Abstract: The present invention relates to a conjugate comprising oxyntomodulin, an immunoglobulin Fc region, and non-peptidyl polymer wherein the conjugate being obtainable by covalently linking oxyntomodulin to immunoglobulin Fc region via non-peptidyl polymer, and a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of obesity comprising the conjugates. The conjugate comprising oxyntomodulin and the immunoglobulin Fc of the present invention reduces food intake, suppresses gastric emptying, and facilitates lipolysis without side-effects, unlike native oxyntomodulin, and also shows excellent receptor-activating effects and long-term sustainability, compared to native oxyntomodulin. Thus, it can be widely used in the treatment of obesity with safety and efficacy.

Abstract: Novel polyglycerol aldehyde polymers are described. The polymers comprise glycerol monomers connected by ether linkages and have 3 to about 170 aldehyde groups per molecule. The polyglycerol aldehydes may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: Provided herein are polymeric ?-hydroxy aldehyde or ?-hydroxy ketone reagents which can be conjugated to amine-containing compounds to form stable conjugates in a single-step reaction. In selected embodiments, the polymeric reagent itself incorporates an internal proton-abstracting (basic) functional group, to promote more efficient reaction. The substituent is appropriately situated, via a linker if necessary, to position the group for proton abstraction, preferably providing a 4- or 5-bond spacing between the abstracting atom and the hydrogen atom on the ?-carbon. Also provided are methods of using the reagents and stable, solubilized conjugates of the reagents with biologically active compounds. In preferred embodiments, the polymeric component of the reagent or conjugate is a polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to alkanal derivatives of water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol), their corresponding hydrates and acetals, and to methods for preparing and using such polymer alkanals. The polymer alkanals of the invention are prepared in high purity and exhibit storage stability.

Abstract: The present invention is related to substituted butanol derivatives of the formula: wherein R is an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 straight chain alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 branched chain alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 straight chain alkenyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 branched chain alkenyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkoxy, nitrile, halo, amino, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylamino, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 dialkylamino, carboxy-C1-6 alkylamino, carboxy-C1-6 dialkylamino, an unsubstituted or substituted acetoxy, carboxy, an unsubstituted or substituted carboxyethyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarboxy, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylthio, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkyloxy, carboxamido, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarboxamido or an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 dialkylcarboxa

Abstract: Aldehyde and ketone reactants are converted to hydroxyaldehydes, polyhydroxyaldehydes, hydroxyketones and/or polyhydroxyketones in liquid phase by an aldol condensation process where a selected product carbon chain length is produced using specific concentrations of soluble inorganic base at sub-ambient temperature.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to alkanal derivatives of water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol), their corresponding hydrates and acetals, and to methods for preparing and using such polymer alkanals. The polymer alkanals of the invention are prepared in high purity and exhibit storage stability.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the novel aldehyde compounds, represented by the general structure of Formula I set forth below: wherein R is a straight, branched hydrocarbon moiety consisting of 3 to 10 carbon atoms and may contain one or more oxygen heteroatom.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel heterobifunctional and monobifunctional polyethylene glycol derivatives for the pegylation of therapeutically active proteins. The heterobifunctional PEGs which bear two different functional groups as well as the monobifunctional PEGs which contain two similar functional groups, may be used for cross-linking purposes. The cross-linking may be intramolecular between two areas within the same molecule or intermolecular between two separate molecules. The pegylated protein conjugates that are produced, retain a substantial portion of their therapeutic activity and are less immunogenic than the protein from which the conjugate is derived. New syntheses for preparing such bifunctional derivatives are described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to alkanal derivatives of water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol), their corresponding hydrates and acetals, and to methods for preparing and using such polymer alkanals. The polymer alkanals of the invention are prepared in high purity and exhibit storage stability.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel monofunctional polyethylene glycol aldehydes for the pegylation of therapeutically active proteins. The pegylated protein conjugates that are produced, retain a substantial portion of their therapeutic activity and are less immunogenic than the protein from which the conjugate is derived. New syntheses for preparing such aldehydes are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel monofunctional polyethylene glycol aldehydes for the pegylation of therapeutically active proteins. The pegylated protein conjugates that are produced, retain a substantial portion of their therapeutic activity and are less immunogenic than the protein from which the conjugate is derived. New syntheses for preparing such aldehydes are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel monofunctional polyethylene glycol aldehydes for the pegylation of therapeutically active proteins. The pegylated protein conjugates that are produced, retain a substantial portion of their therapeutic activity and are less immunogenic than the protein from which the conjugate is derived. New syntheses for preparing such aldehydes are described.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for preparing, in high purity and high yield, heterobifunctional derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) or related polymers. A chromatographic purification step is not necessary in the method. In accordance with the method of the invention, an intermediate polymer having a formula of W-Poly-OH is provided bearing a removable group W at one terminus. The intermediate polymer W-Poly-OH is first altered by modifying the OH group to a first functional group X, followed by the removal of W to generate a second hydroxyl group. The latter hydroxyl group may then be further converted to a second functional group Y, thus providing the desired heterobifunctional derivative.

Abstract: A method for producing alcoxylated carbonyl compounds of general formula (I) (compounds I): R1aR2C(OR3)b wherein R1, R2 represent hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, R3 independently means C1-C6-alkyl, a is 0 or 1, b 2 or 3 with the proviso that the sum of a and b is 3, by means of anodic oxidation of germinal dialcoxy compounds of general formula (II) (compounds II) wherein R4, R5, R6, R7 represent hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, R5, R6 represent C1-C6-alkyl or C1-C6-alcoxy, in the presence of a C1-C6-alkyl alcohol (compounds III). A usual compound (compound IV) is used as a cathodic depolarizer suitable for electrochemical oxidation. The anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction is carried out in an undivided electrolyte cell in the presence of C1-C6-alkyl alcohols.

Abstract: Hydrofluoroethers of formula:

Abstract: Reaction products of the reaction between reactants comprised of the following:

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for the preparation of glyceraldehyde, or an acetal or a hemiacetal thereof, characterized in that 3-butene-1,2-diol is dissolved in a lower alkanol and is subjected to ozonolysis to obtain a 3-hydroperoxy-3-alkoxy-propane-1,2-diol, which is subjected to a reductive treatment to obtain a hemiacetal of glyceraldehyde, which optionally may be converted into glyceraldehyde or an acetal or hemiacetal thereof, and to a process wherein the hemiacetal of glyceraldehyde is converted to a 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol derivative, by subjecting the hemiacetal of glyceraldehyde to a reductive treatment in the presence of ammonia or a primary or secondary amine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 2,2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkanal and 2,2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkanoic acid as raw materials for dimethylol alkanoic acids or trimethylol alkanes, which are useful for the production of polyesters, polyurethanes, alkyd resins and the like, in an industrially advantageous manner.

Abstract: Conjugated diene compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## which are industrially advantageous intermediates for preparing sarcophytol A useful as an anticarcinogenic promotor or antitumor agent are provided.

Abstract: The bis-homotris compounds 4-amino-4-[1-(3-hydroxypropyl)]-1,7-heptanediol and 4-[1-(3-aminopropyl)]-4-[1-(3-hydroxypropyl)]-1, 7-heptanediol, and organic synthetic methods for their preparation are described. Unique multifunctional aminotriols, as well as their percursors, quaternary nitroalkanes are disclosed as building blocks for unimolecular micelles, as well as new series of cascade polymers. The quaternary nitro compounds which are disclosed allow the synthesis of a new aminotriol containing a quaternary carbon.

Abstract: The preparation of 2,3-dialkoxypropanals of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl or C.sub.5 - or C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl which may or may not bear substituents which are inert under the conditions of the reaction, wherein a 1,2-dialkoxy ethene of the general formula IIR.sup.1 O--HC.dbd.CH--OR.sup.2 (II)is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium-containing catalyst.

Abstract: Optically active periplanone-B is manufactured through oxidizing (1RS, 4S, 5E)-isopropyl-7-methylene-5-cyclodecene-1-ol. The oxidized product is regioselectively enolized and then sulfenylated. The sulfenylated product is oxidized and then subjected to decomposition of the sulfoxide. The decomposed product is epoxidated, and the epoxidated product is converted into an enolate which is then oxidized. The oxidized product is oxidized and then regio- and stereoselectively epoxidated to obtain optically active periplanone-B.

Abstract: Fatty ethers are provided which are lower alkyl ethers cyano-substituted lower alkyl ethers, ester ethers or amide ethers of fatty alcohols substituted with at least one of the following substituents: formyl, methylol, or acryloxymethyl. The substituted fatty ethers are useful as monomers in a wide variety of polymer systems.

Abstract: Described are ether carboxaldehydes defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein X represents aryl, alkaryl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, lower alkyl or bicycloalkyl; wherein Y represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkylene; wherein Z completes an alkyl substituted C.sub.6 cycloalkyl ring or represents no moiety; wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl; wherein m represents 0 or 1; wherein n represents 0 or 1; wherein p represents 0 or 1 and wherein q represents 0 or 1 with the provisos that when m is 1, Z completes the alkyl substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.

Abstract: Novel ether-aldols of the general formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl, can be prepared by reacting a 2-alkylacrolein (H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHR.sup.2 --CHO), an alcohol (R.sup.1 OH) and formaldehyde, preferably aqueous formaldehyde, in the presence of a tertiary amine.

Abstract: Described are ether carboxaldehydes defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein X represents aryl, alkaryl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, lower alkyl or bicycloalkyl; wherein Y represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkylene; wherein Z completes an alkyl substituted C.sub.6 cycloalkyl ring or represents no moiety; wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl; wherein m represents 0 or 1; wherein n represents 0 or 1; wherein p represents 0 or 1 and wherein q represents 0 or 1 with the provisos that when m is 1, Z completes the alkyl substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a two-functional-group-containing terpenoid having the general formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 5, R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl or carboxyl group, and A represents the hydrogen atom, or a 2-tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, methoxymethol or methoxyethoxymethyl group comprising the oxidation with a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia. Some of the terpenoids are of value as anti-ulcer agents, while others are useful as intermediates.

Abstract: Bis-tert.-butoxypentanals and bis-tert.butoxypentanols of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, one X is --CHO or --CH.sub.2 OH and the others are H.

Abstract: Tert.-butoxybutanals and tert.-butoxybutanols (I) and bis-tert.-butoxypentanals and bis-tert.-butoxypentanols (II) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, one X is --CHO or --CH.sub.2 OH and the others are H.These compounds, which are valuable as fragrances and for use in organic syntheses are obtained by hydro-formylating the ethers (III) and bis-ethers (IV), respectively, using Rh catalysts.

Abstract: Aldehyde ethers of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each, independently of the other, represent a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radical, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each, independently of the other, represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl radical, or wherein R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radical, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5-membered or 6-membered cycloaliphatic ring, and R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl radical, and wherein Y represents --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --C.sub.2 or --CH.sub.2 --CH (CH.sub.3)--, are prepared by hydroformylation of a corresponding compound of formula: ##STR2## by reaction with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, e.g. a rhodium complex catalyst. Preferred compounds include 4-t-butoxybutyraldehyde and 3-t-butoxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a two-functional-group-containing terpenoid having the general formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 5, R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl or carboxyl group, and A represents the hydrogen atom, or a 2-tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, methoxymethol or methoxyethoxymethyl group comprising the oxidation with a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia. Some of the terpenoids are of value as anti-ulcer agents, while others are useful as intermediates.

Abstract: The invention includes novel alkali metal complex compounds (and processes for their preparation) which are useful, inter alia for the hydrogenation of alkali metals at room temperature or below room temperature to form hydrides or nitrides.

Abstract: This invention concerns a new class of compositions for the sizing of paper and the method of treating paper using such compositions. Such new compositions comprise the reaction products of glyoxal and a hydrophobe which contains at least one hydroxyl group. Such compositions can be used either for internal or surface sizing.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel hydroperoxide derivatives of hydroxyethylated compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## a-whole number 10 to 30, b, c are absent, R=n-alkyl from C.sub.8 to C.sub.20, secondary alkyl of C.sub.14, C.sub.15 and ##STR2## where R.sub.2 =n-alkyl from C.sub.8 to C.sub.12 ##STR3## where R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 =R.sub.8 --C.dbd.O, where R.sub.8 =--CH.sub.3 or H, if R.sub.6,7,9 =H R.sub.5 is absent or ##STR4## where R.sub.9 =--CH.sub.3 or H, if R.sub.6,7,8 =H, R.sub.5 is absent; R.sub.10 =n-alkyl of C.sub.1 to C.sub.9 of R.sub.3 .noteq.R.sub.4 R.sub.5 =--CH.sub.2 if R.sub.6,7,8,9 =H; if R.sub.5 is absent, R.sub.1 is acyclic and is ##STR5## R.sub.6 =--CH.sub.3 or H, if R.sub.7,8,9 =H, R.sub.5 is absent, R.sub.7 =--CH.sub.3 or H, if R.sub.6,8,9 =H, R.sub.5 is absent, with x=--O--, b-whole number of 8 to 24, (a+c)-whole number of 6 to 30R=R.sub.

Abstract: Formals of CH.sub.2 OH(CHOH).sub.n CH.sub.2 OH polyols (n=2 to 4) are prepared in less than 15 minutes by heating to about 125.degree. C., a mixture of e.g. sorbitol and paraformaldehyde in slight excess (5 to 10%), in the presence of e.g. sulfuric acid in catalytic quantities. Elution with methanol and filtration yield the pure solid cyclic triformal. The process can be carried in stages, using almost stoichiometric quantities of paraformaldehyde, but without any change in overall heating time.

Abstract: Synthesis and intermediates for making an insect pheromone useful in the control of the yellow scale.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the purification of aqueous solutions of low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds containing calcium or lead compounds or mixtures thereof. Methanol and a precipitant for calcium and/or lead ions in a quantity equivalent to the ions to be removed are added to the solutions. The deposits thus formed are removed and the residual solutions are treated with a cation exchanger followed by distillation of the low-boiling fractions. The distillation sump which essentially contains the low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds is then treated with an anion exchanger.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,2-dimethylolalkanals is disclosed wherein formaldehyde is reacted with an aldehyde of the formulaRCH.sub.2 CHO (I)whereinR denotes a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical with up to 12 carbon atoms where the radical can be substituted by an alkyl or alkoxy group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms in each case wherein the molar ratio of aldehyde of formula I to formaldehyde is 1:8 to 20, the reaction being carried out at a temperature in the range of 5.degree. to 100.degree. C. in the presence of 0.01 to 0.5 mol (per mol of aldehyde of formula (I)) of a catalyst consisting essentially of a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or an unbranched tertiary aliphatic amine.

Abstract: A storage stable composition of glutaraldehyde acetals and an organic acidic catalyst, which can be converted to glutaraldehyde at the site and upon demand, by the addition of water.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for the preparation of 2,2-dimethylolalkanal of the formula ##STR1## where R denotes an optionally substituted aliphatic radical by reacting 2-alkylacrylaldehyde with formaldehyde in presence of water and a base, the improvement residing in employing an aldehyde of the formula ##STR2## wherein R has the meaning indicated above and a mol ratio of the same to formaldehyde of 1:8-30 at a temperature in the range from -10 to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to mixtures, in the form of relatively low viscosity liquids at room temperature, of formose, aldehydes and/or ketones aldolated in the .alpha.-position and, optionally, water and/or crystalline mono- or di-saccharides, and to the use of these mixtures for the production of polyurethane plastics, particularly foams.