Abstract: An improved air nozzle for processing a fiber bundle such as a staple fiber roving or a multifilament yarn. The air nozzle comprises a narrow channel and a wide channel in series, and part of the narrow channel protrudes into the inside of the wide channel so that a double tube is formed in the connecting portion thereof. Further, at least one jet is provided in the wide channel in the vicinity of the protruding end of the narrow channel. Due to this construction, no turbulence occurs in the wide channel during operation and an excellent sucking effect, as well as an excellent twisting effect, is obtained.

Abstract: Continuous multifilament glass fiber roving of from 300 to 10,000 tex is rendered catenary-free without twisted by passing it at from 150 to 300 meters/minute through an air treatment zone in which it is exposed to air at from 400 to 600 KN/meter.sup.2 at a volume throughput of from 0.5 to 1.5 cubic meters/minute, the air treatment being carried out in the absence of positive overfeed whereby there is no bulking of the roving, followed by winding the treated roving into a package.

Abstract: An air nozzle for producing a sheath-core type fancy yarn, comprising a hollow cylindrical nozzle body in which a vortex occurs around an axis thereof due to a suction flow of a subatmospheric pressure source. Within the nozzle body a conical cap and a ring body are arranged in series. A sheath yarn is overfed into the nozzle body in the tangential direction to the inner surface of the body and wraps around the conical cap to form a plurality of loops due to the vortex, then entangles a core yarn running straight through the nozzle body. Since an outer surface of the conical cap and a central opening of the ring body guide the vortex smoothly along a yarn path, a fancy yarn having uniformly and tightly entangled loops can be obtained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing novelty yarn with an unusual configuration. An effect yarn is fed to a novelty yarn jet, and a core yarn is fed to a different yarn port in the same jet, the core yarn being maintained substantially taut. The combined core and effect novelty yarn is taken up from the jet and periodically (preferably pseudo-randomly) a pronounced variation in linear density is provided in the combined yarn. This linear density variation is accomplished by introducing a first fluid pulse into the jet at a first position to form a loop in the effect yarn, which loop extends substantially coincident with a portion of the core yarn, and then utilizing a second fluid pulse at a spaced position from the first pulse to impart a spiraling and/or rotating action to the loop of effect yarn to wind the effect yarn around the core yarn.

Abstract: Method to produce an entangled yarn product by air entangling a drawn core yarn and a drawn effect yarn. The effect yarn draw ratio is higher than the core yarn draw ratio which results in a composite yarn in which the birefringence of the core yarn is greater than that of the effect yarn.

Abstract: A bulky, tangled, twisted singles yarn is provided having good bulk and aesthetics. The yarn also has exceptional column strength and resistance of bending and untwisting. The yarn is particularly useful as a sweater yarn or half-hose yarn. The yarn is produced by passing twisted singles yarn having latent bulk through a chamber wherein the yarn is tangled and heated by means of a heated fluid such as superheated steam.

Abstract: A bulky, heatset, tangled, twisted singles carpet yarn is provided having exceptional column strength and resistance to bending and untwisting. Cut pile produced therefrom has excellent tuft rigidity and endpoint definition. The yarn is produced by passing a bulked, twisted singles yarn through a chamber wherein the yarn is tangled and heatset with a heated fluid such as steam.

Abstract: Improvements in conventional ring spinning processes of the type wherein a strand of staple fibers if drafted, twisted and collected on a ring spinning frame are obtained by the added step of subjecting the strand to the twisting action of a pneumatic false twister between the drafting and collecting steps. The added step improves performance and/or permits the process to be operated at higher front roll delivery speeds for any given spindle speed without sacrificing performance. The higher delivery speeds results in improvements in the productivity of the process and the apparent value of staple yarn produced thereby.

Abstract: An effect yarn and process for manufacture thereof is disclosed when the effect comprises a slub that is formed after the yarn leaves the yarn package during later knitting or weaving operations. The effect yarn is particularly useful since it processes through such operations similar to conventional air-plied yarns.

Abstract: A bulky textured multifilament yarn comprises sections of interlaced individual filaments and sections of non-interlaced individual filaments, wherein the interlaced and non-interlaced sections are formed alternately along the lengthwise direction of the yarn, the filaments in any predetermined length of the yarn are substantially identical in length, and some portions of the individual filaments protrude out from the axis of the yarn. The yarn is made by slackening a multifilament yarn treated by a false twisting operation, and then by interlacing the slackened multifilament yarn by means of a fluid jet stream while taking up the multifilament yarn.

Abstract: A novel synthetic heather yarn is comprised of a first yarn in the form a relatively loose matrix of crimped filaments which are randomly intermingled with portions of a bulked differentially-colored or colorable second yarn which contains frequent periodic color-point nodes of high filament entanglement and which nodes are free from filament intermingling with said first yarn. The combined yarn is made using fluid-jets first to make the nodes in the color-print yarn or yarns and then to combine the color-point with the matrix yarn in a subsequent filament intermingling zone.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for producing a crimped continuous multifilament yarn by the sequential steps of air-jet texturizing to form multiple random filamentary loops, immediately pulling out metastable loops formed in the yarn without heating and without stretching or deforming the yarn filaments, next shrinking and heat setting the yarn at a temperature of about 150.degree.-245.degree. C., and then winding the yarn onto a spool at a predetermined yarn tension. The resulting spooled texturized yarn has valuable properties and characteristics in subsequent processing and textile operations.

Abstract: An apparatus for infeeding textile band material to a consumer, especially for infeeding a sliver deposited in a can to a spinning machine, comprising a transport tube extending between a feed location and a consumer. There is provided means for generating, within the transport tube, an infeed flow or current which flows in the direction of the consumer. Also, holder means are operatively correlated with an inlet opening of the transport tube in order to hold a starting portion of the sliver or other band-like material, such holder means enabling seizing of the starting portion of the sliver with the aid of the infeed flow.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a protected optical fiber cable and the cable produced thereby. The process for producing the cable includes the insertion of a relatively thin optical fiber within a relatively large metal tube by means of flowing a fluid around the fiber and through the tube. As the water flows within the tube, the optical fiber becomes progressively entrained within the tube. Additional steps of coating the fiber with a releasable protective coating and unwinding the fiber from a reel within a container are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a method of and apparatus for feeding a tow to a textile machine, the leading end of the tow is automatically twisted by a vortical gas flow during transport through a tube to the machine. Preferably the vortical gas flow is also used to draw the tow through the tube.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for break spinning yarn in a spinning machine. A fiber ribbon is formed into a fiber ribbon, the ribbon is false twisted in a first twisting element, staple fiber ends are lifted from the false twisted ribbon in a second, re-spinning twist imparting element, the second element being driven in the same direction as but at a higher speen than the first element, the thus resulting spun yarn is given an additional, true twist, and is then wound on a bobbin.

Abstract: A bulky continuous filament yarn, in which continuous filament core yarns of polymeric material are substantially straight and free from loops and comprise from about 65 to about 93 percent of the total filaments by weight while the remainder of the total filaments are continuous filament effect yarns having a denier per filament of up to 5.0 that are inserted between the filaments of the core yarn and protrude from the surface of the core yarn in a mixture of crunodal and arch-like loops, is made by feeding a larger denier yarn at low overfeed and a much smaller denier yarn at low to moderate overfeed through a jet supplied with ambient air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing novelty yarn with an unusual configuration. An effect yarn is fed to a novelty yarn jet, and a core yarn is fed to a different yarn port in the same jet, the core yarn being maintained substantially taut. The combined core and effect novelty yarn is taken up from the jet and periodically (preferably pseudo-randomly) a pronounced variation in linear density is provided in the combined yarn. This linear density variation is accomplished by introducing a first fluid pulse into the jet at a first position to form a loop in the effect yarn, which loop extends substantially coincident with a portion of the core yarn, and then utilizing a second fluid pulse at a spaced position from the first pulse to impart a spiraling and/or rotating action to the loop of effect yarn to wind the effect yarn around the core yarn.

Abstract: A method of producing a slub fiber is disclosed in which a metered core yarn is fed into a vortex generator and an effect yarn under continuous low level tension is fed into the balloon formed by the core yarn at the exit of the vortex generator such that the point at which the effect yarn contacts the core yarn balloon is free to move randomly, allowing the said effect yarn to form a randomized slub effect.The combined yarns are then passed through a texturing jet to more permanently bind the yarns together.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for producing a synthetic multifilament yarn having appearance, bulk and hand characteristics of conventional spun yarns of staple fibers while retaining strength characteristics of continuous filament yarns. The multifilament yarn is air jet textured to form loops, bows, coils and the like in at least the surface filaments thereof and at least some of these loops, bows, coils and the like only in the surface filaments are parted while the interior or core filaments remain substantially intact to form a yarn having free filament or fiber ends projecting from a substantially continuous filament core. The interior or core filaments are shielded or protected from being parted by false twisting the yarn (without heat setting the twist therein) to provide a substantially closed form with the interior or core filaments surrounded by the surface filaments and by parting the surface filaments while the yarn has twist therein.

Abstract: An improved method for making a continuous filament heather dyeable yarn involves cobulking in a hot fluid jet process a first unbulked yarn with a second differentially dyeable previously bulked yarn. The method enhances differential dyeability in the product when both yarns have a common type of chemical dye site and the second yarn has a greater concentration of those dye sites than the first yarn.

Abstract: A bulky, heatset, tangle, twisted singles yarn is provided having exceptional column strength and resistance to bending and untwisting. Cut pile produced therefrom has excellent tuft rigidity and endpoint definition. The yarn is produced by passing a bulked, twisted singles yarn through a chamber wherein the yarn is tangled and heatset with a heated fluid such as steam.

Abstract: A coherent, bulked, continuous-filament, heather-dyeable yarn having a more natural, spun, wool-like appearance in carpets when dyed is produced by overfeeding lighter dyeing filaments to a greater degree than the darker dyeing ones through a turbulent fluid-jet intermingling zone.

Abstract: Two or more single strands are formed and false twisted to provide sections of S-twist and Z-twist which are longitudinally spaced apart and separated by nodes which have no twist. The strands while moving longitudinally are held against rotation at points between which the adjacent strands twist in a same direction. The twist between each pair of points becomes redistributed, and the strands are released to enable them to twist together to form a self twist plural strand yarn.The strands are held against rotation during twist redistribution by apparatus which includes a device for interconnecting the strands at the points, and a rotation preventer which moves with and lies between the strands adjacent to the interconnected points.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for introducing a first strand into a continuously moving second strand are provided by positioning the first strand in spaced relation along the length of the continuously advancing second strand, and laterally moving the first strand to engage the continuously moving second strand such that the first strand is continuously advanced with the second strand.

Abstract: A bulk yarn formed from a plurality of multi-filament yarns having alternating compact and open segments. The compact segments include first and second plaited portions which are twisted in opposite directions. The open segments of the yarn are defined by loosely bundled multi-filament yarn. The apparatus for bulking the yarn includes an elongated housing having a longitudinal bore extending therethrough. Pressurized air passes through diametrically opposed passages for contacting the yarn as it passes through the bore for producing the bulking effect thereon.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a continuous multifilament yarn of melt-spinnable, polymeric material which is essentially free from stretch and which comprises draw-texturing a first continuous filament yarn end, combining the first end with a second flat continuous filament yarn end, and feeding the combined textured and flat ends through a jet interlacer in an overfeed condition with the textured end being fed at a greater rate of overfeed than that of the flat end. An alternate process is disclosed wherein draw-texturing of the first textured yarn end and drawing of the second flat yarn end are performed simultaneously prior to jet interlacing of the overfed combined ends. Also disclosed is the spun-like continuous multifilament yarn produced by the novel process as well as resulting fabric made from the yarn.

Abstract: An apparatus for twisting a fibre strand to have repeated along its length alternating zones of opposite twist comprises a fluid vortex device having two fluid inlets and a valve controlling fluid flow to the inlets. The valve comprises a hollow cylindrical rotatable valve member and a sleeve having a number of outlet ports surrounding the member. Fluid supplied to the hollow member is distributed to the outlet ports by rotation of the member. Plastics dry bearings between the member and the sleeve act to prevent improper flow of air along the abutting surfaces. The vortex device comprises a member formed with a bore, the bore having a wide port into which the fluid is injected through the inlets and a restricted port forming a venturi of diameter of the order twice that of the yarn. A plug through which the yarn passes at the end of the bore remote from the venturi inhibits escape of air from that end.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a continuous multifilament yarn of melt-spinnable, polymeric material which comprises draw-texturing first and second continuous filament yarn ends separately and then combining the yarn ends in an interlacing zone by feeding one of the yarn ends at a higher speed than the other through a jet entangler to interlace the yarns together. Also disclosed is the spun-like continuous multifilament yarn produced by the novel process.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for producing a randomized novelty yarn which exhibits essentially no uniform characteristics along its length and a novelty irregular fabric produced therefrom. The novelty yarn is comprised of at least two unlike yarn ends whose different characteristics, when formed into a combination yarn, produce a fabric which is essentially non-uniform and exhibits a random pattern over the length and width thereof.

Abstract: A method of forming a self-twisted fibrous structure comprises twisting two strands of similar count such that each has repeated along its length alternating zones of opposite twist, converging the strands at a convergence point such that they partly untwist around one another to form a self-twisted structure and acting on the strands at or downstream of the convergence point by applying further alternating zones of opposite twist so as to modify the strand to ply twist ratio of the structure. The further twist is applied at a point not greater than one half cycle length from the first twist point and at a phase difference 20.degree. to 60.degree. following.

Abstract: A composite yarn of a falsetwist textured continuous multifilament end and spun yarn end fluid entangled with an interyarn tangle factor of at least 20 is disclosed. The spun yarn end is wrapped around the continuous filament end in alternate and varying degrees while individual filaments of the continuous filament yarn are wrapped around the spun yarn at "locking points" along the length of the spun yarn and interlaced together. A method for manufacture of the composite yarn is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novelty yarn having a pronounced variation in linear density is obtained by passing at least one multifilament yarn through a fluid tangling zone and by alternatingly and mechanically tensioning and relaxing the yarn within the tangling zone.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a spun yarn having novel structure and a method of producing the same. The spun yarn of the present invention consists of a number of fibers arranged in a predetermined direction and twisted together, one end of which fibers is spirally wound around the surface of the yarn. The yarn of the present invention is spun by successively passing a sliver through a pneumatic yarn twisting device, untwisting tube, and false twisting device in turn. The twisting device, untwisting tube and false twisting device are disposed between front rollers and delivery rollers.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for spinning yarn of staple fiber in an air vortex in a spinning tube. Separated fibers are withdrawn from the spinning tube in counterdirection to a whirling flow of air produced in a pneumatic chamber coupled to the spinning tube. The yarn being built is twisted in the pneumatic twisting chamber by means of concentric air streaming producing an excited potential air vortex about the longitudinal axis of said pneumatic twisting chamber and about the yarn passing therethrough.The apparatus is characterized in that a surface of revolution defining the cavity of said chamber is formed by a peripheral surface on which at least one duct opens for supplying pressure air and which merges into lateral surfaces which, beginning from the widest portion of said peripheral surface, converge up to a distance of a gap between an outflow aperture of an outflow tube and an outflow aperture of a yarn take-off tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a layout in pneumatic spinning apparatus. In a pneumatic spinning apparatus comprising a drafting device, a pneumatic spinning device, a take-up roller, a winding device and a yarn knotting device, the respective devices are arranged to face an operation space so as to enhance the operation efficiency of the apparatus.

Abstract: A bulked and entangled multifilament thermoplastic yarn and an improved process for the formation thereof which, when tufted into a fabric, presents a grass-like appearance. The yarn is made by melt spinning and water quenching filaments of a melt spinnable synthetic organic thermoplastic polymer, such as polypropylene, in a continuous process, drawing the filaments, imparting bulk and entanglement in a fluid jet entangling mechanism and taking up the thus entangled yarn on a yarn winder. Also disclosed is an improved fluid jet entangling mechanism employed in the process.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an apparatus for producing a bulky yarn like natural fibers. The apparatus comprises a twist mechanism provided on a yarn travelling path for twisting and untwisting a yarn; a rubbing mechanism provided on the yarn travelling path of the yarn which is twisted by the twist mechanism and having a rough surface so as to rub filaments constituting the yarn for imparting scratches thereto; and a stretching mechanism provided on the downstream of the rubbing mechanism along the yarn travelling path of the untwisted yarn to stretch the yarn so that the filaments are severed at their scratches to produce a bulky yarn.

Abstract: A novelty yarn having a pronounced variation in linear density is obtained by passing at least one multifilament yarn through a fluid tangling zone and by alternatingly and mechanically tensioning and relaxing the yarn within the tangling zone. This yarn may be impregnated or coated with wax.

Abstract: A novelty yarn having a pronounced variation in linear density is obtained by passing at least two multifilament yarns through a fluid tangling zone and by alternatingly and mechanically tensioning and relaxing at least one of the yarns within the tangling zone. The novelty yarn is waxed.

Abstract: A bulked continuous multi-filament nylon yarn is intermittently debulked by passing a stream of heated gas through the yarn while it is under tension. The product comprises a bulked continuous filament yarn having adjacent sections of greater and less bulk with nodes of interlaced filaments between each section.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for modifying the properties of a bulked yarn in which the bulked yarn is passed through a conduit and is subjected therein to twisting by fluid and at least one cycle of softening the yarn by heated fluid and cooling by fluid.

Abstract: An air jet nozzle to entangle the filaments of at least a pair of multifilament yarns passing therethrough. Air is supplied substantially perpendicular to the yarn passing through the jet and an air deflector is employed on the entrance side of the jet to prevent the supplied air from blowing residue from the yarn into the yarn break detector switches.

Abstract: There is disclosed a variable denier, multifilament yarn having a slub yarn plied with a carrier yarn and displaying high weaving performance. The yarn is characterized by a certain slub size distribution, a certain minimum number of slubs, a specified maximum number of large slubs, less than one tight spot per meter and a coherency factor of from about 4-14, said coherency factor increasing as the number of large slubs increases. A process for making the yarn is also disclosed and includes the features of feeding both feed yarn and carrier yarn to a supply jet, the feed yarn being overfed while the carrier yarn is maintained under zero net overfeed, forwarding the carrier yarn to a slub jet and forwarding the feed yarn to a foraminous surface where slubs are created and thereafter combining both yarns and passing them sequentially through a slub jet, at least one interlacing jet and, optionally, a torque jet.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for introducing a first strand into a continuously moving second strand are provided by positioning the first strand in spaced relation along the length of the continuously advancing second strand, and laterally moving the first strand to engage the continuously moving second strand such that the first strand is continuously advanced with the second strand.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for directly obtaining a spun yarn from slivers. The apparatus comprises a drafting device for the sliver, a first fluid turning nozzle, a false twisting device rotating in a direction opposite to the turning direction of the fluid turning nozzle and a take-up means.

Abstract: Method and apparatus suitable for producing a spun yarn at high speed from short fibers less than 50 mm. in length. A bundle of fibers having a particular thickness distribution in its width direction is supplied through a fluid jet false-twist nozzle in which a throttle portion connecting the upstream and downstream portions of the yarn passageway is provided non-eccentrically or eccentrically with respect to the downstream portion, and the downstream portion has a fluid conduit opening eccentrically there into and inclined toward the outlet end of the downstream portion. Air preferably containing water at room temperature in the form of mist is used as the fluid jetted through said nozzle.

Abstract: A continuous yarn structure comprising at least one yarn element formed from a plurality of continuous filaments or a plurality of staple fiber lengths, the yarn structure comprising periodically repeating lengths of high bulk, substantially unentangled continuous filaments or staple fiber lengths alternating with lengths of compacted continuous filaments of staple fiber lengths in which substantially all filaments or fiber lengths are mutually entangled throughout the volume of the compacted lengths.Also disclosed is a method for producing such yarn. The method comprises the steps of feeding at least one multiple filament yarn element or multiple staple fiber element under tension to a first treatment zone having a predetermined cross-sectional area; continuously directing a fluid at the yarn element in a direction substantially perpendicular to the travel of the element, the fluid being applied at a pressure of at least about 100 p.s.i.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a spun yarn having novel structure and a method of producing the same. The spun yarn of the present invention consists of a number of fibers arranged in a predetermined direction and twisted together, one end of which fibers is spirally wound around the surface of the yarn. The yarn of the present invention is spun by successively passing a sliver through a pneumatic yarn twisting device, untwisting tube, and false twisting device in turn. The twisting device, untwisting tube and false twisting device are disposed between front rollers and delivery rollers.