Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus of the loop Venturi reactor type for the continuous reaction of liquids with gases, in particular for hydrogenations, oxidations or acetylations, e.g. for the preparation of toluenediamine by hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene, and a process for the continuous reaction of liquid reactants with gaseous reactants in the apparatus. Here, the cooling medium surrounds the tubes of the heat exchanger of the apparatus of the invention whereas the reaction takes place in the tubes.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) wherein R is methyl or ethyl, having floral, green odor notes, their use as fragrance and perfumed products comprising them.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of general formula I represented below: wherein: R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched C1 to C5 alkyl group; m is an integer between 1 and 4; n is an integer between 2 and 4; characterized in that the ring is saturated and comprises from 5 to 8 carbons, that the total number of carbons of the ring and of the radicals R1, R2 and R3 is between 7 and 11 and it being understood that said compound of formula (I) is not: 6-cycloheptylidenehexanal 4-(4-methylcyclohexylidene)-butanal 4-(4-tert-butylcyclohexylidene)-butanal 4-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene)-butanal as well as a method of synthesizing said compounds, and their uses in perfumery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing cycloheptene and derivatives thereof by ring-closing metathesis of unsymmetric 1,8-dienes whose C—C double bond at the 8 position is nonterminal. Cycloheptene and the cycloheptanone, cycloheptylamine, cycloheptanecarbaldehyde, cycloheptanecarboxylic acid and cycloheptanecarbonyl chloride conversion products thereof, and the derivatives thereof, are important synthesis units for active ingredient compounds. The ring-closing metathesis is preferably performed as a reactive distillation. The unsymmetric 1,8-dienes for the ring-closing metathesis can be obtained by catalytic decarbonylation or oxidative decarboxylation from the corresponding unsaturated carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for adsorbing carbon dioxide onto porous metal-organic framework materials, a method for cooling porous metal-organic framework materials, a method for obtaining aldehyde using porous metal-organic framework materials and a method for warming porous metal-organic framework materials. In each method, porous metal-organic framework materials are used while an electric field or an electromagnetic field is applied to the porous metal-organic framework materials, or while a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field is applied to the porous metal-organic framework materials. If an electric field is applied, at least one organic compound included in the porous metal-organic framework materials is a polar compound. Instead, if a magnetic field is applied, at least one metal included in the porous metal-organic framework materials has an unpaired electron.

Abstract: An aldehyde of formula (I) in the form of any one of its stereoisomers or a mixture thereof, wherein each dotted line, independently from each other, represents a single or double bond; n is 0 or 1; R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group; and R3, which can be present in any of positions 2 to 6 of the cyclic moiety, is a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group, or a CH2 group bridging positions 3 and 6. Also, the use of the aldehyde as perfuming ingredient to impart odor notes of the aldehyde, lily of the valley type.

Abstract: An improved process for oxidation of at least one alcohol group of at least one chemical compound to the corresponding carbonyl group. Said process is carried out in the presence of a buffered oxidative hypohalous solution and of a nitroxide oxidation catalyst. It is characteristically carried out within a micro-reactor; the buffered oxidative hypohalous solution being extemporaneously prepared at a buffered pH comprised between 7 and less than 8.5 (7?pH<8.5).

Abstract: Lignin compositions, products produced from them or containing them, methods to produce them, spinning methods, methods to convert lignin to a conversion product and conversion products produced by the methods are described.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) wherein R is methyl or ethyl, having floral, green odor notes, their use as fragrance and perfumed products comprising them.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of general formula I represented below: wherein: R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched C1 to C5 alkyl group; m is an integer between 1 and 4; n is an integer between 2 and 4; characterised in that the ring is saturated and comprises from 5 to 8 carbons, that the total number of carbons of the ring and of the radicals R1, R2 and R3 is between 7 and 11 and it being understood that said compound of formula (I) is not: 6-cycloheptylidenehexanal 4-(4-methylcyclohexylidene)-butanal 4-(4-tert-butylcyclohexylidene)-butanal 4-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene)-butanal as well as a method of synthesising said compounds, and their uses in perfumery.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing optically active 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanal compound (2) by reacting chloroacetaldehyde with aldehyde compound (1) in the presence of optically active pyrrolidine compound (5). wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The invention provides method of producing n-butyraldehyde using recombinant solventogenic bacteria and recombinant microorganisms.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of 6-cyclopentylidenehexane derivatives—6, cyclopentylidenehexan-1-ol and 6-cyclopentylidenehexanal—as sensory agents giving off a fragrance and/or a flavor of interest for a use in perfumery, in cosmetic, in parapharmacy, in detergent industry and in the food industry.

Abstract: There is provided an isoprenoid according to the general formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from H and alkyl; and R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from groups of the general formula (II) and (III) wherein R7 and R8 each represent a group of general formula CO—R9, in which each R9 is independently selected from H, OH, alkyl and alkoxy groups, or R7 and/or R8 present in R3 and R4 and/or in R5 and R6 combine to form a group of the general formula (IV) wherein R10 is selected from OH and alkoxy; or salts thereof. The isoprenoids are of particular use in the preparation of liposomes, for use in the delivery of pharmaceutically active components to a subject human or animal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of catalytic hydrogenation and, more particularly, to a process for the reduction by hydrogenation, using molecular H2, of a C6-C20 conjugated dienal into the corresponding deconjugated enal, characterized in that said process is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system comprising at least a base and at least one complex in the form of a rhodium complex comprising a C34-C60 bidentate diphosphine ligand (L2) coordinating the rhodium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by dehydration of fructose and/or glucose and/or mannose.

Abstract: Methods and systems for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to carboxylic acids, glycols, and carboxylates are disclosed. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (D). Step (A) may introduce water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a solution of an electrolyte and a cathode. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode in the electrochemical cell sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to a carboxylic acid intermediate. Step (D) may contact the carboxylic acid intermediate with hydrogen to produce a reaction product.

Abstract: The present invention provides divinyl ether derivatives capable of releasing in a controlled manner at least one active aldehyde and/or ketone into the surrounding environment. The invention relates to the use of these divinyl ether derivatives as perfuming or flavoring ingredients, as well as to the perfuming compositions and consumer articles containing them.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of using a depolymerization of lignin to create a tiered production of biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels is also described herein. The method described herein may also allow for the selective production of the biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels. Additionally, a reduction of waste products may also be provided from the present method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of purifying organic diphosphite compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel and stable crystalline 1H-1,2,3 triazolium carbenes and metal complexes of 1H-1,2,3 triazolium carbenes. The present invention also provides methods of making 1H-1,2,3 triazolium carbenes and metal complexes of 1H-1,2,3 triazolium carbenes. The present invention also provides methods of using 1H-1,2,3 triazolium carbenes and metal complexes of 1H-1,2,3 triazolium carbenes in catalytic reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

Abstract: A process of making entecavir comprising converting a compound of formula (M5) to entecavir, wherein the two PGs on the formula (M5) are taken together to form an optionally substituted six- or seven-member cyclic ring.

Abstract: A novel odorant of formula (I) wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently selected from H, CH3, and C2H5; X is selected from —CH2OH, —CH2OCOCH3 and —CHO and —CHO, n is selected from 0 and 1. The dotted line represents double bond or single bond.

Abstract: Aldehyde-functionalized polyethers containing thiomethylaldehyde groups are described. Also described is a method of preparing the aldehyde-functionalized polyethers. These functionalized polyethers may be useful for protein conjugation, surface modification, and for the formation of hydrogel adhesives and sealants which are useful for medical applications.

Abstract: A compound comprising a sulfonated dihydrocarbyl(arylalkyl)phosphine of formula R1R2PR3—(SO3M)n, wherein the R1 and R2 are selected individually from alkyl, aralkyl, and alicyclic groups, and R3 is a divalent or polyvalent arylalkylene radical such that the alkyl moiety is bonded to the phosphorus atom and the aryl moiety is bonded to the alkyl and is also substituted with one or more sulfonate groups; M is a monovalent cation, and n ranges from 1 to 3. The compound is useful as a ligand in transition metal-ligand complex catalysts that are capable of catalyzing the hydroformylation of an olefinically-unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form one or more corresponding aldehyde products. The ligand is incapable of alkyl-aryl exchange, thereby leading to reduced ligand usage and improved ligand and transition metal, e.g., rhodium, recovery and recycling.

Abstract: A method for utilizing cultivated plant biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from cultivated plant biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: A method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin from plant-based bioglycerin is described herein. A method of purification of plant-based bioglycerin is also described herein. The method of purification of plant-based bioglycerin described provides methods for desalinating, decolorizing, and/or concentrating plant-based bioglycerin for the production of biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin.

Abstract: A method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin from animal-based bioglycerin is described herein. A method of purification of animal-based bioglycerin is also described herein. The method of purification of animal-based bioglycerin described provides methods for desalinating, decolorizing, and/or concentrating animal-based bioglycerin for the production of biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin.

Abstract: Methods of processing chemicals change their structure, and in particular increase their solubility and/or rate of dissolution, for intermediates and products made from the structurally changed materials. Many of the methods provide materials that can be more readily utilized in reactions or other processes to produce useful intermediates and products, e.g., energy, fuels, foods or materials. Chemicals that are treated using the processes described herein can be used to form highly concentrated solutions. Treatment can change the functionality of the chemical, and thus the polarity of the chemical, which may render the treated chemical soluble in solvents in which the untreated chemical is insoluble or only sparingly or partially soluble. Methods may in some cases increase the solubility of the chemical in water or aqueous media. The chemical may be, for example, a solid, liquid, or gel, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: 3- and 4-Methyl-4-dodecenal, a method of their production and fragrance and flavor compositions comprising at least one of them.

Abstract: This invention relates to a co-oligomer having an Mn of 300 to 30,000 g/mol comprising 10 to 90 mol % propylene and 10 to 90 mol % of ethylene, wherein the oligomer has at least X % allyl chain ends, where: 1) X=(?0.94(mole % ethylene incorporated)+100), when 10 to 60 mole % ethylene is present in the co-oligomer, and 2) X=45, when greater than 60 and less than 70 mole % ethylene is present in the co-oligomer, and 3) X=(1.83*(mole % ethylene incorporated)?83), when 70 to 90 mole % ethylene is present in the co-oligomer. This invention also relates to a homo-oligomer, comprising propylene, wherein the oligomer has: at least 93% allyl chain ends, an Mn of about 500 to about 20,000 g/mol, an isobutyl chain end to allylic vinyl group ratio of 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.0, and less than 100 ppm aluminum. This invention also relates to a process of making homo-oligomer, comprising propylene, wherein the productivity is greater than 4500 g/mmol Hf (or Zr)/hour.

Abstract: A compound comprising a sulfonated triorganophosphine of formula R1R2PR3[SO3M)]n, wherein R1 and R2 are selected individually from alkyl, aralkyl, and alicyclic groups; wherein R3 represents a branched divalent or polyvalent, alkylene or alicyclic radical that is bonded to the phosphorus atom and to one or more sulfonate substituents, and further wherein R3 does not contain any aryl moieties; M represents a monovalent cation; and n is an integer representing a total number of sulfonated substituents. The compound is useful as a ligand in transition metal-ligand complex catalysts that are capable of catalyzing the hydroformylation of an olefinically-unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form one or more corresponding aldehyde products. The ligand is incapable of alkyl-aryl exchange, thereby leading to reduced ligand usage and improving ligand and transition metal, e.g., rhodium, recovery and recycling, as compared with prior art ligands.

Abstract: This invention relates to a co-oligomer having an Mn of 300 to 30,000 g/mol comprising 10 to 90 mol % propylene and 10 to 90 mol % of ethylene, wherein the oligomer has at least X % allyl chain ends, where: 1) X=(?0.94 (mole % ethylene incorporated)+100), when 10 to 60 mole % ethylene is present in the co-oligomer, and 2) X=45, when greater than 60 and less than 70 mole % ethylene is present in the co-oligomer, and 3) X=(1.83*(mole % ethylene incorporated)?83), when 70 to 90 mole % ethylene is present in the co-oligomer. This invention also relates to a homo-oligomer, comprising propylene, wherein the oligomer has: at least 93% allyl chain ends, an Mn of about 500 to about 20,000 g/mol, an isobutyl chain end to allylic vinyl group ratio of 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.0, and less than 100 ppm aluminum. This invention also relates to a process of making homo-oligomer, comprising propylene, wherein the productivity is greater than 4500 g/mmol Hf (or Zr)/hour.

Abstract: Amido-fluorophosphite compounds and catalyst systems comprising at least one amido-fluorophosphite ligand compound in combination with a transition metal are described. Moreover, the use of amido-fluorophosphite containing catalysts for transition metal catalyzed processes, especially to the hydroformylation of various olefins to produce aldehydes are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing cycloheptene and derivatives thereof by ring-closing metathesis of unsymmetric 1,8-dienes whose C—C double bond at the 8 position is nonterminal. Cycloheptene and the cycloheptanone, cycloheptylamine, cycloheptanecarbaldehyde, cycloheptanecarboxylic acid and cycloheptanecarbonyl chloride conversion products thereof, and the derivatives thereof, are important synthesis units for active ingredient compounds. The ring-closing metathesis is preferably performed as a reactive distillation. The unsymmetric 1,8-dienes for the ring-closing metathesis can be obtained by catalytic decarbonylation or oxidative decarboxylation from the corresponding unsaturated carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives.

Abstract: The present application relates to perfume raw materials, perfume delivery systems and consumer products comprising such perfume raw materials and/or such perfume delivery systems, as well as processes for making and using such perfume raw materials, perfume delivery systems and consumer products. Such perfume raw materials and compositions, including the delivery systems, disclosed herein expand the perfume communities' options as such perfume raw materials can provide variations on character and such compositions can provide desired odor profiles.

Abstract: A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass is treated with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates. The pretreated biomass is contacted, with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to less than 300° C. in the presence of a pH buffering agent and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a suitable support, to form a plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention provides magnetic nanoparticles comprising a core, wherein the nanoparticles comprise at least one therapeutic agent linked to the core via a hydrazone linkage or via an oxime ether linkage, methods for making said nanoparticles, and methods for using said nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing neral (cis-citral) in pure or enriched form by distillatively separating neral from substance mixtures comprising essentially neral and geranial (trans-citral). This distillative separation is performed in a dividing wall column or in a connection of two distillation columns in the form of a thermal coupling.

Abstract: The present invention claims fluoro- & iodo-containing aldehydes as ALDH substrates for use as diagnostic imaging agents or as therapeutic agents. The aldehydes are both directly and indirectly attached to an aromatic or a straight chain ring. ALDH activity was monitored either by the formation of acid-product or consumption of aldehyde substrates.

Abstract: A system and process for separating methacrolein (MA) from methacrylic acid (MAA) and acetic acid in the gas phase product from partial oxidation of isobutylene (IB) in two oxidation steps is disclosed. The process and system maximize recovery of all three components at minimum capital and energy cost, under conditions that minimize polymerization conditions and plugging by solids deposition in compressors, columns, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel aldehydes and nitriles from isophorone with general formula (I) having a specific fragrance (Formula I) (I), as well as to the use of said compounds in perfumery.

Abstract: A catalyst-coated support including a sheetlike support, a primer layer applied thereto and composed of nanoparticles composed of silicon oxide-comprising material, and at least one catalyst layer applied to the primer layer. The layers applied are notable for a particularly good adhesive bond strength and can be used particularly efficiently in heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions, especially in microreactors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cycloalkyl-hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, Syndrome X, thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient.

Abstract: A process for removing degradation acids from a catalyst solution comprising a phosphorus-containing hydroformylation ligand used in a hydroformylation reaction is described. The process involves using a supported epoxy compound. Also described is a hydroformylation process that includes the degradation acids removal process.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

Abstract: A caged phosphine product is provided which can act as a ligand to form a metal complex. The metal complex can be used as a catalyst.

Abstract: A method is disclosed including co-processing a biomass feedstock and a refinery feedstock in a refinery unit. The method can include producing a liquid product by catalytically cracking or hyrocracking or hydrotreating a biomass feedstock and a refinery feedstock in a refinery unit having a fluidized reactor. Catalytically cracking can include transferring hydrogen from the refinery feedstock to carbon and oxygen from the biomass feedstock. Hydrocracking or hydrotreating can include transferring hydrogen from a hydrogen source to carbon and oxygen from the biomass feedstock, and to carbon from the refinery feedstock.