Abstract: Polyether polyols are decolorized by heating to a temperature in excess of 95.degree. C. in the presence of water and air. The resulting polyols have minimal residual color, and can be used to prepare polyurethanes having low color.

Abstract: Block polymers usable as defoamers have the following formula ##STR1## in which R represents a glycerol or polyglycerol function having a degree of polymerization x of from 1 to 6 and the indices y is equal to (x-z+2), z is equal to (x-y+2), a is equal to 1 to 15, b is equal to 50 to 200 c is equal to 1 to 15, d is equal to 20 to 150 and e is equal to 1 to 15, with the proviso that the sums (a+c+e) is equal to 2 to 20, (b+d) is equal to 50 to 250 and (c+e) is equal to 1 to 15, and y has a value of at least 1.The block polymers are prepared by reaction of glycerol or polyglycerol having a degree of polymerization x with ethylene oxide, then with propylene oxide and, finally, again with ethylene oxide, preferably in the presence of alkaline etherification catalysts.

Abstract: Six-membered ring compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein A is a benzene or cyclohexane ring,X.sup.1 to X.sup.6 independently of one another in each case are H, --OR, --COOR, --SR, --SOR, --SO.sub.2 R or, if A is a cyclohexane ring, also --O--COR, andR is in each case an alkyl group which has up to 15 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by O atoms, at least three of the substituents X.sup.1 to X.sup.6 being other than H,can be used as constituents of discotic liquid-crystal phases for liquid-crystal display elements.

Abstract: Aliphatic chlorine compounds of the formulaX--R.sup.1 --Cl Iwhere R.sup.1 is alkylene which may be interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms and which may be substituted by halogen, alkyl or aryl, and X is hydrogen, chlorine or OR.sup.2, where R.sup.2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, are prepared by decarboxylating chloroformic acid esters or diesters at elevated temperatures by decarboxylating in the presence of a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt as catalyst.

Abstract: Active-hydrogen compounds, for example, primary and secondary alcohols or diols, are alkoxylated, for example, ethoxylated, using solid anion-bound metal oxide catalysts, such as, zirconium oxysulfate catalyst. Hydrous zicronium oxide is treated with solutions of sulfate phosphate, nitrate or tetrafluoroborate and calcined in air at 300.degree. to 950.degree. C. to produce highly active heterogeneous alkoxylation catalysts. The amorphous catalysts afford narrow molecular weight products. The catalyst can be removed from the product by filtration and reused with no significant loss in activity. Reaction temperatures of 50.degree. to 140.degree. C. are employed for alkoxylation.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--CH.sub.2 --Q--(Cy).sub.m --O--(CO).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereR.sup.1 denotes alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- or --CH.dbd.CH--,R.sup.2 denotes H, alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO-- or --CO--O--,Cy denotes trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneQ denotes --CH.sub.2 -- or --O--,m denotes 1 or 2, andn denotes 0 or 1,are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: Organic haloformate, e.g., chloroformate, compounds are converted to their corresponding halides, e.g., chlorides, by heating the haloformate, e.g., between 90.degree. C. and 150.degree. C., in the presence of a catalytic amount of a carbon catalyst for a time sufficient to convert the haloformate to the corresponding halide.

Abstract: This invention is directed to adducts of a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound and a polyepoxide comprising the reaction product of a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound and a polyepoxide containing two or more epoxy groups per molecule, said poly(active hydrogen) organic compound being employed in an amount at least sufficient to effect substantially complete reaction of the epoxy groups of the polyepoxide. The adducts are useful in the formulation of high solids coating compositions, polyurethane elastomers, inks, sealants, adhesives and the like.

Abstract: Poly-2-methyl-1,3-propylene ether glycol has at least two repeating units of --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --O-- and hydroxyl groups at both ends. It is applicable as the soft segment component for polyester and polyurethane, and resin materials in various fields.

Abstract: New bicyclohexyls of the formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--Cy--R.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl which has 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 group(s) can be replaced by O atoms, and Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene,are suitable for use as the components of liquid-crystal dielectrics.

Abstract: Organic chloroformate compounds are decomposed to their corresponding chlorides by heating the chloroformate, e.g., between 100.degree. and 175.degree. C., in the presence of a catalytic amount of solid poly(vinylpyridine), e.g., poly(4-vinylpyridine), for a time sufficient to convert the chloroformate to the corresponding chloride.

Abstract: Water soluble thickeners made by alkoxylating monohydric alcohol hydrophobes are described. The monohydric alcohol should have at least 18 carbon atoms to be properly hydrophobic. In addition, a large proportion of ethylene oxide must be added, such that the molar ratio of ethylene oxide to monohydric alcohol hydrophobe is at least 40:1. Improved results are obtained if 8-15 moles of propylene oxide are added as a block to the single mole of hydrophobe first. The alkoxylations are necessary to provide the desired viscosities and hydrophilic nature. These thickeners are particularly useful in the glycol-water based fluids of this invention.

Abstract: A process is presented for extracting polar organic compounds, in particular lower aliphatic alcohols, out of their aqueous solutions, which is based on the use of fluids which contain a significant amount of polyoxaalkanols, polyoxaalkanediols and/or polyoxaalkanepolyols. These compounds, by virtue of their high molar masses, their low solubility in water and their good affinity for polar organic compounds, are particularly suitable for use as extractants.

Abstract: Catalysts producing a sharply peaked alkoxylation distribution during the alkoxylation of organic materials comprise mixtures of BF.sub.3 and metal alkyls or metal alkoxides, SiF.sub.4 and metal alkyls or metal alkoxides, or mixtures of these catalysts.

Abstract: Polyethylene glycol ethers of the type obtained by the addition of from 4 to 20 parts by weight of ethylene oxide onto 1 part by weight of polyglycerol having a hydroxyl number in the range from 900 to 1200 and subsequent etherification of the free hydroxyl groups with linear or branched alkyl halides containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and their use as foam-inhibiting additives for low-foam cleaning agents.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to compositions containing (a) a high-foaming nonionic surfactant and (b) a foam reducing amount of a polyoxyalkylene compound of the formula:Y[(A).sub.m --(B).sub.n H].sub.2wherein Y is the residue formed by the removal of two atoms of active hydrogen from an initiator having a total of not more than 20 carbon atoms, preferably butanediol; A is a hydrophobic, heteric mixture of an oxytetramethylene radical, derived from tetramethylene oxide and a vicinal alkylene oxide radical derived from propylene oxide, B is primarily C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O; n is an integer such that the total weight of said B is about 5 to about 40 percent by weight of the total oxyalkylene residue weight of the compound and the total molecular weight of the hydrophobe, 2m is about 1000 to 3000.

Abstract: Fluorinated alcohols are alkyoxylated using catalysts which provide reaction products having low surface tensions and which are stable in severe acidic conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to ethoxylates of diacetylene dialcohols as well as the use of these compounds as surfactants.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of hydroxyl-terminated poly(haloalkylene ethers) is disclosed wherein a catalyst system comprising a fluorinated acid and a polyvalent tin compound is utilized.

Abstract: Metal or metalloid salts, ansolvo-acids and proton-acids can be so complexed with 1,2,3-triols, glycerol ethers or glycerol thioethers containing at least 6 C atoms in the molecule that they are in the form of compositions which are soluble in organic solvents, especially non-polar, aprotic solvents, such as hydrocarbons. These stable compositions display an outstanding anti-static action and, because of their spectrum of properties, are especially suitable for imparting anti-static characteristics to polymers, lubricants, fuels and also solvents based on hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process to form glycol ethers by reacting an organic compound (A) having at least one aliphatic hydroxyl group with an oxirane compound (B) under reaction conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of a polymeric material that is substantially insoluble in the reaction mixture, said polymeric material having a plurality of pendant sulfonate moieties with divalent metal counterions. Preferential formation of the mono adduct of glycol ethers is noted.

Abstract: A method of preparing polyether polyols in the 200-1000 molecular weight range by modifying a polyol initiator with an epoxy resin and one or more alkylene oxides is described. The modified polyols may be used in preparing rigid isocyanurate foams with improved compressability and flammability properties.

Abstract: A new process for preparing 1-(3-oxo-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-1,4-pentadien-3-ol, a intermediate for canthaxanthin, from hydroxy-.beta.-ionone.

Abstract: Active hydrogen-containing fluorochemical is used as a foam stabilizer for polyurethane foams. For example, rigid or flexible polyurethane foams with high or low density and uniform cellular structure are prepared using fluoroaliphatic radical-substituted poly(oxyalkylene) polyols as foam stabilizers.

Abstract: Mono- and polyalkylene glycol diethers are prepared by reacting the corresponding alkyl monethers with a C.sub.5-6 cycloalkene in the presence of an acid ion-exchange resin.

Abstract: Covers a method of preparing polyether polyols useful in making a polyisocyanurate polymer by oxyalkylating an alcohol by the catalytic addition of an alkylene oxide to said alcohol in presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of carbamate salts, aminophenols, hexahydro-s-triazines and tetrahydrooxadiazines.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of an olefin oxide polymerization catalyst comprising:(i) admixing calcium, ammonia, an alkylene oxide modifier, and an organic nitrile modifier, the alkylene oxide consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxirane oxygen atoms and the organic nitrile consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms, at least one hydrogen atom being acidic, to form a slurry of modified calcium hexammine in ammonia; and(ii) evaporating ammonia to provide a solid residue,the improvement comprising:aging the solid residue at a temperature in the range of about 150.degree. C. to about 225.degree. C.

Abstract: A unit dosage form comprising one or more active ingredients and a water-soluble binder in which the water-soluble binder comprises, as a main component, a product obtained by condensing a polyoxyethylene alkyl, alkylphenyl or alkenyl ether having the following formula (I):r-o--(ch.sub.2 ch.sub.2 o).sub.n H (I)wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or alkylphenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and n is an integer of from 50 to 500, with 1-epoxyethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane having the following formula (II): ##STR1## the molar ratio of the compound of the formula (II) to the compound of the formula (I) being in the range of from 0.05 to 2.5.

Abstract: A process for preparing non-ionic surface active agents comprises condensing crude glycidol, in the presence of an alkaline catalyst on an organic compound containing an active hydrogen atom. The crude glycidol is prepared by dehydrochlorinating glycerol monochlorohydrin with sodium or potassium hydroxide in the presence of a solvent, neutralizing excess sodium or potassium hydroxide with a strong acid and separating the major portion of the sodium or potassium chloride formed.