Abstract: A product 1,3-butylene glycol, wherein, in an HPLC analysis under specific conditions after specific sample preparation, when a relative retention time of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine is regarded as 1.0, a sum area value of absorbance peaks that appear within a relative retention time range of 4.4 to 12.0 is 1000 or less, and wherein a dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of a carbonyl compound having 4 to 6 carbon atoms is contained as a component that corresponds to the peaks that appear within the relative retention time range of 4.4 to 12.0.

Abstract: A method for preparing dimethylolbutanal including performing an aldol reaction of n-butyraldehyde (n-BAL) and paraformaldehyde (PFA) in the presence of water and an alkylamine catalyst, in which a weight ratio of the paraformaldehyde:water is 1:0.35 to 1:0.85.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing sodium formate. The method includes reacting acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and NaOH to form a raw reaction solution which includes pentaerythritol and sodium formate. The method also includes passing the raw reaction solution to an evaporator to reduce the water content of the raw reaction solution and remove any unreacted formaldehyde from the raw reaction solution to form a concentrated reaction solution and cooling the concentrated reaction solution to form pentaerythritol crystals in suspension while retaining sodium formate in solution. Further, the method includes filtering the cooled concentrated reaction solution to remove the pentaerythritol crystals and create a mother liquor comprising the sodium formate in solution and separating the sodium formate from the mother liquor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for simultaneously consecutive preparation of polyols by base-catalyzed reaction of at least two different mid-chain aldehydes with formaldehyde. The simultaneous consecutive mode of operation makes it possible to achieve high conversions and high selectivities for both aldehydes, with additional achievement of a distinct reduction in the amount of unreacted formaldehyde remaining. This leads to improved process economics, since the energy costs for workup of the formaldehyde stream are distinctly reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing an ?,?-alkanediol comprising the steps of a) reacting an alkanoic acid with an alkanol to give an ester, b) oxidizing at least one terminal carbon atom of the ester by contacting with a whole-cell catalyst, which expresses an alkane hydroxylase, in aqueous solution and in the presence of molecular oxygen, to give an oxidized ester, c) hydrogenating the oxidized ester to form the alkanediol and alkanol, and d) removing the alkanol by distillation, forming a reaction mixture depleted with respect to the alkanol, and recycling the alkanol in step b).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for fixed bed aniline rectification residue recycling and preparation method thereof. Based on the total weight of the catalyst, the catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5-40% of an active component, 2-30% of a first cocatalyst component, 10-30% of a second cocatalyst component and the balance of carrier, wherein the active component is NiO; the first cocatalyst component is one or more of Fe, Mo, Cr or Co oxide; and the second cocatalyst component is one or more of La, Zr, Y or Ce oxide. The catalyst is prepared through co-precipitation. The catalyst shows high activity and stability in the waste liquid treatment process, and can still maintain high rectification residue cracking rate after reaction of 200 hours.

Abstract: Disclosed are a highly efficient neopentyl glycol preparation method and a device therefor. The method includes adding a hydroxypivaldehyde solution and hydrogen to a hydrogenation reactor that includes a hydrogenation catalyst. The hydroxypivaldehyde solution includes 6 to 30% by weight of hydroxypivaldehyde, 35 to 70% by weight of neopentyl glycol, 10 to 30% by weight of alcohol, and 10 to 30% by weight of water. The neopentyl glycol preparation method does not require separate heating in a section of a feed vessel to an inlet of a hydrogenation reactor unlike conventional technologies to save energy, and, at the same time, by-products with a high boiling point are not generated in the section to prevent poisoning of a hydrogenation catalyst in a reactor due to the by-products with a high boiling point and increase a hydrogenation yield, and a device therefor can be provided.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons may be formed from six carbon sugars. This process involves obtaining a quantity of a hexose sugar. The hexose sugar may be derived from biomass. The hexose sugar is reacted to form an alkali metal levulinate, an alkali metal valerate, an alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or an alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate. An anolyte is then prepared for use in a electrolytic cell. The anolyte contains the alkali metal levulinate, the alkali metal valerate, the alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or the alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate. The anolyte is then decarboxylated. This decarboxylating operates to decarboxylate the alkali metal levulinate, the alkali metal valerate, the alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, or the alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate to form radicals, wherein the radicals react to form a hydrocarbon fuel compound.

Abstract: A multistage tubular reaction system and method for preparing methylol derivatives of an aldehyde includes a tubular reaction system with a plurality of successive reactor stages comprising a plurality of jacketed reaction tubes provided with a cooling system adapted to control flow of a cooling medium through said jacketed reaction tubes. The cooling medium flow is controlled independently in different stages in response to temperature measurements in the reaction system to regulate temperature. In order to further reduce temperature spikes and byproduct generation, aldehyde is stepwise added to the production stream at a plurality of feed ports proximate to reaction tubes equipped with tube inserts to enhance mixing and heat transfer.

Abstract: A multistage tubular reaction system and method for preparing methylol derivatives of an aldehyde includes a tubular reaction system with a plurality of successive reactor stages provided with a formaldehyde containing feed stream. The system includes multiple feed ports for the staged addition of C2 or higher condensible aldehyde and/or base to the formaldehyde containing stream at a plurality of successive feed points to provide a production stream, which is progressively provided with additional reactants as the production stream advances through the successive reaction stages. Advantages include better temperature control and reduced byproduct formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dietary compositions comprising reduced level of methionine, tryptophan, all amino acids, or protein, dietary compositions comprising glycerol as a substitute for monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, and hypocaloric or calorie free diets with reduced level of energy, carbohydrates, or protein. Also disclosed are methods of using these compositions and diets, as well as fasting, to protect subjects against chemotherapy, radiotherapy, oxidative stress, or aging.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering components from a low boiler mixture which is obtained in the distillation of hydrogenation effluents from the preparation of polymethylols, by multistage distillation of the low boiler mixture having a tertiary amine, water, methanol, a polymethylol, a methylolalkanal, an alcohol and an alkanal with a methylene group in the alpha position to the carbonyl group. A first distillation stage involves separating the low boiler mixture into a higher-boiling, predominantly water-rich fraction and into a lower-boiling aqueous organic fraction having the tertiary amine. A second distillation stage involves separating the aqueous organic fraction from the first distillation stage into a predominantly amine-containing fraction and a further amine-depleted fraction. The tertiary amine is trimethylamine or triethylamine and the bottom temperature in the second distillation stage is at least 110° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for distilling an aqueous polymethylol mixture which comprises a polymethylol of the formula (I) (HOCH2)2—C—R2??(I) in which each R is independently a further methylol group or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an aryl or aralkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, a tertiary amine, water and the adduct of tertiary amine and formic acid (amine formate), which comprises performing the distillation in a distillation column which is connected at the bottom to an evaporator, the bottom temperature being above the evaporation temperature of the monoester of formic acid and polymethylol (polymethylol formate) which forms during distillation. The present invention further relates to a composition comprising polymethylol and 1 to 10 000 ppm by weight of polymethylol formate, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing polyols (such as neopentyl glycol) is disclosed which comprises reacting formaldehyde and another aldehyde in the presence of a trialkylamine catalyst and a base promoter to form an Aldol condensation reaction product. The base promoter improves removal of nitrogen containing salts prior to hydrogenation of the hydroxy aldehyde to produce the polyol. The improved process also reduces trialkylamine catalyst usage, improves trialkylamine catalyst recovery, and reduces nitrogen-containing salts prior to hydrogenation.

Abstract: A polymer obtainable by polycondensation or polyaddition of monomeric compounds, wherefor accompanying use is made as monomeric compound of 2-(2-methylbutyl)-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol of the formula I or its alkoxylated derivatives (also referred to collectively below as C11 diol).

Abstract: A cosmetic composition is provided herein, the composition comprising: an ester of pentaerythritol and a benzoic acid having the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 independently indicate a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched fatty acid residue having 1 to 24 carbon atoms or a benzoic acid residue, and a cosmetically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for the production of a base complex catalyst comprising reacting a hydroxide base with a polyalcohol, under vacuum pressure, at a temperature in the range of about 60° C. to about 220° C., wherein the mole ratio of the hydroxide base to the polyalcohol is greater than about 2:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing neopentyl glycol by addition of isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of a tertiary alkylamine as catalyst to give the hydroxypivalinaldehyde with subsequent liquid phase hydrogenation in the presence of a nickel catalyst at a temperature of 80 to 180° C. and at a pressure of 6 to 18 MPa in the presence of an aliphatic alcohol and in the presence of water.

Abstract: Methods for preparing mannitol modification III are described herein. The methods relate to preparing solutions of mannitol in a suitable solvent and an auxiliary agent and solidifying from the solutions mannitol of modification III.

Abstract: Methods of purifying BT are disclosed. The method comprises adding at least one polyhydroxyl compound to a crude BT mixture comprising BT and at least one boron-containing compound to form a polyhydroxyl compound/BT mixture. In one embodiment, the polyhydroxyl compound/BT mixture is then heated to a temperature greater than the boiling point of BT but less than the boiling point of the at least one polyhydroxyl compound. In another embodiment, the polyhydroxyl compound/BT mixture is heated to a temperature greater than the melting point of the at least one polyhydroxyl compound, and then to a temperature greater than the boiling point of BT but less than the boiling point of the at least one polyhydroxyl compound. A composition comprising BT is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for improving the color of trimethylolpropane which comprises the steps of a) supplying a crude, aqueous base solution of trimethylolpropane, containing color causing impurities, and having a pH of less than about 9; b) contacting said base solution with an alkaline material for a period of time sufficient to increase the pH of said base solution to greater than 11 and at a sufficient temperature to allow the color causing impurities to react with said alkaline material; c) cooling the resulting solution from step (b) for a sufficient period of time; d) contacting said base solution of step (c) with an organic acid for a sufficient period of time to lower the pH thereof to less than about 9.

Abstract: An isotope-doped nano-structure is provided. The isotope-doped nano-structure includes at least one isotope-doped nano-structure segment having at least two isotopes of the element. The at least two isotopes of the element are mixed uniformly in a certain proportion. The isotope-doped nano-structure can be used for isotope labeling one type of the unlabeled structures such as DNAs, proteins, glucoses, gluconic acids, starches, biotin enzymes, sorbitols, or organic amines. An isotope labeled structure is also provided.

Abstract: A method of preparing monopentaerythritol, dipentaerthritol, and sodium formate through high temperature condensation and cascade recrystallization is disclosed. The method lowers the energy consumption dramatically and improves the cost-effectiveness by carrying out the reaction in a non-low-temperature zone, and thereby avoiding the requirement for refrigeration. The method alleviates the difficulty of separation and improves the product quality by means of cascade separation process, and thereby avoiding the low purity from a single separation. In addition, the mother liquor obtained after each separation step is recycled to the previous step as the recycling liquor, which avoids discharging waste, increases the product yield and lowers raw materials consumption.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a supported hydrogenation catalyst with increased hydrogenation activity, which comprises a hydrogenating metal and/or an oxide of a hydrogenating metal on an Al2O3-containing support material, said calcined supported hydrogenation catalyst is treated before or after the final shaping thereof and before use thereof in the hydrogenation with a base solution having a pH of >10 at a temperature in the range from 20 to 120° C. for 1 to 300 hours.

Abstract: A surfactant composition comprising one or more surfactant derivatives of isomers of acyclic detergent alcohol having 11, 16, or 21 carbon atoms and two, three, four or five methyl or ethyl branches or mixtures thereof wherein the surfactant derivatives are selected from the group consisting of cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amine oxide surfactants, alkylpolyglycoside surfactants, soaps, fatty acids, di-long-chain alkyl cationic surfactants and mixtures.

Abstract: A process for preparing a detergent alcohol mixture comprising the steps of providing one or more poly-branched poly-olefins, wherein the poly-branched poly-olefins must contain one non-branched terminal olefin and one or more additional branched olefins in the molecule; hydroformylating said poly-branched poly-olefins to produce a poly-branched olefin containing aldehyde product with one or more olefins or mixture thereof; reducing the aldehyde product of step (b) in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst to form a poly-branched detergent alcohol mixture; and removing said poly-branched alcohol mixture from said catalyst and branched aldehydes, alcohols and surfactants produced from the products of this process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing trimethylolpropane having a low color number by processing a raw reaction solution obtained according to the inorganic Cannizarro process while adhering to precisely defined pH values.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of erythritol for the up regulation of the SOD2 enzyme in mammals and prevention or treatment of hypertension. More specifically, erythritol protects against the development of endothelial dysfunction and related reduction of vasodilatation and erythritol protects against hemolysis-induced vasoconstriction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of stabilizing polyols and also mixtures containing polyols and stabilizers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a granulated sorbitol of essentially ? crystalline form and having a high sorbitol content, characterized in that it has a specific surface area, determined according to the BET method, of greater than or equal to 2 m2/g, preferably of between 2.2 and 4 m2/g, and even more preferably of between 2.5 and 3.5 m2/g, a compressibility of between 200 and 400 N, preferably of between 250 and 350 N, and a volume-average diameter, measured by laser diffraction particle sizing using a dry-system module, of between 260 and 1000 ?m, preferably of between 260 and 500 ?m, and even more preferably of between 260 and 350 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for distilling an aqueous polymethylol mixture which comprises a polymethylol of the formula (I) (HOCH2)2—C—R2??(I) in which each R is independently a further methylol group or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an aryl or aralkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, a tertiary amine, water and the adduct of tertiary amine and formic acid (amine formate), which comprises performing the distillation in a distillation column which is connected at the bottom to an evaporator, the bottom temperature being above the evaporation temperature of the monoester of formic acid and polymethylol (polymethylol formate) which forms during distillation. The present invention further relates to a composition comprising polymethylol and 1 to 10 000 ppm by weight of polymethylol formate, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying crude polymethylol which comprises polymethylol of the formula (I) (HOCH2)2—C—R2 ??(I) in which each R is independently a further methylol group or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an aryl or aralkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and also hydroxy acid of the formula (IV) in which each R is independently as defined above, which comprises performing the purification in a distillation column, the bottom of the distillation column being connected to an evaporator with a short residence time. The present invention further relates to a composition comprising polymethylol and 1 to 10 000 ppm by weight of an ester of polymethylol and of a hydroxy acid and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing a detergent alcohol mixture comprising the steps of providing one or more poly-branched poly-olefins, wherein the poly-branched poly-olefins must contain one non-branched terminal olefin and one or more additional branched olefins in the molecule; hydroformylating said poly-branched poly-olefins to produce a poly-branched olefin containing aldehyde product with one or more olefins or mixture thereof; reducing the aldehyde product of step (b) in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst to form a poly-branched detergent alcohol mixture; and removing said poly-branched alcohol mixture from said catalyst and branched aldehydes, alcohols and surfactants produced from the products of this process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of trimethylolpropane with a low color number by treatment with activated carbon.

Abstract: Acyclic polyaldehydes and polyalcohols having 11, 16 or 21 carbon atoms and comprising at least two aldehyde or hydroxyl alcohol groups, at least three branches, and three or less carbon-carbon double bonds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for improving the color of trimethylolpropane which comprises the steps of a) supplying a crude, aqueous base solution of trimethylolpropane, containing color causing impurities, and having a pH of less than about 9; b) contacting said base solution with an alkaline material for a period of time sufficient to increase the pH of said base solution to greater than 11 and at a sufficient temperature to allow the color causing impurities to react with said alkaline material; c) cooling the resulting solution from step (b) for a sufficient period of time; d) contacting said base solution of step (c) with an organic acid for a sufficient period of time to lower the pH thereof to less than about 9.

Abstract: A polymer obtainable by polycondensation or polyaddition of monomeric compounds, wherefor accompanying use is made as monomeric compound of 2-(2-methylbutyl)-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol of the formula I or its alkoxylated derivatives (also referred to collectively below as C11 diol).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing neopentyl glycol by addition of isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of a tertiary alkylamine as catalyst to give the hydroxypivalinaldehyde with subsequent liquid phase hydrogenation in the presence of a nickel catalyst at a temperature of 80 to 180° C. and at a pressure of 6 to 18 MPa in the presence of an aliphatic alcohol and in the presence of water.

Abstract: Substituted alditol or carbohydrate compounds having a specified general formula are provided. A method for synthesizing such substituted alditol or carbohydrate compounds is also provided.

Abstract: The preparation of hydroxypivalaldehyde is effected by aldolizing isobutyraldehyde with formaldehyde and subsequently working up the resulting reaction effluent by distillation, wherein the reaction effluent is fed to a distillation column which is operated at a top pressure in the range from 0.5 to 1.5 bar and in which a two-stage condensation is provided in the top region, in which the vapors are first conducted into a partial condenser operated at a temperature in the range from 50 to 80° C., whose condensate is recycled at least partly into the distillation column, and in which the vapors uncondensed in the partial condenser are fed to a downstream condenser operated at a temperature in the range from ?40 to +30° C., whose condensate is at least partly discharged.

Abstract: Methods, enzymes, recombinant microorganism, and microbial systems are provided for converting suitable monosaccharides or oligosaccharides, such as those derived from biomass, as well as various aldehydes and/or ketones, into commodity chemicals, such as biofuels. Commodity chemicals produced by the methods described herein are also provided. Commodity chemical enriched, refinery-produced petroleum products are also provided, as well as methods for producing the same.

Abstract: A method of preparing monopentaerythritol, dipentaerthritol, and sodium formate through high temperature condensation and cascade recrystallization is disclosed. The method lowers the energy consumption dramatically and improves the cost-effectiveness by carrying out the reaction in a non-low-temperature zone, and thereby avoiding the requirement for refrigeration. The method alleviates the difficulty of separation and improves the product quality by means of cascade separation process, and thereby avoiding the low purity from a single separation. In addition, the mother liquor obtained after each separation step is recycled to the previous step as the recycling liquor, which avoids discharging waste, increases the product yield and lowers raw materials consumption.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of trimethylolpropane with a low color number by treatment with activated carbon.

Abstract: A carrier that may be used in the manufacture of an olefin epoxidation catalyst is provided that is prepared from a process involving depositing boron on the carrier and subsequently calcining the carrier. Also provided is an olefin epoxidation catalyst comprising a silver component deposited on such a calcined carrier. Also provided is a process for the epoxidation of an olefin employing such a catalyst and a process for producing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, or an alkanolamine employing the olefin oxide.

Abstract: The preparation of hydroxypivalaldehyde is effected by aldolizing isobutyraldehyde with formaldehyde and subsequently working up the resulting reaction effluent by distillation, wherein the reaction effluent is fed to a distillation column which is operated at a top pressure in the range from 0.5 to 1.5 bar and in which a two-stage condensation is provided in the top region, in which the vapors are first conducted into a partial condenser operated at a temperature in the range from 50 to 80° C., whose condensate is recycled at least partly into the distillation column, and in which the vapors uncondensed in the partial condenser are fed to a downstream condenser operated at a temperature in the range from ?40 to +30° C., whose condensate is at least partly discharged.

Abstract: Acyclic polyaldehydes and polyalcohols having 11, 16 or 21 carbon atoms and comprising at least two aldehyde or hydroxyl alcohol groups, at least three branches, and three or less carbon-carbon double bonds.

Abstract: Highly-functionalized, low-viscosity polyether polyols are obtained by dehydration condensation reaction of alcohols. The polyether polyols are obtained by dehydration condensation of glycerin and monohydric and/or dihydric alcohol with the glycerin percentage being more than 50 mol % relative to 100 mol % of the total of the glycerin and alcohol. The glycerin may be crude glycerin obtained by hydrolysis or alcoholysis of natural fat and oils.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing monopentaerythritol of high purity and monopentaerythritol produced by the process. Formaldehyde is reacted with acetaldehyde in an aqueous solution in the presence of a strongly basic hydroxide in a conventional way. The obtained reaction mixture is evaporated to a dryness of 50-70% by weight and is thereafter cooled. Crystals of pentaerythritol thereby formed are separated off. The crystals are dissolved in water or in a water-containing mother liquor containing pentaerythritol to a dryness of 35-55% by weight. The solution is treated in a purification step whereupon monopentaerythritol of high purity is crystallized at a temperature of 40-90° C. and separated from the remaining mother liquor which is recirculated to the above mentioned step.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the catalytic hydrogenation of methylol alkanals of general formula (I), where R1 and R2 independently represent an additional methylol group or an alkyl group having with 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group with 1 to 22 C atoms, or an aryl group or aralkyl group with 6 to 33 carbon atoms, in the liquid phase on a hydrogenation catalyst. The inventive method is characterized in that a pH value ranging between 6.3 and 7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel dihydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, metabolic syndrome disorders (e.g., Syndrome X), thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient.