Abstract: The present invention concerns a new method for the production of 1,3-propanediol comprising culturing a recombinant microorganism converting glycerol into 1,3-propanediol and overexpressing the hcpR and/or frdX gene on a medium comprising glycerine. A recombinant microorganism for the production of 1,3 propanediol from glycerol, wherein said microorganism converts glycerol into 1,3-propanediol and 10 overexpresses the hcpR and/or the frdX gene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microbial consortium, especially adapted for growth and production of 1,3-propanediol from a culture medium with high glycerinecontent and specifically with a high concentration of industrial glycerine. More particularly, this microbial consortium comprises at least one strain C. acetobutylicum and at least one strain chosen among strains of C. sporogenes and/or strains of C. sphenoides. The invention also relates to a method for the production of 1,3-propanediol by culturing this microbial consortium resulting in a co-culture of these particular different microorganisms.

Abstract: Microbial cell lines suitable for industrial-scale production of organic acids and methods of making and isolating such cell lines.

Abstract: Ethylene glycol is prepared from a carbohydrate source by reaction of the carbohydrate source with hydrogen in a continuous process, wherein hydrogen, the carbohydrate source and a liquid diluent are continuously fed into a continuous stirred tank reactor wherein a catalyst system is present, which catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound and at least one hydrogenolysis metal selected from the groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, to achieve the reaction between the carbohydrate source and hydrogen to ethylene glycol; wherein continuously a product mixture comprising ethylene glycol and diluent is removed from the continuous stirred tank reactor; and wherein continuously or periodically further at least a tungsten compound is added to the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR).

Abstract: Ethylene glycol is prepared from a carbohydrate source in a process, wherein hydrogen, the carbohydrate source, a liquid diluent and a catalyst system are introduced as reactants into a reaction zone; wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound and at least one hydrogenolysis metal selected from the groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; wherein the diluent that is introduced into the reaction zone comprises an alkylene glycol; and wherein the carbohydrate source is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst system to yield an ethylene glycol-containing product.

Abstract: Coagglomerates of mannitol, whose laser volume-average diameter D4,3 is between 1 and 200 ?m, and of granular starch, are characterized in that they have a disintegration behavior determined according to a test A such that the relaxation time measured is between 30 and 100 seconds and the swelling force is between 0.8 and 3.0 N.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a eukaryotic host selected from microorganisms, and a method for producing glycolic acid using said eukaryotic host cells, especially cells of a genetically modified fungal host. Further this invention relates to a glycolic acid product obtained using the method described here and the use of genetically modified microorganism cells in production of glycolic acid.

Abstract: A method of using homogenous rhodium catalysts comprising N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for the hydroformylation of olefins and substituted olefins is provided. In some aspects, the methods provided herein relate to the hydroformylation of allyl alcohol to 4-hydroxybutaldehyde in the presence of a rhodium catalyst which contains one or more N-heterocyclic carbene ligands of the formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are defined herein.

Abstract: Provided are catalysts suitable for the production of tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol. Also provided are methods of use of these catalyst, as well as catalyst systems. The catalysts described herein contain only Lewis acidity, but not Brønsted acidity, which results in decreased production of ether byproducts.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a recycling method for producing dimethyl carbonate. The process is unique in that it produces a by-product that can be re-used in the process as a raw material for repeating the process. For example, when the process is directed to synthesizing dimethyl carbonate, glycerol is used as a starting material. Glycerol is also a by-product produced during formation of dimethyl carbonate, and therefore it can be re-used as starting material to generate more dimethyl carbonate.

Abstract: A method for efficiently and simply achieving decontamination of organic compounds, in particular, gaseous organic compounds diffused in the atmosphere, is provided by carrying out an in-situ treatment under in-situ environmental conditions. The method involves exposing organic compounds to a processing gas at normal temperature, thereby achieving decontamination, in which the processing gas includes a hydroxylmethyl radical, a hydroperoxy radical, a hydrogen radical, and a hydroxyl radical which are generated by allowing a catalyst to act on methanol gas.

Abstract: Provided is a process for removing impurities from a solution (S1), wherein said solution (S1) comprises one or more sugar dissolved in an aqueous solvent, wherein said solution (S1) has conductivity at 25° C. of 500 ?S/cm or higher, and wherein said process comprises (a) contacting said solution (S1) with a cation exchange resin (R1) to produce a solution (S2) in which 80% or more of the cations are all of the same element (E); and (b) then contacting said solution (S2) with a cation exchange resin (R2) in which, prior to said contacting, 90% or more of acid groups are in the salt form with said element (E). Also provided is a process for producing glycols comprising providing an extract solution by the process of claim 1, and then contacting said solution (S3) with hydrogen and a metal catalyst.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for highly efficient catalytic conversion of cellulosic raw materials to glycols. In the process, cellulosic compounds such as crop stalk, wood powder and etc., as feedstock are subjected to one-step catalytic conversion with a ternary composite catalyst composed of organic acid or inorganic acid which does not contain tungsten, a transition metal from Groups 8, 9 or 10 such as iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, and platinum, or a mixture thereof, and a tungsten oxide, a tungsten sulfide, a tungsten chloride, a tungsten hydroxide, tungsten bronze, tungstic acid, a tungstate, a metatungstate acid, a metatungstate, a paratungstate acid, a paratungstate, a peroxotungstic acid, pertungstate and heteropoly tungstate, or a mixture thereof. The reaction is carried out under hydrothermal conditions at a temperature between 120-300° C. with hydrogen pressure between 1-13 MPa.

Abstract: The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a 4-hydroxybutyrate, 1,4-butanediol, or other product pathway and being capable of producing 4-hydroxybutyrate, 1,4-butanediol, or other product, wherein the microbial organism comprises one or more genetic modifications. The invention additionally provides methods of producing 4-hydroxybutyrate, 1,4-butanediol, or other product or related products using the microbial organisms.

Abstract: A process for the production of 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran by catalytic hydrogenation of dialkyl maleates includes the following steps: a) hydrogenating a stream of dialkyl maleate in a first stage of reaction over suitable catalysts to produce dialkyl succinate; b) further hydrogenating the dialkyl succinate in a second stage of reaction, by using a different suitable catalyst, for producing mainly 1,4-butanediol, together with gamma-butyrolactone and tetrahydrofuran as co-products. In both stages of reaction the conditions, as hydrogen/organic feed ratio, pressure and temperature, are such to maintain the reactors in mixed liquid/vapor phase.

Abstract: Preparation of bifunctional polyisobutenes in which isobutene or an isobutene-containing monomer mixture is polymerized in the presence of a Lewis acid and a compound of the formula I in which X is an acyl radical or the radical of an organic or inorganic acid group, R1 to R4 are identical or different and are hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical.

Abstract: Hydrogenolysis systems are provided that can include a reactor housing an Ru-comprising hydrogenolysis catalyst and wherein the contents of the reactor is maintained at a neutral or acidic pH. Reactant reservoirs within the system can include a polyhydric alcohol compound and a base, wherein a weight ratio of the base to the compound is less than 0.05. Systems also include the product reservoir comprising a hydrogenolyzed polyhydric alcohol compound and salts of organic acids, and wherein the moles of base are substantially equivalent to the moles of salts or organic acids. Processes are provided that can include an Ru-comprising catalyst within a mixture having a neutral or acidic pH. A weight ratio of the base to the compound can be between 0.01 and 0.05 during exposing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a compound having an amino group and/or a hydroxyl group from a substrate compound having an atomic group containing CO or CS by eliminating such atomic group. The substrate compound, having an atomic group containing CO or CS (for example, an amide, a carbamate, or the like), is allowed to react with a compound expressed by formula (I) below, at a temperature of 120° C. or lower, preferably in the presence of an ammonium salt, to eliminate such atomic group containing CO or CS. In formula (I) A may not be present, and in a case where A is present, A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. H2N-A—NH2 (I) - - -.

Abstract: Process for the chlorination of an organic compound comprising at least one aliphatic hydroxyl group, said process comprising the steps of actively adding to said organic compound (i) hydrogen chloride and (ii) a HCl desolubilizer or a precursor thereof, and heating the resulting mixture at a reaction temperature in the range 20°-160° C., wherein said chlorination is performed in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of (a) ketones, (b) aldehydes, (c) carboxylic acids with 1-8 carbon atoms, (d) organic compounds comprising a ?-diketone moiety or a ?-keto aldehyde moiety, and (e) organic polymers comprising at least one carbonyl group, having a vapor pressure at the reaction temperature of less than 1 mbar, a weight average molecular weight Mw of 500 g/mole or more, and are soluble in the reaction mixture at the reaction temperature, and wherein the HCl desolubilizer is an alkali metal chloride salt, an alkaline earth metal chloride salt, or an acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, pancreatitius, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, metabolic syndrome disorders (e.g., Syndrome X), thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient.

Abstract: A process for treating a carrier, or a precursor thereof, to at least partly remove impurities from the carrier, or the precursor thereof, comprising: contacting the carrier, or the precursor thereof, with a treatment solution comprising a salt in a concentration of at most 0.05 molar, wherein the salt comprises a cation and an anion, and wherein the cation is selected from ammonium, phosphonium, organic cations and combinations thereof, and wherein the anion is selected from organic anions, inorganic carboxylates, oxyanions of elements from Groups IIIA through VIIA of the Periodic Table of Elements, and combinations thereof; and separating at least part of the treatment solution from the carrier, or the precursor thereof.

Abstract: The method for hydrogenolysis of sugar or sugar alcohols comprises the steps of: mixing in the absence of any phosphine a suspension of a supported osmium catalyst, water, a sugar or sugar alcohol, and a base; pressurizing the suspension with hydrogen to a range of 30 to 90 bar at room temperature; heating the suspension to a temperature in the range of 180° C. to 250° C.; and mixing the suspension for an amount of time ranging from 1 to 6 hours.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions providing synergistic antimicrobial effects against a variety of bacterial, viral and fungal organisms are described. Methods for using the antimicrobial compositions and products containing the antimicrobial compositions are also described herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene oxide, comprising the steps of producing ethylene resulting in a stream comprising ethylene and ethane; producing ethylene oxide by subjecting ethylene and ethane from the stream comprising ethylene and ethane to oxidation conditions resulting in a stream comprising ethylene oxide, unconverted ethylene and ethane; and recovering ethylene oxide from the stream comprising ethylene oxide, unconverted ethylene and ethane.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for highly efficient catalytic conversion of cellulosic raw materials to glycols. In the process, cellulosic compounds such as crop stalk, wood powder and etc., as feedstock are subjected to one-step catalytic conversion with a ternary composite catalyst composed of organic acid or inorganic acid which does not contain tungsten, a transition metal from Groups 8, 9 or 10 such as iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, and platinum, or a mixture thereof, and a tungsten oxide, a tungsten sulfide, a tungsten chloride, a tungsten hydroxide, tungsten bronze, tungstic acid, a tungstate, a metatungstate acid, a metatungstate, a paratungstate acid, a paratungstate, a peroxotungstic acid, pertungstate and heteropoly tungstate, or a mixture thereof. The reaction is carried out under hydrothermal conditions at a temperature between 120-300° C. with hydrogen pressure between 1-13 MPa.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing high purity 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) from an aqueous medium, such as a fermentation broth, are described. Aqueous 3-HP solution can be purified by flash evaporation wherein the 3-HP is vaporized at an elevated temperature without conversion to acrylic acid. This process can be integrated with downstream processes for producing other chemical and consumer products.

Abstract: Provided herein are non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a formaldehyde fixation pathway and a formate assimilation pathway, which can further include a methanol metabolic pathway, a methanol oxidation pathway, a hydrogenase and/or a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. These microbial organisms can further include a butadiene, 1,3-butanediol, crotyl alcohol or 3-buten-2-ol pathway. Additionally provided are methods of using such microbial organisms to produce butadiene, 1,3-butanediol, crotyl alcohol or 3-buten-2-ol.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] Provided are a diagnostic agent for determining the onset of an irritable bowel syndrome and a method for determining the onset of an irritable bowel syndrome using the diagnostic agent. [Solution] The diagnostic agent is one for detecting abnormal proliferation of enterobacteria in a patient suspected to be suffering from an irritable bowel syndrome and containing a compound that is decomposed by enterobacteria and is labeled with a carbon isotope.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of acids from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of acids in the hydrocarbon stream by use of adsorbents or basic solutions.

Abstract: The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a 4-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,4-butanediol, 4-hydroxybutanal, 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and/or putrescine pathway and being capable of producing 4-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the microbial organism comprises one or more genetic modifications. The invention additionally provides methods of producing 4-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,4-butanediol, 4-hydroxybutanal, 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and/or putrescine or related products using the microbial organisms.

Abstract: Methods for converting polyols are provided. The methods provided can include using a metal pincer catalyst (e.g., an iridium pincer catalyst) to remove at least one alcohol group from a polyol. The methods provided can include converting glycerol to 1,3-propanediol.

Abstract: A process for separating ethylene glycol and 1,2-butanediol. A material flow containing ethylene glycol and 1,2-butanediol gets into the lower-middle part of the azeotropic rectification column C3 after the light components are removed by the separating columns C1 and C2, wherein the ethylene glycol and the azeotropic agent added from the top of the column form azeotrope which is distilled out from the top of the column and gets into the phase separator D1 after being condensed, the upper phase enriched with azeotropic agent after the phase was separated returns to the top of the column to continue to participate in azeotropy, and the lower phase enriched with ethylene glycol gets into the fourth separating column C4 to be refined to obtain the ethylene glycol product.

Abstract: Systems, techniques and methods for estimating the metabolic state or flux, e.g., the body energy state (“BES”) of a patient, are disclosed. The BES provides a deep insight into the nutritional needs of the patient, thus allowing for a sort of exquisite glycemic control with regard to the patient. The invention discloses systems and methods for estimating fractional gluconeogenesis. The invention also discloses systems and methods for estimating and targeting patient blood lactate concentration, both as a target itself and as an intermediate step to estimating and targeting patient fractional gluconeogenesis glucose production. Nutritional support methods and formulations are also disclosed. The invention is suitable for any sort of patient, including those who are injured, such as with traumatic brain injury, ill, or have other conditions that stress the metabolic system.

Abstract: [Problem to solve] To provide an excipient for compressed tablets capable of diluting active components in the industries of foodstuffs, medicines, etc. applicable to various tablets like disintegrating agents, troches, etc., largely avoiding the conventional compressing troubles about mannitol like capping, sticking, etc., thereby assuring a high tablet hardness. [Means to solve the problem] An excipient for compressed tablets characterized in that it comprises spherical particles of crystalline mannitol having an aspect ratio of 1.0 to 1.2 and according to Test A, absorption rate 1 of 25 to 60% and absorption rate 2 of 15 to 40%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing deodorized 1,2-propanediol, to the use of the purified propanediol and to an apparatus for performing the process.

Abstract: Maintaining long residence times during hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by a number of factors, including biomass compaction. Advantages in this regard may be realized by digesting cellulosic biomass solids in an inclined digestion unit. Such methods can comprise: introducing cellulosic biomass solids to a hydrothermal digestion unit comprising one or more inclined surfaces therein; introducing a fluid phase digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst to the hydrothermal digestion unit, the slurry catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; supplying an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen from a source disposed along each inclined surface as the cellulosic biomass solids descend along each inclined surface; and heating the cellulosic biomass solids as they descend along each inclined surface in the presence of the slurry catalyst and the molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids.

Abstract: Biodegradable pharmaceutical compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol and its esters are provided. The 1,3-propanediol and its esters in the pharmaceutical composition are biologically derived, and as such, the pharmaceutical compositions exhibit a low anthropogenic CO2 emission profile.

Abstract: It was impossible to prepare a granular product composed only of fine erythritol powders by using conventional erythritol having a particle diameter on the order of 100 ?m. Spherical erythritol granules for direct compression obtained by granulating, drying, and sieving 100% erythritol ultrafine powders having an average particle diameter of from 0.4 ?m to 23 ?m while spraying ethanol alcohol thereon. In the present invention, pherical erythritol granules for direct compression are obtained by granulating, drying, and sieving 100% erythritol ultrafine powders having an average particle diameter of from 0.4 ?m to 23 ?m while spraying ethanol alcohol thereon.

Abstract: A process for the production of 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran by catalytic hydrogenation of dialkyl maleates includes the following steps: a) hydrogenating a stream of dialkyl maleate in a first stage of reaction over suitable catalysts to produce dialkyl succinate; b) further hydrogenating the dialkyl succinate in a second stage of reaction, by using a different suitable catalyst, for producing mainly 1,4-butanediol, together with gamma-butyrolactone and tetrahydrofuran as co-products. In both stages of reaction the conditions, as hydrogen/organic feed ratio, pressure and temperature, are such to maintain the reactors in mixed liquid/vapor phase.

Abstract: A solubilizer is used to stabilize crude polyol produced from biomass.

Abstract: Provided herein is a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a methanol metabolic pathway that can enhance the availability of reducing equivalents in the presence of methanol. Such reducing equivalents can be used to increase the product yield of organic compounds produced by the microbial organism, such as 1,2-propanediol, n-propanol, 1,3-propanediol or glycerol. Also provided herein are methods for using such an organism to produce 1,2-propanediol, n-propanol, 1,3-propanediol or glycerol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing bio-based homoserine lactone and bio-based organic acid through hydrolysis of O-acyl homoserine produced by a microorganism in the presence of an acid catalyst. According to the present invention, O-acyl homoserine produced by a microorganism is used as a raw material for producing 1,4-butanediol, gamma-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran and the like, which are industrially highly useful. The O-acyl homoserine produced by a microorganism can substitute conventional petrochemical products, can solve environmental concerns, including the emission of pollutants and the exhaustion of natural resources, and can be continuously renewable so as not to exhaust natural resources.

Abstract: A diol composition includes a diol as a major component and has an electrical conductivity of 0.6 to 30 mS/m.

Abstract: Processes and systems for purifying ethylene oxide, including introducing a feed stream including ethylene oxide to a heat exchanger to heat the feed stream, feeding the heated feed stream to a distillation apparatus base below a first stage, removing from the distillation apparatus an impurity fraction as a top exit stream from the distillation apparatus located at a top take-off on the distillation apparatus, removing from the distillation apparatus an ethylene oxide stream of 99.7 weight percent purity, based on the total weight of the ethylene oxide stream, from the distillation apparatus, and removing from the distillation apparatus an aldehyde enriched fraction as a bottom stream from the distillation apparatus, where the aldehyde enriched fraction is fed directly to a glycol reactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrocracking catalyst obtainable by mixing a metal compound (A) including any one metal of Groups 3 to 11 of the Periodic Table, a compound (B) including at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a ruthenium oxide compound (B1) and a high-valence compound (B2) including any metal of Groups 8 to 11 of the Periodic Table, and a metal oxide (C) including a metal of Group 5, Group 6 or Group 7 of the Periodic Table, and conducting reduction treatment.

Abstract: A process of purifying 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) from a fermentation broth including separating solid materials, salts and water, and subjecting the resulting material to a two, three or four column distillation system, that can include a wiped film evaporator to produce a purified 1,4-butanediol.

Abstract: Methods, catalysts, and reactor systems for producing in high yield aromatic chemicals and liquid fuels from a mixture of oxygenates comprising di- and polyoxygenates are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods, catalysts, and reactor systems for producing aromatic chemicals and liquid fuels from oxygenated hydrocarbons such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like; and methods, catalysts, and reactor systems for producing the mixture of oxygenates from oxygenated hydrocarbons such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like. The disclosed catalysts for preparing the mixture of oxygenates comprise a NinSnm alloy and a crystalline alumina support.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes, methods, and systems for converting biomass-derived feedstocks to liquid fuels and chemicals. The method generally includes the reaction of a hydrolysate from a biomass deconstruction process with hydrogen and a catalyst to produce a reaction product comprising one of more oxygenated compounds. The process also includes reacting the reaction product with a condensation catalyst to produce C4+ compounds useful as fuels and chemicals.

Abstract: In the process of distilling a polyol product mixture including one or both of a biobased propylene glycol and a biobased ethylene glycol from the reaction of hydrogen with a biobased feed, it has been discovered that undesirable epoxides can form, and the present invention provides means for guarding against their formation, for removing epoxides which do form by particular methods of distilling, and for removing the epoxides from a finished, otherwise commercially acceptable biobased glycol product.

Abstract: Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol may be made by hydrogenolysis of a polyol comprising the steps of reacting a polyol with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenolysis catalyst. The hydrogenolysis comprises nickel, one or more promoter, and one or more support. The promoter is selected from bismuth, silver, tin, antimony, gold, lead, thallium, cerium, lanthanum, and manganese. The support is selected from zirconia and carbon. A zirconia support comprises a zirconia textual promoter, which is selected from Cr, Mo, W, Nb, Ce, Ca, Mg, La, Pr, Nd, Al, and P. If the support comprises carbon, then the promoter is selected from bismuth and antimony. In another embodiment, if the support comprises carbon, then both the promoter is selected from bismuth and antimony, and the catalyst comprises copper. In another embodiment, the catalyst additionally comprises copper.