]is a carbon-carbon single bond and when the moiety X has the structure: ##STR4## then both of the lines:[++++]represent carbon-carbon single bonds; wherein, one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent 2-methyl-1-propenyl or 2-methyl-1-propylidenyl; and the other of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represent hydrogen; with the provisos that:(i) when the line:[++++]at the 3-4 position is a double bond, then R.sub.3 is hydrogen or 2-methyl-1-propenyl; and(ii) when the line:[++++]at the 2-3 position is a double bond, then R.sub.

Abstract: A process comprising the steps of reacting 1-acetyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane with an alkyl acetate, thereby forming a diketone having the structure: ##STR1## reacting the said diketone with an allyl halide to form a substituted diketone having the structure: ##STR2## which is transformed into the compound having the structure: ##STR3## by means of a retro-Claisen reaction.

Abstract: Chlorodifluorovinyloxyperfluoroalkyleneoxyalkyl trifluoromethyl ketones and acyl fluorides; chlorodifluorovinyloxyperfluoroalkyleneoxyethylenes; substituted fluoroalkoxyperfluoroalkyleneoxyalkyl trifluoromethyl ketones and acyl fluorides; substituted fluoroalkoxyperfluoroalkyleneoxyethylenes; processes for their preparation and for the preparation of perfluorovinyloxyalkyleneoxyalkyl bromides; and copolymers of derivatives of the aforesaid vinyl compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazoline compound by reacting ammonia, a cycloalkanone and oxygen in the presence of metal cations.

Abstract: Alicyclic ketone and alcohol derivatives having the structure: ##STR1## wherein the dotted line represents a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon single bond; wherein Z is ##STR2## and wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl are useful as odor-modifying ingredients in perfumes and perfumed products and as flavor-modifying ingredients in foodstuffs and tobacco products.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are equal or different alkyl-, alkoxyalkyl-, or aryl groups, or together form a ring; R.sub.3 is an allyl or benzyl radical; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl or further compounds of the formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 have the meaning indicated above and R.sub.6 stands for hydrogen or methyl or to compounds which are modified by the addition of hydrogen to at least one olefinic or carbonylic double bond of compounds of the general formula I or II. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the new compounds. The compounds of the general formula II are obtained by thermal treatment of a selection of compounds of formula I, for which R.sub.3 stands for the allyl or methallyl radical. The compounds according to the invention are used as fragrant and flavoring substances.

Abstract: Derivatives of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones having anticonvulsant activity and methods of their preparation from heterocyclic phosphonium salts and acyclic phosphoranes are disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalytic oxidation of a cycloparaffin, e.g., cyclohexane, to partial oxidation products thereof, especially for the production of mixtures of cycloalkanols and cycloalkanones. In the process, molecular oxygen, usually in the presence of an inert gas, is introduced into the cycloparaffin at elevated pressure and a temperature of 130.degree.-180.degree. C., in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising a heavy metal compound along with an N-heterocyclic compound. The heavy metal of the heavy metal compound may be cobalt, vanadium, manganese, copper, iron or nickel. The heavy metal compound may have ligands of alkanoate, dialkylphosphate, dicycloalkylphosphate or alkylcycloalkylphosphate. The N-heterocyclic compound may be dipyridyl, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridine and pyridine substituted with --CN, --R, and/or --OR where R is alkyl. A preferred catalyst is cobalt bis[di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate] in combination with pyridine.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexanone derivatives of general formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms) and new cyclohexanone derivatives of general formula: ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms) are produced by an electrooxidative coupling of 1,3-cyclohexanedione with a vinyl ether of general formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-O-R.sup.1(wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above) in the presence or absence of an alcohol of general formula:R.sup.2 OH(wherein R.sup.2 is as defined above). These new cyclohexanone derivatives can be easily converted to N-substituted or unsubstituted-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindoles, which are of value as intermediates for the production of N-substituted or unsubstituted-4-hydroxyindoles and, thence, to pindolol and its analogs.

Abstract: Novel carbamates derived from substituted cyclic .beta.-keto-alcohols, their preparation, and pharmaceutical formulations which contain these compounds and which may be used as hypnotics in the treatment of sleep disturbance and as sedatives.

Abstract: Ketal and hemiketal found in the reaction mass resulting from the acid catalyzed cleavage of cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide in the presence of alcohol are removed from the reaction mass resulting upon the acid catalyzed cleavage by separating an organic layer from said mass and treating said organic layer with an acid thus improving the yield of cyclohexanone, recovering alcohol and facilitating ensuing purification operations.

Abstract: Alicyclic ketone and alcohol derivatives having the structure: ##STR1## wherein the dotted line represents a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon single bond; wherein Z is ##STR2## and wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl are useful as odor-modifying ingredients in perfumes and perfumed products and as flavor-modifying ingredients in foodstuffs and tobacco products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted cyclohexane derivatives having the structure: ##STR1## wherein the dotted line may be a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon single bond; wherein R.sub.1,R.sub.2,R.sub.3, R.sub.4,R.sub.5,R.sub.6,R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 may be hydrogen or lower alkyl; wherein Z may be any of the following: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.9 may be hydrogen or lower alkyl; and wherein R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are lower alkyl. This invention also provides methods of preparing and using the compounds as odor-modifying ingredients in perfumes and perfumed products, and as flavor-modifying ingredients in foodstuffs and tobacco products.

Abstract: Processes and compositions for improving, modifying or enhancing the organoleptic properties of a tobacco product which comprises adding thereto an effective amount of a 2-hydroxymethylenecyclohexanone.

Abstract: An inert organic solvent dispersion of alkali hydroxide is prepared by mixing an alkali hydroxide, an inert organic solvent and a stabilizer and heating and stirring at the temperature for forming the pasty alkali hydroxide and cooling the dispersion. The dispersion of alkali hydroxide is used in a reaction of an active methylene compound with an organoalkyl halide such as a reaction of a halophenylacetonitrile with an isopropyl halide to obtain .alpha.-isopropyl halophenylacetonitrile.

Abstract: The invention includes novel alkali metal complex compounds (and processes for their preparation) which are useful, inter alia for the hydrogenation of alkali metals at room temperature or below room temperature to form hydrides or nitrides.

Abstract: The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is desensitized by dissolving it in oleum of from 10 to 40% (by weight) in strength. The solutions formed preferably contain at least 400 g and at most 480 g of dissolved TNT per liter of oleum in oleum of 20-25% strength. They are especially useful for the preparation of phloroglucinol.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to pharmacologically active prostaglandin derivatives of the E, F, or A series having on the terminal methylene carbon of the alpha chain, a substituent selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, and phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, OR.sub.16, SR.sub.16, F, or Cl, and R.sub.16 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl.

Abstract: Cis- and trans-limonene oxides can be separated effectively one from the other by either fractional distillation or by substantially selectively rearranging with acid catalysis at mild temperature said cis-isomer into trans-dihydrocarvone. The distillatively-separated limonene oxide isomers or the remaining unreacted trans-limonene oxide isomer then is available for discrete conversion into a corresponding dihydrocarvone isomer with minimal equilibration by further acid-catalyzed rearranging at mild temperature.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing hydrogenated derivatives of 2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohexene derivatives by means of treating said derivatives with hydrogen in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst such as palladium-on-calcium carbonate or palladium-on-barium sulfate in the presence of a quinoline activator. The resulting products are useful for their organoleptic properties as foodstuff flavorants and flavor enhancers, perfume composition ingredients, perfumed article ingredients and tobacco flavorants and flavor enhancers.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogs are disclosed that have the .alpha.-chain terminating with the group --CH(OR')OR" wherein R' and R" are the same or different and are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, the substituents selected from the group C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, halo and trifluoromethyl. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents, gastric secretory and platelet aggregation inhibitors and bronchodilators.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogs are disclosed that have the .alpha.-chain terminating with the group --CH(OR')OR" wherein R' and R" are the same or different and are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, the substituents selected from the group C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, halo and trifluoromethyl. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents, gastric secretory and platelet aggregation enhibitors and bronchodilators.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogs are disclosed that have the .alpha.-chain terminating with the group --CH(OR')OR" wherein R' and R" are the same or different and are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, the substituents selected from the group C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, halo and trifluoromethyl. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents, gastric secretory and platelet aggregation enhibitors and bronchodilators.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogs are disclosed that have the .alpha.-chain terminating with the group --CH(OR')OR" wherein R' and R" are the same or different and are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, the substituents selected from the group C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, halo and trifluoromethyl. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents, gastric secretory and platelet aggregation inhibitors and bronchodilators.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogs are disclosed that have the .alpha.-chain terminating with the group --CH(OR')OR" wherein R' and R" are the same or different and are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, the substituents selected from the group C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, halo and trifluoromethyl. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents, gastric secretory and platelet aggregation enhibitors and bronchodilators.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogs are disclosed that have the .alpha.-chain terminating with the group --CH(OR')OR" wherein R' and R" are the same or different and are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, the substituents selected from the group C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, halo and trifluoromethyl. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents, gastric secretory and platelet aggregation enhibitors and bronchodilators.

Abstract: Prostaglandin analogs are disclosed that have the .alpha.-chain terminating with the group --CH(OR')OR" wherein R' and R" are the same or different and are hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, the substituents selected from the group C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, halo and trifluoromethyl. These compounds are useful as hypotensive agents, gastric secretory and platelet aggregation enhibitors and bronchodilators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds useful as fragrance materials which have the structure ##STR1## wherein the dashed line may be either a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each the same or different and each represents hydrogen or methyl; and X is halogen. The invention also provides methods of preparing these compounds from readily available cyclohexene derivatives and fragrance compositions which include the compounds.

Abstract: The preparation of bicyclic enol-ethers (I) ##STR1## (where n is from 3 to 12, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be H or C.sub.1 --C.sub.4 -alkyl) by free radical adduct formation of CHR.sup.1 =CR.sup.2 --CHR.sup.3 --O--R.sup.4 (III)(where R.sup.4 is tert.-butyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl or tetrahydropyran-2-yl) with a cyclic ketone (IV) ##STR2## followed by acid-catalyzed cyclization, and novel compounds II ##STR3## The compounds (I) and (II) are intermediates for the synthesis of musk-like fragrances.

Abstract: O-alkoxyphenols are produced from cyclohexanone or cyclohexanol by chlorination of cyclohexanone or cyclohexanol to trichlorocyclohexanone and reaction of the trichlorocyclohexanone with an aliphatic, monohydric alcohol having one to four carbon atoms and a base to form an intermediate compound or compounds which are further reacted to convert the intermediate compound or compounds to an o-alkoxyphenol.