Abstract: A reforming system includes a vaporizer configured to vaporize liquid fuel to produce fuel gas; a reformer configured to reform the fuel gas produced by the vaporizer to produce a reformed gas containing hydrogen; an air supplier configured to supply air to the reformer; a fuel gas supplier configured to supply the fuel gas to the reformer; a heater configured to increase a temperature of the reformer; a reformed gas flow passage through which the reformed gas produced by the reformer flows; a cooler disposed in the reformed gas flow passage and configured to cool the reformed gas; a circulation passage connecting the vaporizer with the cooler and through which refrigerant flows through the vaporizer and the cooler; and a circulation pump disposed in the circulation passage and configured to circulate the refrigerant through the circulation passage.

Abstract: The process provided herein is concerned with recovery of hydrocarbons from sulfones using an individual alkali and alkaline-earthy base and a mixture of thereof. As the starting materials are sulfones generated by ODS and commercially inexpensive alkali and alkaline-earth bases, the cost and ecological impact of solid waste disposal is minimized.

Abstract: The present disclosure enables phenol recovery, purification and recycle in a simple, economic manner from waste streams from, for example, a phenol/acetone production process, e.g., a phenol/acetone plant or an upstream cumene hydroperoxide cleavage process step, and BPA production step, for use in the reaction with acetone to produce BPA. The disclosure therefore reduces the overall consumption of phenol in the production of BPA.

Abstract: The process provided herein is concerned with recovery of hydrocarbons from sulfones using an individual alkali and alkaline-earthy base and a mixture of thereof. As the starting materials are sulfones generated by ODS and commercially inexpensive alkali and alkaline-earth bases, the cost and ecological impact of solid waste disposal is minimized.

Abstract: The present disclosure enables phenol recovery, purification and recycle in a simple, economic manner from waste streams from, for example, a phenol/acetone production process, e.g., a phenol/acetone plant or an upstream cumene hydroperoxide cleavage process step, and BPA production step, for use in the reaction with acetone to produce BPA. The disclosure therefore reduces the overall consumption of phenol in the production of BPA.

Abstract: The present disclosure enables phenol recovery, purification and recycle in a simple, economic manner from waste streams from, for example, a phenol/acetone production process, e.g., a phenol/acetone plant or an upstream cumene hydroperoxide cleavage process step, and BPA production step, for use in the reaction with acetone to produce BPA. The disclosure therefore reduces the overall consumption of phenol in the production of BPA.

Abstract: The present disclosure enables phenol recovery, purification and recycle in a simple, economic manner from waste streams from, for example, a phenol/acetone production process, e.g., a phenol/acetone plant or an upstream cumene hydroperoxide cleavage process step, and BPA production step, for use in the reaction with acetone to produce BPA. The disclosure therefore reduces the overall consumption of phenol in the production of BPA.

Abstract: A process is described for the recovery of phenol and biphenols from their homogeneous mixtures containing benzene, sulfolane and water, which is based on the use of an alkaline solution and benzene for the separation of biphenols from sulfolane, after removing the benzene, H2O and phenol contained in the reaction effluent. The process allows the recovery of phenol and biphenol by-products dissolved in sulfolane, directly obtaining the purified solvent containing the benzene necessary for the feeding to the reactor for the direct oxidation of benzene, as well as the biphenols dissolved in water and pure phenol.

Abstract: Purification of cumene hydroperoxide cleavage products from hydroxyacetone and carbonyl compounds is accomplished via extraction of hydroxyacetone and carbonyl compounds from cleavage products with a circulating water-salt solution in an extractor during an extraction stage and subsequent conversion of hydroxyacetone and other carbonyl compounds into deep condensation products in a HAC reactor operating as a plug-flow reactor or mixing reactor or as their combination. The conversion/condensation process is conducted in the water-salt solution by treating the hydroxyacetone and carbonyl compounds with alkaline agents. Various homogenous and/or heterogeneous alkaline catalysts may be used. Optionally multiple sequential extraction stages may be connected to the HAC reactor for improved performance.

Abstract: A process for purifying phenol, phenol-type compounds, and substituted phenol and phenol-type compounds of contamination by components more acidic than the phenol component comprising treating a phenol containing process stream by contacting the stream with an amphoteric porous inorganic oxide.

Abstract: A discrete impure cresylic acid distillate fraction derived by fractional distillation of a natural cresylic acid feedstock from which tar bases and/or neutral oils have not been removed is subjected to extractive distillation with a polyhydric alcohol extractant and subsequent separation of the discrete cresylic acid fraction. The extractive distillation removes tar bases, neutral oils, undesirable phenolic substances, sulfur compounds, color-forming impurities and odor-imparting impurities.

Abstract: Phenol plant waste water containing small amounts of phenol and sodium sulfate is successfully distilled through the addition of recovered sodium sulfate to enhance the volatility of the phenol relative to water; at least a portion of the sodium sulfate is recycled, while a significant portion of the phenol can be returned to the phenol plant for recovery.

Abstract: Crude phenol and also individual phenol fractions from tars or the hydrogenation of coal are purified from contaminating organic bases and sulfur compounds by treating the phenols with phthalic acid anhydride and optionally a quinone and distillation.

Abstract: Novel, self-curing resins are produced by di(hydroxyphenyl) compound and an arylcyclobutenealkyl compound. The resulting di(hydroxyphenyl) compound (di(arylcyclobutenealkyl) ethers cure upon heating to produce rigid thermosets of relatively high glass transition temperature and heat stability.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for removing tar bases and neutral oils from the Lurgi tar acids by treating the tar acids with aqueous sodium bisulfate to change the tar bases to salts and to hydrolyze the neutral oils to hydrolysis products and distilling the tar acids to obtain refined tar acid as the distillate while the tar base salts and neutral oil hydrolysis products remain as residue.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for purifying the tar acid mixture that is obtained from the Lurgi process of coal gasification. The tar acid is treated with dilute aqueous sulfuric acid solution to form non-volatile tar base salts from the tar base component and to hydrolyze the neutral oil component and then distilling the tar acid component off from the non-volatile tar base salts and the hydrolysis products of the neutral oil component.

Abstract: A method of eliminating color-causing impurities in mixtures of t-butyl alkylphenols by treatment with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxazolidine at 90.degree. C. and at atmospheric pressure is described. These phenols are used as peroxide inhibitors in polyoxyalkylene glycols for polyurethane foams. Discoloration of the polyol occurs if the phenol mixture is not treated with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxazolidine. The t-butyl alkylphenol mixture is derived from an alkylphenol made over an acid catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process is described for recovery of some of the bisphenol-A values present in the waste streams in an acid-catalyzed bisphenol-A synthesis process.

Abstract: Covers a method of separating a nonionic surfactant from an anionic surfactant by use of cyclohexanone.

Abstract: A process for removing phenols from waste water resulting from the gasification or carbonization of coal and containing CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 S and NH.sub.3, comprising mixing the waste water with a low-boiling organic solvent, separating the mixture into a solvent layer and an aqueous layer, stripping off from the aqueous layer under superatmospheric pressure the vapors of CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 S and organic solvent contained therein, then stripping off from the aqueous layer the NH.sub.3 contained therein leaving a refined aqueous product layer suitable for discharge, scrubbing the stripped vapors under superatmospheric pressure with a portion of the cold refined product to remove organic solvent contained therein, condensing part of the solvent and separating it under superatmospheric pressure, and scrubbing the remaining acid gases still containing ammonia and solvent with recirculated cooled raw phenol to remove the ammonia and solvent.

Abstract: A process for the removal of acids and potential acid-forming agents from a composition containing such acids and potential acid-forming agents and an alkylphenol which composition is obtained by reacting phenols with alkenes in the presence of sulfuric acid or a sulfonic acid, and for treating the effluent thereby obtained, the process being characterized by the steps of:(a) extracting a major amount of the acid constituents from the alkylphenol mixture by means of water;(b) treating the alkylphenol mixture with a dilute aqueous alkali solution in an amount such that the alkali is insufficient to neutralize all the acid originally present in the alkylphenol mixture,(c) separating the alkylphenol mixture from the aqueous alkali solution;(d) combining the aqueous phases obtained from steps (a) and (b);(e) heating the combined aqueous phases to a temperature of 100.degree. to 200.degree. C,(f) separating off the organic phase obtained in step (e); and(g) discharging the aqueous phase.