Abstract: An improved process for preparing an organic phosphonium chloride is performed by bringing an organic phosphonium bromide into contact with a chloride ion in a heterogeneous mixture solution of water and an organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkylene glycols by reacting an alkylene oxide with water in the presence of at least one ionic composition of a quaternary phosphonium cation of the general formulaR.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 P.sup.+Whereby each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently, may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, each of which may carry one or more substituents, or be attached to a polymer and an anion other than metalate or halogen.

Abstract: Preparing (3R, 3'R)-zeaxanthin of the formula I ##STR1## starting from (4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone of the formula II ##STR2## via the novel intermediates (4R,6R)-1-formyl-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane of the formula IV ##STR3## (4R,6R)-1-(3-oxo-1-butenyl)-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane of the formula V ##STR4## (4R,6R)-1-(3- hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-pentadienyl)-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan e of the formula VI ##STR5## [5-(4R,6R)-(4-hydr oxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexylidene)-3-methyl-1,3-pentadienyl]triarylphos phonium salt of the formula iso-III ##STR6## where Ar is aryl and X is one equivalent of an anion of a strong acid. The (4R,6R)-1-formyl-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane of formula IV is obtained by reacting the ketone of the formula II with dichloromethyllithium, which can be prepared by metallation of dichloromethane with butyllithium or lithium diisopropylamide.

Abstract: Synthetic methods for lactone-containing compounds such as the discodermolides are provided, as are compounds which mimic the chemical and/or biological activity thereof, and methods and intermediates useful in their preparation.

Abstract: A phosphonium salt compound having an acryl group which is represented by the following general formula (3) can be made in simple operations: ##STR1## (wherein A represents a alkylene group, Y represents Cl, Br or I, R.sup.1 represents H or CH.sub.3, and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent a alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl group) by reacting an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid halide of the following general formula (1):CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 --COX (1)(wherein R.sup.1 represents H or CH.sub.3 and X represents Cl, Br or I) with a hydroxyalkyl phosphonium salt compound of the following general formula (2):[HO--A--P.sup.+ R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 ]Y.sup.- (2)(wherein A, Y, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the same meanings as defined above). The present invention is industrially advantageous since the product can have a very high purity and be obtained in high yield by an easy operation.

Abstract: A method is provided to prepare a cationic transition metal catalyst, the method including the steps of: providing a disubstituted phosphine selected from the group consisting of RPH and R.sub.1 R.sub.2 PH wherein R is a divalent group selected from substituted and nonsubstituted hydrocarbon groups, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from substituted and nonsubstituted hydrocarbon groups; combining the disubstituted phosphine with a salt of the formula R.sub.3 X.sub.n wherein X is a good leaving group and is a weakly coordinating anion and R.sub.3 is a substituted or nonsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon and n is 1, 2, or 3 to form a phosphonium salt of a formula selected from R.sub.3 (RP.sup.+ H).sub.n nX.sup.- and R.sub.3 (R.sub.1 R.sub.2 P.sup.+ H).sub.n nX.sup.- ; and combining the phosphonium salt with a transition metal salt of the formula MY.sub.m wherein M is a transition metal, and Y is the anion of a weak acid thereby forming a cationic transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: Novel cyanophosphorus compounds are disclosed. The preparation, purification, and characterization of dicyanophosphinate, cyanopolyphosphates, tricyanocyclotriphosphonate and tetracyanocyclotetraphosphate are presented.

Abstract: Compounds containing a tetradecachlorocyclohexasilane dianion are prepared by contacting trichlorosilane with a reagent composition comprising a tertiary polyamine. The compound ?pedeta.SiH.sub.2 Cl.sup.+1 !.sub.2 ?Si.sub.6 Cl.sub.14.sup.-2 ! wherein pedeta is N,N,N',N",N"-pentaethyldiethylenetriamine is prepared by contacting trichlorosilane with pedeta. The compound ?Ph.sub.4 P.sup.+1 !.sub.2 ?Si.sub.6 Cl.sub.14.sup.-2 ! is prepared by contacting trichlorosilane with a mixture of N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine and triphenylphosphonium chloride. The tetradecachlorocyclohexasilane dianion can be chemically reduced to cyclohexasilane, a compound useful in the deposition of amorphous silicon films. The tetradecachlorcyclohexasilane dianion can also be contacted with a Grignard reagent to form a dodecaorganocyclohexasilane.

Abstract: The novel cyanophosphonate compounds of the present invention include cyanophosphonate salts, cyanophosphonate monoacid salts, cyanophosphonate monoacid esters, cyanophosphonate monoester salts and cyanophosphonate methylester salts.

Abstract: Metallocene complexes having a cationic bridge of the formula ##STR1## where the substituents have the following meanings: M is a metal of transition group III, IV, V or VI of the Periodic Table of the Elements or a metal of the lanthanide group,X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 -aryl or --OR.sup.5,R.sup.1 to R.sup.12, Y, Z and n having the meanings set out in the specification, said complexes can be prepared via ligand systems of the formula II ##STR2## as intermediates.

Abstract: A process for preparing cyanophosphonate derivatives involves contacting phosphoric anhydride (P.sub.4 O.sub.10) and a cyanide, preferably in the presence of a Lewis base, in a reaction mixture under sufficient conditions to produce a cyanophosphonate derivative. The cyanophosphonate derivative can be subsequently hydrogenated to produce an aminomethylphosphonate derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for forming an N-.alpha.-amino protected amino acid fluoride in situ by reacting an N-.alpha.-amino protected amino acid with an ionic fluoride salt in the presence of a peptide coupling agent. It is also directed to the use of the amino acid fluoride thus formed in peptide synthesis.

Abstract: The invention is directed to systematic synthetic and testing strategies for .alpha.-keto acids, esters and amides. The method of synthesis comprises (A) reacting (cyanomethylene)triphenylphosphorane with a carbonyl compound selected from carboxylic acids (RCOOH) and acyl chlorides (RCOCl) to make a cyano keto phosphorane, (B) oxidizing said phosphorane and (C) reacting the oxidized product with a nucleophile (NuH) to make the product .alpha.-keto acid, ester or amide. Systematic synthesis and testing are achieved by a modular approach in which arrays of molecules are generated by variation of R and Nu.

Abstract: Quaternary salts having a double helix structure are prepared by the reaction of dihydroxyaromatic compound, preferably a bisphenol, with an alkali metal hydroxide and a quaternary salt, such as a tetraalkylammonium or hexaalkylguanidinium chloride. The quaternary salts and their alkaline hydrolysis products are useful as catalysts in various reactions, including imide formation from bisphenol salts and halo- or nitro-substituted phthalimides and redistribution and equilibration of polycarbonates.

Abstract: Lipid-containing prodrugs are provided for treating viral infections due to herpes, influenza, hepatitis B, Epstein-Barr, and varicella zoster viruses, as well as cytomegalovirus and derivatives of antiviral agents. The compounds comprise phosphonoacids having antiviral activity which are linked, either through the phosphate group or carboxyl group of the phosphonoacid, to one of a selected group of lipids. Phosphonoacetic acid and phosphonoformic acid are thus linked to phospholipids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, or fatty acids. The compounds persist, after intracellular hydrolysis, as the antiviral phosphonoacids. The lipid prodrugs are effective in improving the efficacy of antiviral phosphonoacids by prolonging their antiviral activity following administration.

Abstract: Phosphepinium Salts ThereofThe present invention relates to phosphonium salts of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which Ar--Ar is a biphenyl radical, a 1-phenylnaphthyl radical or a 1,1'-binaphthyl radical, each CH.sub.2 group is arranged in the ortho position to the Ar--Ar bond, R is F, an alkyl radical or an alkoxy radical respectively having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 0 to 4, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and, independently of each other, are an alkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, or are a radical Ar.sup.1 --(R.sup.3).sub.m, where Ar.sup.1 is a phenyl or naphthyl radical, R.sup.3 is F, Cl, CF.sub.3, SO.sub.3 H, SO.sub.3 Me (Me.dbd.Li, Na or K), a dialkylamino radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl radical or an alkoxy radical respectively having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and m is an integer from 0 to 5, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: Quaternary (e.g., tetraalkylammonium and tetraalkylphosphonium) salts containing non-halide anions are prepared by performing an anion exchange reaction by liquid-liquid extraction with a chlorinated solvent of a mixture of an aqueous solution an alkali metal salt of the anion and a corresponding quaternary halide.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted hydroquinone derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 is lower alkyl and either R.sub.1 is hydroxy, halogen, a group of the formula --P(=O)(R.sub.5)R.sub.6 (Ia), a group of the formula --P.sup.+ (R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)R.sub.9 X.sup.- (Ib) or a group of the formula --Si(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8)R.sub.9 (Ic), M is methylene, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a group of the formula ##STR2## and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or halogen, or .sub.1 is hydroxy or lower alkoxy, M is carbonyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen and R.sub.3 is halogen, each of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, independently of the other, is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy Or N,N-di-lower alkylamino, or is benzyl, benzyloxy, phenyl or phenoxy, each of which is unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted at the phenyl ring, to a process for the preparation of those compounds and to the use of those compounds, and to a process in which those compounds are used.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there is provided a cyclopentadienyl-type ligand represented by the formula ZA, wherein Z is a cyclopentadienyl-type group, wherein A is --YPR.sub.2, --YNR.sub.2, or --NR.sub.2, wherein Y is an alkylene group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein each R is individually selected from alkyl groups containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Another aspect of the invention is to provide a metallocene represented by the formula ZAMX.sub.3, wherein Z and A are as described above, M is a Group IVB or VB transition metal, and X is a halide. Other aspects of the present invention include catalyst systems comprising the metallocenes and an organoaluminoxane, processes for preparing the above defined ligands, metallocenes and catalyst systems, and polymerization processes employing the catalyst systems.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for preparing an ambient temperature molten salt, which comprises treating an ambient temperature molten salt consisting essentially of 20 to 50 mole % of an aluminum halide and 80 to 50 mole % of an onium halide, containing oxygen-containing impurities originating from water with thionyl chloride anda process for preparing an ambient temperature molten salt for effecting aluminum electroplating, which comprises treating mixed ambient temperature molten salts consisting essentially of 30 to 50 mole % of an aluminum halide and 70 to 50 mole % of an onium halide, containing oxygen-containing impurities originating from water with thionyl chloride, and then adding aluminum halide to the molten salt to prepare an ambient temperature molten salt composition consisting essentially of 50 to 80 mole % of an aluminum halide and 50 to 20 mole % of an onium halide.

Abstract: Compounds represented by general formula (I), herbicides or selective herbicides for paddy field containing said compounds as active ingredients, method of controlling growth of undesirable plants by applying the herbicides on places where control is desired. ##STR1## wherein A represents a --S(O)nR.sup.1 in which n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.1 represents a (substituted) lower alkyl; a cycloalkyl; a (substituted) benzyl; a (substituted) phenyl; or a --OR.sup.2 in which R.sup.2 represents a (substituted) phenyl;B represents a halogen, a nitro, a lower alkyl, or a lower alkylsulfonyl;D represents a hydrogen, a lower alkyl, a lower alkoxy, a lower alkoxymethyl, or a lower alkoxycarbonyl;E represents a halogen, a (substituted) lower alkoxy, a lower alkylthio, a (substituted) lower alkylsulfonyl, or a lower alkylsulfonyloxy.The herbicides of the present invention can prevent a wide variety of noxious weeds and further selectively prevent weeds on paddy field with considerably reduced phytotoxicities on rice plant.

Abstract: A process for preparing 9-(Z)-retinoic acid from mother liquors from the industrial preparation of C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salts of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are each aryl and X.sup..crclbar. is halogen or (HSO.sub.4).sup..crclbar., in an organic solvent, which comprisesA. increasing the proportion of 9-(Z)-C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt in the C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salts isolated from the mother liquor by treatment with isopropanol at elevated temperature, cooling and separating off the all-(E)-C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt which has crystallized out,B. subjecting the resulting C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt to a Wittig reaction with an alkyl .beta.-formylcrotonate of the general formula ##STR2## and C. hydrolyzing the resulting oily retinoic ester mixture in a C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of phosphonium salts by the use of chlorides, which is useful in the course of synthesis of olefin compounds by the Wittig reaction, and which comprises reacting a phosphine compound of the general formulaR.sup.1.sub.3 Pwherein R.sup.1 is a phenyl group or a straight-chain alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, with a primary or secondary chloride of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrocarbon radicals, in a solvent selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and N,N-1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and in the presence of an alkali metal salt of the general formula MBr or MI.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the preparation of new bridged cyclopentadienylmagnesium compounds of the general formula Q(CpR.sub.a)(Cp'R'.sub.a ')Mg, and the use thereof for preparing bridged metallocenes.

Abstract: Disclosed are new bridged cyclopentadienylmagnesium compounds of the general formula Q(CpR.sub.a) (Cp'R'.sub.a')Mg, processes for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof for preparing bridged metallocenes.

Abstract: The reaction between epoxy compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds or anhydrides is catalyzed with a phosphine or phosphonium compound containing at least three C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl phenyl groups attached to the phosphorous atom per molecule.

Abstract: The reaction between epoxy compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds or anhydrides is catalyzed with a phosphine or phosphonium compound containing at least three C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl phenyl groups attached to the phosphorous atom per molecule.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a quaternary onium salt is described. The process comprises the steps of (i) contacting an organic phase soaringly miscible in water containing a quaternary onium fluorine-containing carboxylate of RfCO.sub.2.sup.-+ AR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 as defined in the present Specification with an aqueous phase containing a thiocyanate ion to form a quaternary onium thiocyanate in the organic phase and (ii) contacting the organic phase containing the quaternary onium thiocyanate with an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble oxidizing agent to decompose the thiocyanate ion and to form an easily ion exchangeable quaternary onium salt. Also, applications of this treatment to a process for preparing hexafluoropropylene oxide from hexafluoropropylene in a two-phase system of an aqueous phase and an organic phase by using a hypochlorite as an oxidizing agent in the presence of a quaternary onium salt as a catalyst are described.

Abstract: Allylphosphines and vinylphosphines are prepared by reaction of a phosphine with an allylhalide or a vinylhalide, respectively. Preferably the phosphine is a secondary phosphine, so that there is formed an allyldialkylphosphine or a dialkylvinylphosphine. The allyldialkylphosphine can be reacted further with dialkylphosphine under free radical conditions to yield a 1,3-bis-(dialkylphosphino)propane. The dialkylvinylphosphine can be reacted further with dialkylphosphine under free radical conditions to yield a 1,2 bis-(dialkylphosphino)ethane. These compounds are useful as bidentate ligands.

Abstract: The reaction between epoxy compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds or anhydrides is catalyzed with a phosphine or phosphonium compound containing at least three C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl phenyl groups attached to the phosphorus atom per molecule.

Abstract: Phosphonium salts of the formula ##STR1## wherein A signifies aryl and Y.sup.- signifies C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkanoate or hydroxytrifluoroborate, as well as their manufacture from 3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,4,6,10-tetraen-3-ol with a triarylphosphine and with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkanoic acid or a boron trifluoride etherate and, if desired after conversion into the phosphonium salt of a strong acid, further reaction to give lycopene.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaR.sup.1 3Y.sup..sym. R.sup.2 X.sup..crclbar. (I)in which the radicals R.sup.1 are identical or different and are C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl-substituted phenyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, benzyl, tolyl, or hydroxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and R.sup.2 is straight-chain or branched C.sub.8 -C.sub.2 alkyl, and Y is P or N, or R.sup.1 3Y.sup..sym. R.sup.2 is ##STR1## in which R.sup.4 is H or --CH.sub.3, or ##STR2## and X is BF.sub.4 or PF.sub.6, which are used as biocides, in particular in industrial solutions, in paints or in solid materials.

Abstract: An anion-selective electrode of the present invention comprises, as anion sensitive substance, a tetraalkyl type, quaternary phosphonium salt having four alkyl radicals, each having 8 to 24 carbon atoms; a combination of a tetraalkyl onium salt having four alkyl radicals each having 10 to 24 carbon atoms, and an onium salt having one alkyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms and three alkyl radicals with the proviso that the number of carbon atoms contained in the three alkyl radicals each is larger than that contained in the one alkyl radical; or a tetraalkyl type, quaternary onium salt having an asymmetrical molecular structure. The anion-selective electrode has good properties including selectivity and measurement accuracy. An anion-selective, field effect transistor or a chemical analysis apparatus, provided with the anion-selective sensitive substance, is suitable for measuring an anion concentration with a high accuracy.

Abstract: Antimicrobial mixtures contain quaternary ammonium compounds and quaternary phosphonium compounds in a ratio by weight of from 1:9 to 9:1.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic material with a very narrow electronic spin resonance (ESR) line. This material is formed by a 1, 2, 7, 8-tetrahydrocyclopentataperylene salt which may have, advantageously, undergone a heat treatment. The material can be applied to the fabrication of probes for gaussmeters and magnetometers.

Abstract: Phosphonium compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## in which at least one of the radicals R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 is a fluorine-substituted, saturated alkyl radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and 3 to 50 fluorine atoms, which can contain further substituents, or at least one of the radicals R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 is a fluorine-substituted aryl radical or an aralkyl radical substituted by fluorine on the aromatic ring, it being possible for the aryl or aralkyl radical to be further substituted on the aromatic ring, and the alkyl bridge between the phosphorus atom and the aromatic ring, in the case of an aralkyl radical, containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and at most three of the radicals R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 independently of the others are hydrogen atoms, unsaturated or saturated, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alkyl radicals or aryl or aralkyl radicals which can be substituted on the aromatic ring, and R.sub.5 to R.sub.

Abstract: An antistatic resin composition with transparency contains 90-99.9 wt % of a synthetic resin selected from polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate and 0.1-10 wt % of a heat-resistant antistat containing phosphonium sulfonate shown by the general formula (I) below: ##STR1## where A is alkyl group with 1-36 carbon atoms, alkenyl group with 4-24 carbon atoms, phenyl group, phenyl group substituted by alkyl group with 1-18 carbon atoms, naphthyl group or naphthyl group substituted by alkyl group with 1-18 carbon atoms, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical, each being an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 1-8 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R.sup.4 is a hydrocarbon group with 1-18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Novel phosphonium salts of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may optionally be substituted; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may optionally be substituted; R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may optionally be substituted; X is a hydroxyl group, a hydroxycarbonyloxy group or a lower alkylcarbonyloxy group, and processes for production of the salts are described. Telomerization catalysts containing said phosphonium salts and processes for production of straight-chain alkadienyl compounds using the same catalysts are also provided.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of asymmetrical alkaline earth metal organoborates and organoaluminates represented by the formula I: ##STR1## and asymmetrical alkaline earth metal organoarsenates and organophosphates represented by the formula II: ##STR2## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of boron and aluminum; X is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus and arsenic; M is an alkaline earth metal; and in which R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 are independently selected from alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, and cyano with the proviso that R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 are not all the same.

Abstract: A process for producing quaternary salts of high purity is disclosed, comprising reacting a tertiary amine or phosphine with a carbonic acid diester to form a corresponding quaternary carbonate and further mixing it with an acid to perform decarboxylation. The quaternary salts thus obtained are useful compounds which can be used in wide fields as various catalysts, electrolytes, additives, medicaments, etc.

Abstract: An aqueous, resinous solution of a curable, polymeric reaction product, the cured polymeric flame resistant coating and methods for producing them are provided. The solution is formed by direct reaction or prepolymer reaction and chain extension reaction of a methylol and/or hydroxyl-containing quaternary phosphonium compound, divalent nitrogen-containing compound and a heteroatom-containing compound. A nitrogen-containing compound has at least 2 active hydrogen and/or methylol radicals. The direct or prepolymer reaction has present a tertiary amine.

Abstract: For use in magnetic recording tapes and for other purposes, iron and iron alloy materials are passivated and protected against oxidative corrosion by treatment with a solution of a non-hygroscopic salt of bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene) ammonium cation with an anion such as nitrate or chromate.

Abstract: Novel 9-phenyl 5,6-dimethyl-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid,- tetraenal or tetraenol derivatives useful as anti-tumor agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to intermediate compounds having the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is H, an alkyl, arylalkyl or an aliphatic acyl radical, preferably a benzyl or acetyl group and wherein X and Y together span an additional bond between the X and Y carrying C atoms (Ia) or in which Y is OH and X is H (Ib) and in which the dotted line can represent an additional bond particularly[2R,1'Z,3'E,7'E]-6-benzyloxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4',8',12'-trimethyl-tri deca-1',3',7'-trien-1'-yl)chroman and6-benzyloxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(1'-hydroxy-4',8',12'-trimethyl-trideca-3 ',7'-diene-1'-yl)chroman, as well as compounds and methods of preparing compounds having the general formula II ##STR2## in which Z is one of the groups ##STR3## wherein R.sup.2 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms preferably CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl or 2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group, either of which may be unsubstituted or substituted by a hydroxy group or a protected hydroxy group, R.sup.2 is aryl, and X.sup.- is an anionare manufactured by hydrogenating a compound of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and X.crclbar. are as above, in an organic solvent or aqueous-organic solvent in the presence of a nickel-, palladium-, platinum-, cobalt-, rhodium-, iridium-, or ruthenium-containing catalyst.The process is suitable as an intermediate step in carotenoid and retinoid syntheses.

Abstract: Novel advanced epoxy resins are prepared using phosphine or phosphonium salt initiators bearing at least one hydroxyphenyl or thiophenyl groups. These phosphonium salt initiators are novel compositions of matter. The resulting resins contain reduced quantities of extractable phosphorus containing moieties.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 1,4-bis[2-(4'-carbomethoxystyrenyl)] benzene is disclosed. This process comprises reacting, at a temperature of about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C., in a highly polar anhydrous organic solvent or solvent mixture, or in liquid ammonia, a p-xylylene-bis-(trialkylphosphonium halide) or p-xylylene-bis-(triarylphosphonium halide) with 4-carbomethoxybenzaldehyde, initiated by the slow introduction of an organometallic compound or an inorganic base. Polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, are copolymerized with about 5 to about 20 parts per million of 1,4-bis[2-(4'-carbomethoxystyrenyl)] benzene. 1,4-bis[2-(4'-carbomethoxystyrenyl)] benzene is useful to provide permanent whiteness to polyesters and polyamides and other synthetic or natural polymers. Polyesters are useful for the manufacture of fibers, films, and related industrial products.

Abstract: Novel 9-phenyl 5,6-dimethyl-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid,-tetraenal or tetraenol derivatives useful as anti-tumor agents.

Abstract: There are provided novel sulfonated Group Va ylides defined by the following Formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for removing onium salts from aqueous solutions comprising adding a phenolic compound to an onium salt containing aqueous solution, contacting the solution with a water-immiscible organic material whereby the onium salt migrates into the water-immiscible organic material and separating the aqueous hase from the onium salt in the water-immiscible organic material.