Abstract: The compositions 3-alkylated-5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-2,2′-binaphthol and 3,3′-dialkylated-5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-2,2′-binaphthol are disclosed, as well as various processes for making them, all involving the alkylation of 5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-2,2′-binaphthol.

Abstract: The invention provides B-ring expanded estra-1,3,5(10)-triene compounds of general formula (1) which modulate the polymerization of tubulin and/or the depolymerization of microtubules. The compounds have anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity. The invention also provides methods of preparing the compounds, and methods of using the compounds for the treatment of cancer or other mammalian diseases characterized by undesirable angiogenesis. The compounds of the invention are also expected to have utility as research tools.

Abstract: The invention provides non-steroidal estrogenic compounds with estrogenic and anti-estrogenic compounds effects for treatment of estrogen-deficiency related disorders, which compounds are having formula (I) wherein, one of Ra or Rb is 'Re; Re and 'Re are OH, optionally independently etherified or esterified; X is N or —C(R1)—, wherein R1 is H1 halogen, CN, optionally substituted aryl, (1C-4C)alkyl, (2C-4C)alkenyl, (2C-4C)alkynyl or (3C-6C)cycloalkyl, which alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl groups can optionally be substituted with one or more halogens; Y is N or —C(R2)—, with the proviso that X and Y are not both N, wherein R2 has the same meaning as defined for R1; Z is C(R3,'R3)— or —C(R4,∝R4)—C(R5,'R5)—, wherein R3, 'R3, R4, 'R4, R5, and 'R5, independently arc H, (1C-4C)alkyl, (2C-4C)alkenyl or (3C-6C) cycloalkyl, which alkyl, alkenyl and cycloalkyl groups can optionally be substituted with one or more halogens.

Abstract: Disclosed are the general principles upon which closed molecular or ionic structural frameworks may be prepared. These frameworks are based upon the self-assembly (wherein the term self-assembly refers to the association of chemical components through inter-component bonds) of n>4 subunits where surface curvature is supplied by edge sharing of subunits.

Abstract: Hydroxyphenyl adamantanes are represented by the general formula (1): 1

Abstract: The compositions 3-alkylated-5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-2,2′-binaphthol and 3,3′-dialkylated-5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-2,2′-binaphthol are disclosed, as well as various processes for making them, all involving the alkylation of 5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-2,2′-binaphthol.

Abstract: In order to provide a novel optically active binaphthol derivative useful as an asymmetric catalyst or the like, with which a higher reaction yield and a higher optical yield (selectivity) may be attained in asymmetric synthesis, an asymmetric catalyst using the same and a method of asymmetric synthesis, an optically active fluorinated binaphthol derivative represented by the following formula (I) (wherein R1 and R2 each represent a fluorinated hydrocarbon group) was synthesized.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein [X] represents aromatic carbocyclic rings (A) and (B), where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are as defined in the description, salts thereof, a method and intermediates for preparing same, the use thereof as drugs, and pharmaceutical compositions containing same, are disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation and purification of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-5-ol. Accordingly, isopropenylphenol, its dimers or oligomers undergo isomerization in the presence of an acid catalyst, the reaction mixture is optionally neutralized by adding a base and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyly)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-5-ol is isolated from the reaction mixture by fractional distillation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation and purification of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-5-ol. Accordingly, isopropenylphenol, its dimers or oligomers undergo isomerization in the presence of an acid catalyst, the reaction mixture is optionally neutralized by adding a base and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-5-ol is isolated by recrystallization.

Abstract: Novel polyindanebisphenols or PIBPs for the preparation of new and improved thermosetting polymers having the general formula of ##STR1## are provided. Also disclosed are thermoplastic or thermoset compositions prepared using the novel compounds of the invention, as well as methods of making and using the same. When copolymerized or reactive with other commercial resins such as, e.g., epoxy compounds, PIBP based polymers are characterized by high glass transition temperature ("Tg"), low dielectric constant, low moisture absorption, low coefficient of expansion, low cost, and can be processed on equipment typically used for the production of epoxy based laminates.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein [X] represents aromatic carbocyclic rings (A) and (B), where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are as defined in the description, salts thereof, a method and intermediates for preparing same, the use thereof as drugs, and pharmaceutical compositions containing same, are disclosed.

Abstract: A lithographic photoresist composition is provided containing novel calixarene compounds, particularly calix[4]resorcinarenes that are partially or wholly protected with acid-labile functionalities, as dissolution inhibitors. Also provided is a process for using the composition to generate resist images on a substrate is provided, i.e., in the manufacture of integrated circuits or the like.

Abstract: A process for preparing high purity indane bisphenols in high yield is disclosed. The method comprises heating a bisphenol in the presence of Montmorillonite K10 clay, which catalyzes the synthesis reaction more rapidly and effectively than other clays previously disclosed. The high purity (.gtoreq.97%) of the synthesized indane bisphenol is obtained by two successive selective recrystallizations, the first from an organic solvent, and the second from an acetic acid solution. The high purity indane bisphenols produced may be made substantially pure (>99%) by employing a purification process which includes at least one selective recrystallization from a 45%-80% by volume aqueous acetic acid solution. Alternatively, substantially pure indane bisphenol may be obtained by recrystallization from a solution of 89-93% by volume toluene and 7-11% by volume n-propanol, or by a combination of recrystallizations from toluene/n-propanol and from aqueous acetic acid.

Abstract: A process for resolving racemic diesters of (R,S)(.+-.)-5-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylindane is disclosed. The process utilizes a microbial enzyme derived from Chromobacterium viscosum to catalyze the enantioselective and regioselective hydrolysis of the (S)(-)-enantiomer of the racemic mixture to its corresponding monoester at a faster rate than the (R)(+)-enantiomer. A substantially pure (S)(-)-indane monoester is thereby formed, while the (R)(+)-indane diester remains unreacted. The (S)(-)-monoester and the (R)(+)-diester can then be hydrolyzed using conventional techniques to form optically active (R)(+)- and (S)(-)-5-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylindane enantiomers for use as monomers in the synthesis of chiral polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to the synthesis of bisphenols from monophenols and carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones using concentrated mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and/or hydrogen chloride gas as acid catalysts and a mercaptan as cocatalyst, which is fixed by an ion pair bond to a matrix that is insoluble in the reaction medium.

Abstract: The antioxidants of the formulae I and II ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is methyl or H,R.sub.2 is H or methyl,R.sub.3 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl,R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, and the group Z is CH.sub.2 or O,are particularly suitable for stabilizing styrene (co)polymers.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of hydrocarbons and their derivatives having the general formula RX, wherein R is from n-alkyl, iso-alkyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, mono, di or tricyclic aryl, or alkenic groups and X is selected from H, OH or Cl to compounds having formula R.sup.1 XY wherein R.sup.1 =(R--H), X has the meaning defined as above and Y=OH; which comprises of reacting the appropriate hydrocarbon or it's derivative of the formula RX where R and X have the meaning given above, with a solution of aqueous hydrogen peroxide at a temperature in the range of 10.degree.-100.degree. C. in the presence of an amorphous titanium-silicate catalyst having molar chemical composition in terms of the anhydrous oxides of TiO.sub.2 : (5-400) SiO.sub.2, having an average micropore radius between 10 and 40 .ANG., an absorption band around 220 nm in the ultraviolet region, a band around 960 cm.sup.-1 in the infrared region, interatomic vectors around 1.6-1.7, 2.7-2.8, 4.1-4.2 and 5.0-5.2 .ANG.

Abstract: The invention provides dihydronaphthofluorene compounds, formulations, and methods of inhibiting bone loss or bone resorption, particularly osteoporosis, and cardiovascular-related pathological conditions.

Abstract: This invention provides resins and resin compositions which afford cured products with high heat resistance, low water absorption and high adhesion which are useful as electric and electronic materials. Resins obtained by condensation reaction between 4,4'-di(.omega.-substituted methyl)biphenyl or the like and naphthols; epoxy resins obtained by glycidyleterifying said resins; epoxy resin compositions containing these resins; and cured products thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel difunctionalized cyclobutabenzene monomers of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Z can be hydrogens or a cyclobutane ring; and X and Y are carboxyl, amino, alcohol, isocyanate, acid halide, or bis-acyl halide groups. Exemplary difunctional bitricyclodecatriene monomers are ?2,2'-bidicyclo?2.4.0!octa-1,3,5-triene!-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid (BXTA) and ?2,2'-bitricyclo?6.2.0.0!deca-1,3,(6),7-triene!-7,7'-dicarboxylic acid (QXTA). The difunctionalized bitricyclodecatriene monomers can form part of a polymer backbone chain in which the multiple butane ring functionalities can be easily opened to produce strong, three-dimensional covalent bond crosslinking between polymer chains. The crosslinking can be induced simply by heating the polymer to a temperature in excess of 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A photosensitive compound comprising at least one o-quinonediazide sulfonic acid ester of a phenolic compound, said esters selected from the group consisting of formulae (IB) and (IIB): ##STR1## wherein the variables are as defined in the description.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel classes of anti-androgens including dihydrophenanthrene derivatives, their method of synthesis and their use in treating disorders associated with excessive androgenic activities.

Abstract: A phenolic compound is provided which can be described by the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is a C.sub.6-20 aromatic moiety, L is a cyclohexanenorbornane linking moiety, L' is a divalent cycloaliphatic moiety, and each of m and n is a number within the range of 0 to about 10. Such phenols include the product of the addition reaction of phenol with a cyclohexenenorbornene compound such as 5-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl)bicyclo[2.2.1 ]hept-2-ene.

Abstract: Crystals of 6,6'-dihydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl -1,1'-spirobiindane (hereinafter referred to as SPI) are obtained by cooling a phenol solution containing 6,6'-dihydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobiindane when crystallization is started at a temperature higher than a transition temperature between SPI and an adduct of SPI with phenol. The crystals are washed with an organic solvent or contacted with water and further washed with an organic solvent. When crystallization is started at a temperature less than the transition temperature, adduct crystals of SPI with phenol are obtained from the phenol solution. Phenol is removed from the adduct crystals and the adduct crystals are contacted with water to obtain a hydrate and further the hydrate is washed with an organic solvent.

Abstract: A phenolic compound is provided which can be described by the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is a C.sub.6-20 aromatic moiety, L is a cyclohexanenorbornane linking moiety, L' is a divalent cycloaliphatic moiety, and each of m and n is a number within the range of 0 to about 10. Such phenols include the product of the addition reaction of phenol with a cyclohexenenorbornene compound such as 5-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel clathrate compounds using tetrakisphenols as host. The clathrate compounds are obtained easily and efficiently by reacting tetrakisphenols represented by the general formula [I] as host and various organic compounds such as alcohol, ether, ester, ketone, heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, essential oil, perfume and the like as guest under the condition of solvent-free or diluted with solvent if required. ##STR1## wherein X represents (CH.sub.2)n, n represents 0-3, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represents each independently hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a pheny group optionally having substituents, a halogen atom or a lower alcoxy group.The clathrate compounds specified in the present invention are useful in the technological field of selective separation, chemical stabilization, conversion to non-volatility, powder processing and the like.

Abstract: An aqueous resol solution produced by an alkaline condensation of a phenolic compound with an aldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:1.5 to 2.5 with an alkali metal content of 1 to 5.0% by weight of the reaction solution, neutralizing the solution after the end of condensation at least partially with an aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid at a temperature not greater than 50.degree. C. and then concentrating the reaction mixture which is readily dilutable with water.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a phenolic resin represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a divalent cyclic hydrocarbon residue having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, p is a number of from 0 to 10 and q is a number of 1 or 2. The method involves reacting a phenol with an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon compound having two or more carbon-carbon double bonding in the presence of an acid catalyst; and processing a resulting reaction product by a hydrotalcite compound represented by the formula (II)M.sub.1-x.sup.2+ M.sub.x.sup.3+ (OH).sub.2+x-ny A.sub.y.sup.n-.m(H.sub.2 O)(II)where M.sup.2+ is a divalent, magnesium ion, a divalent zinc ion, a divalent calcium ion, a divalent nickel ion, a divalent cobalt ion, a divalent manganese ion or a divalent copper ion, M.sup.3+ is a trivalent aluminum ion, a trivalent iron ion or a trivalent chromium ion, A.sup.n- is HCO.sub.3.sup.-, CO.sub.3.sup.2- or OH.sup.-, and x, y and m each are 0.

Abstract: Fluorine-modified thermosetting reins are available as phenolic or epoxy resins having trifluoromethyl groups and a naphthalene skeleton in a molecule. They are useful as components of resin compositions or resin modifiers and cure to products having low water pickup, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and adhesion as well as heat resistance and mechanical strength. Thermosetting resin compositions having such a thermosetting resin blended therein are useful in semiconductor element packaging.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to polysubstituted fullerene moieties having a plurality of substituents thereon wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy in combination with hydroxy, amino, oxide, nitro, organocarboxy, amide and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene is prepared in high yield by reacting a 2,6-dialkyl-4-methoxymethylphenol with mesitylene in a hydrocarbon solvent and in the presence of at least about 10 mol %, based on the amount of mesitylene, of a hydrocarbon-soluble acid (e.g., an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid having 12-18 carbons in the alkyl group, a carboxylic acid, or a dialkylsulfosuccinate) as a catalyst or co-catalyst while distilling methanol by-product out of the reaction mixture as it is formed. The process may be conducted so as to provide a substantially pure product or a product, such as 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, having fairly high purity (e.g., about 98-98%) and a melting point much lower than would be expected of a product having such high purity.

Abstract: Bis[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenyl]alkanes, as illustrated by 2,2-bis[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenyl]propane, may be prepared by the reaction of a bisphenol A ester or a similar compound with a p-trialkyltin-substituted anisole, followed by demethylation with a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide. Polycarbonates prepared therefrom are ductile and have high glass transition temperatures.

Abstract: 9,9-Bis(3,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene a novel compound can be used to produce amorphous poly(arylene ethers) which have high glass transition temperatures and good thermo-oxidative stability and which are soluble in aromatic and chlorinated solvents; the novel fluorene derivative is produced by transalkylation of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene or 9,9-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)fluorene with 2,6-diphenylphenol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining an ion in an aqueous sample. The method involves contacting the sample with a water immiscible material including an ionophore, a pH indicator and a compound which stabilizes sensitivity of the assay. The ion reacts with the ionophore in the water immiscible material, releasing a proton which reacts with the pH indicator generating a color change which is representative of the ion to be measured. The stabilizing compound stabilizes this change. Also described are compositions including the three recited elements, and various new compounds useful as the stabilizer.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of tetracyano-1,4-hydroquinone and its conversion to tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinone via a disilver salt are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward the preparation of novel polysubstituted fullerenes. The method of forming polysubstituted fullerenes comprises contacting a fullerene with an electrophilic reagent selected from the group consisting of nitronium ion and organic peracid, provided that when the electrophilic reagent is nitronium ion, the fullerene is subsequently contacted with a nucleophilic reagent.

Abstract: A naphthalene of the following formula (1) having at least two allyl or propenyl groups ##STR1## wherein each G represents a hydrogen atoms or ##STR2## R.sup.1 's independently represent a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 's independently represent a hydrogen atom, an allyl group or a propenyl group, R.sup.3 represents an allyl group or a propenyl group, X represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and n is an integer of from 0 to 6. The derivative is useful for modifying curable resins or resin compositions to provide cured products which have a low water absorption, high strength and a high glass transition temperature. The derivative has good working properties and a good heat resistance.

Abstract: In the production of 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxphenyl)-fluorene by condensation by fluorenone and phenol in a molar ratio of 1:4 to 1:8 at 30.degree. to 90.degree. C. in the presence of gaseous hydrogen chloride and .beta.-mercapto-propionic acid as catalyst, the improvement comprising mixing the completed reaction mixture with a polyalkylene glycol, distilling excess phenol from the mixture, and mixing the distillation residue with a solvent miscible with the polyalkylene glycol, recovering the crystallized product, suspending the crystallized product in water and heating the suspension to obtain highly pure 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-fluorene as white crystals.

Abstract: A compound is a condensate of 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene with an aldehyde. The condensate is a macrocyclic compound such as a cyclic tetramer. The aldehyde is preferably a long-chain aldehyde such as hexanal, dodecanal or tetradecanal. The condensate can be used as an anti-wear additive in hydrocarbon liquids such as liquid paraffin or as an anti-corrosion additive. The condensate can be prepared by reacting 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene with an equimolar quantity of an aldehyde in the presence of an acid.

Abstract: This invention is addressed to antioxidants which are polymerizable using the Ziegler catalyst system. The antioxidant of the present invention has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each aryl groups containing a hindered antioxidant structure imparting antioxidant properties to the compounds. The compounds of the present invention are useful in the polymerization of olefin compounds using Ziegler catalyst systems whereby the antioxidant of the invention becomes chemically bound to the polymer while, at the same time, imparting antioxidant properties thereto.

Abstract: A phenolic novolak resin comprising a compound represented by the general formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein X is H or ##STR2## R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is 1 to 10, particularly a phenolic novolak epoxy resin, and material, and a cured substance therefrom, and a process for producing the resin are disclosed. This resin is excellent in heat resistance and in reluctance to absorb water as compared with conventional phenolic resins, and useful in sealing electronic parts, molding, and laminating.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-fluorene by condensing fluorenone and phenol in a molar ratio of 1:4 to 1:8 at 30.degree. to 90.degree. C. in the presence of gaseous hydrogen chloride and .beta.-mercapto-propionic acid catalyst, the improvement comprising distilling water of reaction and dissolved hydrochloric acid from the completed reaction mixture, dissolving the distillation residue in a nitrile, separating the crystallized adduct of nitrile and 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxphenyl)- fluorene from the nitrile and optionally dissociating the adduct to recover high purity 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxphenyl)- fluorene.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of phenyl substituted aromatic diols, obtained by dehydrogenation of the corresponding substituted cyclohexyl derivatives in the presence of a palladium supported catalyst, said palladium supported catalyst being prepared by a process which comprises treating a palladium hydrolysis compound with reducing agents.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which, independently of one another, each R is OH or lower alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms and each R' is hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, are prepared by the condensation of partially fluorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen fluoride or by the reductive coupling of partially fluorinated aromatic compounds. The compounds are used as a starting material for the preparation of partially fluorinated polycondensates.

Abstract: 9,9-Bis(3,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene a novel compound can be used to produce amorphous poly(arylene ethers) which have high glass transition temperatures and good thermo-oxidative stability and which are soluble in aromatic and chlorinated solvents; the novel fluorene derivative is produced by transalkylation of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene or 9,9-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)fluorene with 2,6-diphenylphenol.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for synthesizing 9,9-bis(hydroxyphenyl)fluorene by reacting fluorene with excess phenol using a liquid catalyst prepared by dissolving aluminum trichloride in an anhydrous organic solvent such as toluene evincing the property of an electron donor while hydrochloric-acid gas is being supplied. For the purpose of the synthesis, the fluorenone is dissolved for instance at 60.degree. C. in the liquid phenol and then the liquid catalyst is dripped into the agitated reaction mixture at such a rate that the temperature of the reaction mixture is kept below 60.degree. C. Following catalyst addition and subsequent after-reaction interval of several hours, the raw product is mixed with hot water and the excess phenol is removed by steam distillation. After signle-washing with water, the raw product is dissolved in hot acetone, allowed to crystallize, is filtered out and dried in vacuum. Lastly the raw product is recrystallized from 1,2-dichloroethane to form the pure product.

Abstract: A. parasiticus is employed to hydroxylate 2'-hydroxyterphenyl compounds to terphenyltriols, which can be used to form branched polycarbonates. The hydroxylation reaction is enhanced by maintaining a sufficient amount of a carbon source in the culture medium-reaction medium to maintain the ammonium level below 300 ppm. during the bioconversion phase. Employment of a mutant strain of A. parasiticus which was isolated following ultraviolet light mutagenesis to reduce its tendency to produce aflatoxins is preferred.

Abstract: The invention relates to naphthol-based epoxy resins of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which A is a naphthalene nucleus, R is hydrogen or methyl, and n is an integer from 0 to 15, naphthol aralkyl resins which are intermediates for said epoxy resins, a process for the preparation of said naphthol aralkyl resins, and epoxy resin compositions containing said naphthol-based epoxy resins which are highly heat- and moisture-resistant, possess excellent impact strength and other mechanical properties, and are useful for such applications as lamination, molding, casting, and adhesion.

Abstract: This invention is addressed to antioxidants which are polymerizable using the Ziegler catalyst system. The antioxidant of the present invention has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each aryl groups containing a hindered antioxidant structure imparting antioxidant properties to the compounds. The compounds of the present invention are useful in the polymerization of olefin compounds using Ziegler catalyst systems whereby the antioxidant of the invention becomes chemically bound to the polymer while, at the same time, imparting antioxidant properties thereto.