Abstract: Carbonyl compounds can be prepared by catalytic oxidation of olefins with oxygen or oxygen-containing gases in a microemulsion (ME) as reaction medium and catalyst support. The catalysts present in ME and used for this purpose are characterized by a content of 0.0001-10% by weight of a Pd compound and by a content of 0.0005-20% by weight of a subgroup metal compound or a quinone, based on the total weight of the catalysts present in the ME.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation of propylene to acrolein, acrylic acid or a mixture thereof in an oxidation reactor whose feed gas mixture comprises, apart from propylene and molecular oxygen as oxidant, only at least one diluent gas which is essentially inert under the conditions of the heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase oxidation and where, in continuous operation, at least a part of the essentially inert diluent gases present in the product gas mixture is separated off therefrom and is reused as a constituent of the feed gas mixture to the oxidation reactor, the essentially inert diluent gas mixture comprises more than 85% by volume of at least one saturated hydrocarbon having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention is directed towards an improved process for the selective gas phase oxidation of a organic reactant using a metal oxide redox catalyst, wherein the organic reactant and air feeds are at a substantially continuous level, the improvement comprising adding a fluctuating flow of oxygen at alternating relatively high and relatively low levels. The invention also teaches means by which a gas may be provided to a reaction process on a fluctuating basis.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing carbonyl compounds by oxidizing olefins is disclosed. The process comprises oxidizing an olefin with oxygen or an oxygen containing gas in the presence of a palladium compound or metallic palladium, a polyoxoanion compound and an organic phosphorus compound in a solvent selected from oxygen-containing organic compounds, sulfur-containing organic compounds and nitrogen-containing organic compounds. In this process, precipitating of the palladium component is prevented and the high, reaction rate is well maintained through the prolonged reaction period and thus carbonyl compounds can be produced with high efficiency and productivity.

Abstract: Aluminophosphates containing manganese in the structural framework are employed for the oxidation of alkanes, for example the vapor phase oxidation of methane to methanol.

Abstract: The process for preparing the carbonyl compound involves oxidizing the olefins in the presence of the catalyst composed of the palladium compound and the polyoxoanion compound in a mixture of water with a cyclic ether having at least a dioxane ring or a dioxolan ring or in the presence of the catalyst composed of the palladium compound, the polyoxoanion compound and the quinone and/or the aromatic diol in a solvent. This process yields carbonyl compounds, such as ketones and aldehydes, useful as solvents, raw chemicals and so on, with a high production rate per unit time and unit palladium quantity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing methacrylic acid and methacrolein in one step which comprises subjecting isobutane to catalytic oxidation in the presence of molecular oxygen in the vapor phase, with a catalyst comprising a P and/or As--Mo--V and/or Cu composition containing a heteropoly acid. The catalytic oxidation is performed at a temperature of not greater than 350.degree. C., at which temperature the decomposition of the heteropoly acid is unlikely to occur, preferably at a temperature of not greater than 320.degree. C. By means of this process, methacrylic acid and methacrolein are produced with high productivity and in high yield while maintaining a stable activity of the catalyst for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic gas-phase oxidation of propene or isobutene to acrolein or methacrolein in a tubular fixed bed reactor or catalytically active oxides with a .gtoreq.90% conversion of the initial olefin on a single passage, wherein the temperature of the gases containing the reactants in the direction of flow along the tubes from their entrance until the conversion of the initial olefin is from 30 to 70% is from 360.degree. to 420.degree. C. and is then adjusted to from 360.degree. to 300.degree. C. until the conversion of the initial olefin is from 80 to 90% and is thereafter maintained at from 330.degree. to 390.degree. C. until the gases emerge from the tubes, is described.

Abstract: A method for preparing acrolein or methacrolein comprises subjecting propylene, secondary propanol, isobutylene or tertiary butanol to gas phase catalytic oxidation with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst represented by the following general formula (I):Mo.sub.a Bi.sub.b Fe.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.O Z.sub.f O.sub.g (I)wherein X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co; Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, Cs and Tl; and Z represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ce, Ti, Zr, Nb, Cr, W, Mn, Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, Sb, S, Se and Te; a, b, c, d, e, f and g each represents an atomic ratio of the corresponding element and when a is assumed to be 12, b=0.1.about.10, c=0.1.about.20, d=2.about.20, e=0.01.about.2, f=0.about.

Abstract: Process is provided for oxidation of organic compounds in which a reaction zone is provided, containing an open space and a bed of solid granular catalyst, an organic feedstock and oxygen are passed in gas phase through the open space and then into contact with the catalyst bed, and reaction products are removed from the open space after relatively less contact with the catalyst, and from at least one other location after relatively greater contact with the catalyst. Greater yield of desired product may be obtained in such operation than in operation where all of the reaction products are removed after the greater contact with the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of carbonyl compounds such as acetaldehyde is provided. This process entails reacting alpha olefins with a catalyst system containing a noble metal oxidation catalyst, cupric ions, chloride ions, and a strong acid such as sulfuric acid followed by separating into a carbonyl compound stream and a reduced catalyst stream followed by oxidizing the catalyst stream and returning it to the reaction zone at a pH between about 0 and 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of acrolein by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of propene with air in the presence of steam and an inert gas or waste gas from the reaction, the starting materials being passed in defined quantitative ratios at 300.degree. to 380.degree. C. under 1.4 to 2.2 bar pressure over a catalyst containing the combination of elements MoFeCoNiBiP(As)K(Rb,Cs)SmSiO in the form of a bed of individual elements, the catalyst elements fulfilling certain geometric conditions and a number of critical physico-chemical parameters and a specific load of 2 to 8 mol propene/dm.sup.3 catalyst bed/h being adjusted.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the production of oxides from alkanes by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to an air in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a multistage dehydrogenator. The product stream is withdrawn from an intermediate reactor in the dehydrogenator, other than the first and the last reactor, and introduced into an oxidation reactor. The product formed in the oxidation reactor is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit to form a gaseous stream containing the unreacted alkane and alkene as well as a minor amount, i.e. less than about 2 percent by volume, of oxygen and nitrogen, if present in the feed to the oxidation reactor.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the production of oxides from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air, preferably the latter, in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a dehydrogenator. The product stream is introduced into an oxidation reactor. The product formed therein is recovered in a quench tower. The gas phase from the quench tower is treated in a PSA unit to form a gaseous stream containing the unreacted alkane, alkene, a minor amount of oxygen, i.e. less than about 2 percent by volume, and nitrogen if present in the feed to the oxidation reactor. The gaseous stream, which may or may not contain hydrogen depending on the adsorbent on the PSA unit, is introduced into a selective oxidation unit to remove the remaining oxygen and then recycled to the dehydrogenator.

Abstract: A method of oxidizing olefins or alkanes by contacting with oxygen and a catalyst composition of the formula:Ru.sub.3 O[OCO(CF.sub.2).sub.y CF.sub.3 ].sub.6 LWherein: Ru are reuthenium atoms having a formal oxidation state of +2 or +3,L is a neutral or anionic ligand,Y is an integer from 0 to 6, andx is an integer from 1 to 3; and an anion.

Abstract: Olefins which are free of allylic hydrogens, and which contain two hydrogens bonded to a carbon atom which is bonded to another carbon by a double bond, from aldehydes when reacted with oxygen in the presence of an acidic silver catalyst, such as silver dispersed on .gamma.-alumina. For example, 1,3-butadiene is oxidized to crotonaldehyde.

Abstract: A process for producing acetic acid directly from ethylene under mild conditions is provided, wherein ethylene and oxygen are respectively coordinated with the respective transition metals contained in a specified composite catalyst system, and ethylene activated thereby is successively oxidized by two kinds of oxygen complexes contained in the system and having their electric charge states adjusted, the composite catalyst system comprising a complex represented by a formula (MmXn.Ll) and a complex represented by a formula (M'm'Xn'.L'l') wherein is a transition metal of the groups I, IV.about.VII and iron group; X, an anion; L, an organic phosphorus compound as a ligand; M', a transition metal of Pt group; L', a nitrile, organic fluorine compound or organic phosphorus compound as a ligand; m, m', n and n', each a number determined by the valences of the transition metals and anion; and l and l' each the number of ligands.

Abstract: Silicometallates containing iron in the structural framework are employed as catalysts for the oxidation of hydrocarbons or oxygenated hydrocarbons, for example the vapor phase oxidation of methane to methanol.

Abstract: Formaldehyde is made from methane and a molecular oxygen containing gas by using a silica supported catalyst having less than 350 parts per million by weight of sodium and having a catalytically effective amount of V.sub.2 O.sub.5. The low sodium form of the silica support can be made by washing silica gel or precipitated silica or by using a fumed silica. In general, the lower the sodium level, the better is the catalyst.

Abstract: A novel process for producing oxygen-containing organic compounds with high selectivity and good yield by oxidizing organic compounds under mild conditions is provided, which process comprises using as a catalyst for the oxidation, a complex (M.sub.m X.sub.n.L.sub.l) consisting of a transition metal compound (M.sub.m X.sub.n) and an organic phosphorous compound (L) as a ligand, wherein M represents a transition metal belonging to group I, group IV.about.VII or iron group in group VIII of the periodic table; X represents an anion such as a halogen; ligand L represents an organic phosphorous compound; and m and n mean a number of the atomic valence of said transition metal (ion) M and said anion X, respectively, and l means a number of said ligand.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of alpha-olefins having from 3 to about 30 carbon atoms, in which the alpha-olefin and molecular oxygen are contacted in the presence of a solution of a Group VIII metal complex containing at least one NO.sub.2 or NO ligand, a divalent copper salt and a tertiary alcohol as solvent.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of olefinically unsaturated substrates of the formula R--CH.dbd.CH-R' wherein R and R' are independently selected from members of the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and halo-, cyano- and ether-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl and aryl which comprises reacting in the liquid phase said substrate with a rhodium nitro complex of the formula L.sub.n RhNO.sub.2, wherein n is 4 or 5 and wherein L.sub.n represents any combination of monodentate, bidentate, tridentate and tetradentate ligands such as to provide four or five bonding sites, for a time sufficient to produce an oxidized product of the formula RCH.sub.2 C(O)R' and a reduced product of the formula L.sub.n RhNO is disclosed. A preferred embodiment of the process wherein the rhodium nitro complex contains at least one ligand replaceable by olefin to be oxidized and operates to produce the oxidized product RCH.sub.2 C(O)R' in the absence of other Group VIII metals as co-catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: The use of fluorocarbons during the multiphase oxidation of olefins to ketones with Wacker-type catalysts improves reaction efficiency.

Abstract: A process for producing acetaldehyde from ethylene under mild reaction conditions, selectively and with high yield is provided, which process comprises preparing a composite catalyst comprising a complex of a transition metal capable of forming an oxygen complex by coordination of oxygen molecule with the metal ion of the transition metal, and a complex of a transition metal capable of forming an ethylene complex by coordination of ethylene with the metal ion of the transition metal, and oxidizing ethylene activated by forming the ethylene complex with the combined oxygen in the oxygen complex, activated by forming the oxygen complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of ketones which comprises oxidizing an n-olefin in the presence of a catalyst containing palladium, copper, a halogen, and at least one of specific tertiary amines.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst comprising boron phosphate impregnated with from 5 to 20 weight percent silver and its use to oxidize propylene, butene-1, butadiene-1,3 and methanol is disclosed. The oxidation takes place at from 200.degree. to 700.degree. C. Preferably water vapor is present.

Abstract: Mixed oxides of bismuth with other metals of the perovskite structure and having vacant lattice sites in the same lattice positions occupied by bismuth are disclosed as partial oxidation and ammoxidation catalysts. Such oxides are used as catalysts in the improved method of oxidizing an acyclic hydrocarbon of 1-10 carbons having at most one olefinic unsaturation by reacting the acyclic hydrocarbon in the vapor phase with oxygen in the presence of the solid catalyst to form products having carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, particularly butenes and isobutylene, for the production of acetic acid, propionic acid and acetone. Specifically the invention comprises the highly selective oxidation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon or of a mixture of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a complex of trivalent cobalt and of a carbonyl compound, of the aldehydic or ketonic type.

Abstract: Wacker-type oxidation catalysts can be recovered and rejuvenated for further use by separating catalyst solids from the reaction mixture and, optionally, adjusting pH.

Abstract: A process for the production of a saturated carbonyl compound which comprises bringing into reaction at an elevated temperature in the gas phase an alkane with molecular oxygen and a hydrogen halide in the presence of a solid particulate catalyst composition comprising (1) metallic silver and/or a compound thereof and (2) one or more compounds of at least one other metal having a variable valency.Useful for the production of acetaldehyde from ethane.

Abstract: Isobutane is converted to methacrolein in an integrated two-step process wherein isobutane is dehydrogenated in a first step to isobutylene, hydrogen, and by-products and the reaction effluent is passed directly into a second step where isobutylene is oxidized to methacrolein without significant oxidation of the hydrogen and by-products. The methacrolein and by-products may be separated and the unreacted isobutylene and isobutane recycled to the first step. Alternatively, the effluent from the second step may be used as feed to a further oxidation step for conversion of methacrolein to methacrylic acid. In one embodiment, the hydrogen produced in the first step is oxidized using the excess oxygen from the second step under conditions selected to avoid loss of the C.sub.4 components. In an alternative embodiment, the unreacted isobutane and isobutylene are absorbed and separated from the remaining components before being recycled to the first step.

Abstract: A method for preparing methacrolein by oxidizing isobutylene or tertiary butanol with molecular oxygen, characterized by contacting a gaseous mixture of isobutylene or tertiary butanol, air or oxygen and optionally steam and an inert gas with a catalyst having the general combination:Mo.sub.12 Fe.sub.a Ni.sub.b Te.sub.c Tl.sub.d Pb.sub.f X.sub.g O.sub.hwherein a, b, c, d, f and g represent the numbers of atoms of the respective elements per 12 molybdenum atoms; X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Nd and Sm; a is a value of 0.2-6; b is a value of 0.2-6; a+b is a value of 1-10; c is a value of 0.1-4; d is a value of 0.1-3; f is a value of 0.1-5; g is a value of 0.1-5; and h is the number of oxygen atoms for satisfying the valencies of the existing elements. The use of this catalyst enables the selectivity for methacrolein to be improved to 90-94% and the yield based on the starting material to be increased to 89-91%.

Abstract: A method for producing catalyst by impregnating a support with an aqueous solution of CuO, drying the impregnated support at about 90.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. to provide a powdery product support impregnated with about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent CuO. A method for preparing aldehydes from olefins in the presence of an oxygen containing gas and a catalyst as prepared above.

Abstract: An oxidation process in which a metal nitro complex transfers an oxygen atom from the nitro ligand to a substrate; especially such process conducted cyclically or catalytically using molecular oxygen as the oxygen source. Metal nitrosyl complex is formed as a coproduct together with an oxidation product of the substrate. In a cyclic process, nitrosyl ligand of the metal nitrosyl coproduct is reoxidized by molecular oxygen in presence of a monodentate base such as pyridine to nitro ligand; and the nitro complex, thus regenerated, can be used again to oxidize the substrate. In a catalytic process, using an activator such as a Lewis acid with alcohols or divalent palladium with olefins, elemental oxygen maintains a concentration of nitro ligand in the reaction mixture. In particular the metal is a Group VIII metal, especially cobalt and the ligand is saloph or tetraphenylporphyrin.

Abstract: Compositions having a host phase of a niobate or tantalate of a divalent or trivalent metal and containing vanadium from one atom present to the limit of solid solubility in the host phase. Host phases of the rutile, columbite and trirutile structure are disclosed. The compositions are useful in the partial oxidation and ammoxidation of lower alkanes.

Abstract: A process for the direct oxidation of isobutane or propane to methacrylic acid or acrylic acid respectively is disclosed. The process encompasses contacting a feed gas containing isobutane or propane and oxygen with a specific catalyst which is composed of molybdenum, antimony and phosphorus combined with oxygen. The atomic ratio of molybdenum to antimony to phosphorous is from about 9 to about 24; about 0.25 to about 2; and about 0.75 to about 2 respectively. The catalytic oxidation to methacrylic or acrylic acid is accomplished at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C. The methacrylic or acrylic acid is removed from the feed gases exiting from the reaction zone and the remainder of the exited feed stream may be recycled to again contact the catalyst.

Abstract: A butene may be oxidized in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures to produce acetic acid by reacting the butene with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a composition of the empirical formula:V.sub.f Sb.sub.g X.sub.h Me.sub.i O.sub.Jwherein V is vanadium, Sb is antimony, and O is oxygen, wherein X represents a metal which is one or more of Bi, Nb, Co, Nd, Sm, Zn, Zr or Cr, and wherein Me represents a metal which is one or more of Al, Fe or Sn, the metal represented by Me being optionally present.

Abstract: Isobutane is converted to methacrolein in an integrated two-step process wherein isobutane is dehydrogenated in a first step to isobutylene, hydrogen, and by-products and the reaction effluent is passed directly into a second step where isobutylene is oxidized to methacrolein without significant oxidation of the hydrogen and by-products. The methacrolein and by-products may be separated and the unreacted isobutylene and isobutane recycled to the first step. Alternatively, the effluent from the second step may be used as feed to a further oxidation step for conversion of methacrolein to methacrylic acid. In one embodiment, the hydrogen produced in the first step is oxidized using the excess oxygen from the second step under conditions selected to avoid loss of the C.sub.4 components. In an alternative embodiment, the unreacted isobutane and isobutylene are absorbed and separated from the remaining components before being recycled to the first step.