Abstract: A method of cleaning a surface of a substrate is provided. The method comprises treating the surface with a solvent comprising 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane.

Abstract: 2H-heptafluoropropane (HFC 227) is used as filler in sensor systems of temperature-sensitive displacement pickups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a class of hydrochlorofluorocarbons having a tertiary structure, 5 carbon atoms, 1 chlorine atom, 6 to 8 fluorine atoms, and OH rate constants from about 8 to about 15 cm.sup.3 /molecule/sec.times.10.sup.-14. The hydrochlorofluorocarbons are useful as solvents and blowing agents.

Abstract: A partially fluorinated alumina catalyst having a determined component, which is obtained by calcining an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.nH.sub.2 O(n=0 to 3) containing fibril of polytetrafluoroethylene, provides an excellent catalyst for the isomerization of HCFCs.

Abstract: A process for the production of a fluorocarbon by reducing a fluorocarbon which contains at least one atom of chlorine and/a bromine, in which the reduction is effected in the presence of a redox couple. The redox couple, which is oxidized in the process, may be reduced electrolytically for re-use in the process. A preferred redox couple is a chromous-chromic couple.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new perfluoroalkyl halides and to their preparation by a process based on the thermodecomposition of perfluorocarbides in the presence of Cl.sub.2, Br.sub.2 and I.sub.2.

Abstract: Compositions are described based on hydrogen-containing fluorochlorohydrocarbons selected from the dichloropentafluoropropanes which contain defined amounts of specific surface-active substances selected from the group consisting of straight-chain alkylamines having 9 to 12 carbon atoms, straight chain carboxylic acids having 9 to 12 carbons atoms, branched alkylamines having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, branched carboxylic acids having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl phosphates, aryl phosphates, mixed alkyl/aryl phosphates, salts of the foregoing alkylamines with the foregoing carboxylic acids, and salts of straight-chain or branched C8- to C12-alkylamines with alkyl, aryl or mixed alkyl/aryl mono- or diesters of phosphoric acid. A process for using these compositions to remove water from surfaces of a wide variety of articles and from a wide variety of materials is also described.

Abstract: An azeotropic mixture of polyfluoropentanes and methanol is disclosed. The azeotropic mixture is useful as: a cleaning agent, a blowing agent, a refrigerant, an aerosol propellant, a heat transfer medium and a power cycle working fluid.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for liquid phase fluorination for perfluorination of a wide variety of hydrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: In the process for preparing chlorotrifluoroethylene telomers by reaction of chlorotrifluoroethylene with CF.sub.3 CF or R.sub.x --CF.sub.2 OF (wherein R.sub.x may be also a perfluoroalkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), the content of telomers with end groups --F is increased or mixtures of telomers containing species with end groups --Cl are obtained by adding F.sub.2, according to particular modalities, to the reaction medium.

Abstract: Novel partially fluorinated alkenes having the Formula: ##STR1## wherein each R is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2, CH.sub.2 F, and CH.sub.3 CF.sub.2, and R' is an alkenyl or fluoroalkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms have utility as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning, dry cleaning, and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: The present invention relates to branched perfluoroalkanes which, having bonds between a quaternary carbon atom and a tertiary carbon atom, easily undergo a homolytic scission of the C--C bond thereby releasing (non-persistent) radicals which may be used as initiators of polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.A further object of the present invention are new perfluoroalkanes having at least 9 carbon atoms belonging to the above described group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of new terminal olefins, perfluoro 2,4-dimethyl 3-ethylpentene and perfluoro 2-isopropyl 3,3-dimethylbutene, and to the subsequent fluorination thereof in order to obtain highly branched perfluoroalkanes, capable of providing perfluoroalkyl radicals, which are utilizable as initiators for the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: Novel partially fluorinated alkanes having the Formula: ##STR1## wherein each R is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2, CH.sub.2 F, and CH.sub.3 CF.sub.2, and R' is an alkyl or fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms with the proviso that when each R is CF.sub.3, R' is not CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 -, CH.sub.3 CF.sub.2 -, or CF.sub.3 have utility as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning, dry cleaning, and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of new terminal olefins, perfluoro 2,4-dimethyl 3-ethylpentene and perfluoro 2-isopropyl 3,3-dimethylbutene, and to the subsequent fluorination thereof in order to obtain highly branched perfluoroalkanes, capable of providing perfluoroalkyl radicals, which are utilizable as initiators for the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: New chlorotrifluoroethylene telomers and process for preparing them. Chlorotrifluoroethylene is reacted, at a temperature ranging from -100.degree. to +40.degree. C., with a fluoroxy compound of formula R.sub.x --CF.sub.2 OF, wherein R.sub.x represents among others a perhalogenated alkyl radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. There are obtained telomer mixtures having, among others, the following formulae: R.sub.x --CF.sub.2 --O--(M).sub.n --F; R.sub.x --CF.sub.2 --O--(M).sub.n --O--CF.sub.2 --R.sub.x ; R.sub.x --(M).sub.n --F; R.sub.x (M).sub.n --R.sub.x ; R.sub.x --CF.sub.2 --O--(M).sub.n --R.sub.x and F--(M).sub.n --F; wherein M is CF.sub.2 --CFCL and "N" ranges from 2 to 20. Most of these telomers are new compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new perfluoroalkyl halides and to their preparation by a process based on the thermodecomposition of perfluorocarbides in the presence of Cl.sub.2, Br.sub.2 and I.sub.2.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the regeneration and/or activation of a noble catalyst comprising contacting said catalyst with an atmosphere comprising a fluorohalocarbon and/or a fluorohydrocarbon of the formula, C.sub.n H.sub.m F.sub.p X.sub.q, wherein X is chlorine and/or bromine; n is an integer from 1 to 6; m is an integer from 0 to 6, provided that m can be no more than the total n in the compound; p and q are integers from 1-13 when the compound is acrylic and integers from 1-11 when the compound is cyclic, provided that the fluorohalocarbon and/or fluorohalohydrocarbon always contain at least one chlorine or bromine atom and provided that m+p+q=2n+2 when the compound is acrylic and that m+p+q=2n when the compound is cyclic, at a temperature in excess of 200.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing fluorinated C.sub.4 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbons by catalytically hydrogenating, in the presence of a base, at least partially halogenated olefins. This invention also relates to certain novel cyclic fluorinated C.sub.5 and C.sub.6 hydrocarbons prepared by the process of this invention. This invention further relates to the use of fluorinated C.sub.4 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbons as propellant gas or as working fluid for heat pump systems.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of luorinated alkanes. The process comprises the step of: reacting an alkene with carbon having fluorine absorbed therein at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form fluorinated alkanes. The alkene used is not perhalogenated at the double-bonded carbons. Preferably, the alkene used is vinylidene fluoride or ethylene.The process produces products such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (known in the art as 134a) which may be used as a refrigerant and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (known in the art as R143a) and 1,2-difluoroethane (known in the art as R152) which may be used as blowing agents or solvents.

Abstract: R-1122 (2-chloro-1,1-difluoro-ethylene) can be substantially removed from a stream of R-134a over a zeolite or carbon molecular sieve having a mean pore size of about 3.8 to 4.8 Angstroms. Preferred are 5A synthetic zeolites or calcium chabazite.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for purifying and stabilizing a mixture of regular chlorotrifluoroethyelne telomers of formula RCXCl(CF.sub.2 CFCl).sub.n Br from bromine-containing irregular telomer impurities of similar molecular weight. The telomer mixture is produced by reacting chlorotrifluoroethylene with a telogen of formula RCXClBr, where R is CF.sub.2 Br, or Cl, and X is Cl or F. The telomer mixture is then chlorinated using either elevated temperature alone (100.degree. C.-350.degree. C.), or a combination of elevated temperatures (100.degree. C.-200.degree. C.) and light energy primarily of the wavelength region greater than about 3000.degree.A. Under these conditions, CFClBr telomer end group of the regular or normal telomer is chlorinated to form --CFCl.sub.2 end groups, while the bromine-containing irregular telomer impurities (whose bromine-containing end groups are substantially only --CF.sub.2 Br) are substantially not chlorinated.

Abstract: A novel catalyst is prepared by codepositing hexavalent chromium oxide and a transition metal compound, preferably titanium trichloride, on alumina, followed by fluorinating the resulting combination. The catalyst is useful in the fluorination of a haloethylene of the formula CX.sub.2 .dbd.CHX (where the X's are chlorine or bromine or a combination of the two) in the vapor phase to form 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of organic fluorides which comprises reacting a quaternary phosphonium fluoride or bifluoride with an organic substrate having at least one atom or group capable of being replaced by a fluorine atom.

Abstract: The application of carbon fluoride chloride in dry lubricant compositions is disclosed. The material offers a substantial improvement in lubricating properties over prior art carbon fluoride dry lubricants.The improved lubricant is comprised of carbon fluoride chloride of the general formula (C.sub.y F.sub.x Cl.sub.z).sub.n wherein y is 1 or 2, x is greater than 0 to 1.2, z is 0.1 and n defines an infinitely large two dimensional array of repeating units occurring in this molecule of high molecular weight. The resulting lubricant has improved lubricating properties over graphite, MoS.sub.2 and carbon monofluoride.

Abstract: A process for coupling two low molecular weight telomers of chlorotrifluoroethylene comprises reacting the telomers in a solvent with an amount of iron sufficient to form a coupled olefin. The olefin can then be fluorinated using a suitable fluorinating agent, such as chlorine trifluoride, to form a saturated product. Preferably, the solvent for the coupling reaction is acetonitrile, and the reaction is conducted under reflux conditions. A small amount of FeCl.sub.2 can optionally be added to the reaction mixture as an initiator for the reaction.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of hydro(halo)fluoroalkanes by direct fluorination in liquid phase with elemental fluorine at low temperature (under 0.degree. C.) of the corresponding hydro(halo)=alkenes.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1-dihalo-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethanes by isomerization of 1,2-dihalotetrafluoroethanes at their reflux temperature, by using, as a catalyst, the reaction product prepared "in situ" from an anhydrous aluminum halide with at least equimolecular amounts of the isomer, 1,1-dihalo-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane in a medium consisting of 1,2-dihalotetrafluoroethane. The products find application as intermediates for pyrethroid insecticides.

Abstract: Novel perchlorofluorinated hydrocarbons of the general formula:Cl-(CFX-CF.sub.2).sub.m -CCl.sub.2 -(CF.sub.2 -CFY).sub.n -Clwherein X and Y represent chlorine or fluorine atoms, and m and n are integers from 1 to 5, together with a process for preparing such perchlorofluorocarbons by reacting chlorotrifluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene with carbon tetrachloride or a telomer having the formula Cl.sub.3 C-(CF.sub.2 -CFX).sub.m -Cl in a polar solvent at a temperature of at least 120.degree. C. in the presence of copper or a copper salt.

Abstract: Working fluid/solvent compositions for use in absorption heating and cooling equipment, which compositions comprise a chlorofluoroethane with a boiling point between -40.degree. and +50.degree. C. and at least one solvent with a boiling point above 100.degree. C., the solvent being at least one material having the formula:C.sub.m Cl.sub.2m+1 --(CF.sub.2 --CFCl).sub.n --Xwherein m is zero or one, n is an integer from one to four, and is at least two when m is zero, and X is hydrogen or chlorine, X being hydrogen only when m is one.

Abstract: Novel persistent perfluorinated free radicals are disclosed, which upon thermal decomposition yield free radicals which can be used to polymerize polymerizable monomers containing ethylenic unsaturation.

Abstract: Dielectric, cooling or arc-extinguishing fluids comprise a mixture of tetrachlorodifluoroethane and perchloroethylene, optionally with incorporation of a third component which is preferably trichlorotrifluoroethane. Transformer and circuit-interrupter apparatus containing such dielectric fluids are also described.

Abstract: An absorption heat pump system wherein the working fluid is a saturated fluorohydrocarbon or fluorohydrocarbon ether having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A mechanical vapor recompression heat pump system wherein the working fluid is a saturated fluorohydrocarbon or fluorohydrocarbon ether having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms or a fluorinated amine containing up to 6 carbon atoms and having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of X and X.sup.1, independently, represents hydrogen or fluorine,R represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical,n represents an integer from 1 to 4,each of m and q represents an integer from 0 to 2,p represents an integer from 0 to 4 provided thatp is not zero when X.sup.1 is fluorine, andr represents an integer from 1 to 3;or the formula: ##STR2## wherein W represents hydrogen or fluorine, a represents an integer from 3 to 5, b represents an integer from 1 to 3 and c represents an integer from 0 to 2 provided that c is not zero when W is fluorine.

Abstract: Process for fluorinating an organic carbanion, which process comprises contacting and reacting, in a dry inert atmosphere, the compound of the formula selected from ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## is the carbanion, M is a counter ion, and X is a halide and a selected N-flouro-N-alkylsulfonamide.

Abstract: A method of operating a heat pump or a thermal engine with the vaporization and the condensation of a heat transfer fluid. The fluid is a chlorofluorinated hydrocarbon with 2 or 3 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, at least one chlorine atom per molecule and at most one chlorine atom per carbon atom, with the remainder consisting of fluorine, and said fluid having a critical temperature of at least 140.degree. C.

Abstract: N-substituted fluoroaziridines useful as chemical intermediates and process or making by reaction of fluoroazines with fluorocarbenes.

Abstract: A liquid halogenated hydrogenated hydrocarbon composition suitable for use as a dielectric and/or arc-extinguishing fluid in electrical apparatus, which comprises(a) a major proportion by weight of one or more halogenated paraffinic hydrocarbons having at least 8 carbon atoms and containing from 40% to 70% by weight of halogn based on the halogenated paraffinic hydrocarbon, and(b) a minor proportion by weight of at least one non-flammable viscosity-reducing additive for the halogenated paraffinic hydrocarbon (a) which contains at least 50% by weight of halogen based on the additive and is a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.Suitable electrical apparatus may comprise a circuit interruption device such as a switchgear.

Abstract: A process for brominating fluorine-containing halogenated hydrocarbons is disclosed which comprises the step of reacting at least one halogenated fluorohydrocarbon compound of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or a lower alkyl group which is perhalogenated by a halogen selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine;R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, or bromine, and;R.sub.3 represents fluorine or perfluorinated lower alkyl, in gaseous form with bromine under irradiation with light having a wavelength from about 250 nm to about 600 nm in the presence of an active amount of chlorine not exceeding about 2 moles per mole of bromine at a reaction temperature not exceeding 300.degree. C., which is sufficient for transforming the reactants into sufficiently stable gaseous compounds and for substituting the hydrogen in a compound of formula (I) by bromine to form a compound of formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving direct fluorinations are disclosed in which the material to be fluorinated is formed into an aerosol prior to fluorination.

Abstract: The compound 2,3-dichloro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentane is obtained by chlorinating perfluoro(2-methyl-2-pentene) with elementary chlorine in the presence of light rich in energy. This compound is distinguished by a high thermal and chemical stability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for producing 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane substantially free of the 1,1-isomer. The process includes contacting, in the vapor phase, an organic feed composition containing a major amount of the 1,2-isomer and a minor amount of 1,1-isomer with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrodechlorination catalyst. The process selectively degrades the 1,1-isomer. Also provided is a process for producing high purity 1,2-isomer.

Abstract: An apparatus and process useful in direct fluorination of a variety of compositions, as well as the fluorinated compositions themselves, are disclosed.The apparatus comprises a cryogenic zone reactor, such as a packed column reactor, suitably divided into a plurality of independently controllable cryogenic temperature zones. Means are also provided to introduce a reactant to be fluorinated as well as to introduce a mixture of fluorine gas and an inert gas.New fluorinated compounds are also disclosed. These include: perfluoro-2-methoxyethyl ether; perfluoro-1,4-dioxane; perfluoro-2,5-diketohexane; perfluorohexamethylethane; and monohydropentadecafluoroadamantane.Additionally, new syntheses for trifluoroacetic acid, a commercially significant bulk chemical, are disclosed. One synthesis comprises producing perfluoroethyl acetate by direct fluorination using a cryogenic zone reactor, followed by hydrolysis of perfluoroethyl acetate. Two moles of the acid are produced for each mole of ester.

Abstract: Polyhalogenated hydrocarbons of general formula RR.sup.1 CH--CHX--CH.sub.2 CYZQ wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sup.1 is lower alkyl, X is Cl, Br or I, Y is F, Cl or Br, Z is Y or Q and Q is a group W(CF.sub.2).sub.m --in which W is hydrogen, F or Cl and m is 1 or 2, provided that X is always Br or I when at least one of Y and Z is Br, and a process for preparing these polyhalogenated hydrocarbons by reacting an alkyl-substituted butene with a polyhalogenated alkane having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst.