Abstract: There is a method for extracting bio-oil from algal biomass, in particular oily microalgae, using solvents of a Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) capable of producing a bio-oil with a low content of phospholipids and inorganic salts, mainly sodium chloride.

Abstract: Systems and methods for mechanosynthesis are disclosed, including those that avoid the need for a bootstrap process, avoid the need to build tips via mechanosynthesis, avoid the need for charging tips with feedstock during a build sequence, avoid the need to dispose of reaction byproducts, which reduce the design complexity of new tips, and/or which reduce or avoid the need for multiple positional means and/or tip switching.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for preparing perhydrofluorene or alkyl-substituted perhydrofluorene, comprising the steps of: (1) reacting a phenolic compound or an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or an aromatic ketone compound or an aromatic ether compound with a benzyl compound to carry out an alkylation reaction in the presence of a first catalyst, thereby to produce substituted or unsubstituted diphenyl methane, wherein the first catalyst is an acidic catalyst; and (2) reacting the substituted or unsubstituted diphenyl methane with hydrogen gas to carry out an hydrogenation reaction or a hydrodeoxygenation reaction, thereby to produce perhydrofluorene or alkyl-substituted perhydrofluorene, wherein the second catalyst is a physical mixture of a metal catalyst and an acidic catalyst or a metal catalyst loaded on an acidic catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in the presence of a ruthenium-carbene complex supported on silicon dioxide in a continuously operated reactor and also the use of corresponding supported catalysts in continuously operated reactors.

Abstract: A synthetic fuel formula using a blend of High Density Synthetic (HDS) (e.g. Decalin and Tetralin), and Low Density Synthetic (LDS) (e.g. Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene—SPK) is disclosed. This HDS and LDS blend has been shown to be useful as a jet, rocket and diesel fuel of standard density, and under low temperature conditions. The inventions described herein relate to 100% synthetic hydrocarbon fuels derived from various carbonaceous materials such as, but not limited to, biomass, municipal waste, natural gas, and coal. This 100% synthetic fuel can be universally used for both jet and diesel fuels. It meets Joint Battlefield Use Fuel of the Future (J-BUFF), or Single Battlefield Fuel (SBF) strategic requirements. The commercial advantage of the present invention is that it can be prepared from commercial available fuel stocks or co-processed using currently available chemical processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to per-substituted pentalene compounds, including permethylpentalene and precursors thereof. In particular, the invention provides substituted pentalene compounds and methods of preparing substituted pentalene compounds; complexes of metals with substituted pentalene compounds and methods for their production; and the use of complexes of metals with substituted pentalene compounds in catalysis.

Abstract: Provided are enhanced high yield production systems for producing terpenes in plants via the expression of fusion proteins comprising various combinations of geranyl diphosphate synthase large and small subunits and limonene synthases. Also provided are engineered oilseed plants that accumulate monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in their seeds, as well as methods for producing such plants, providing a system for rapidly engineering oilseed crop production platforms for terpene-based biofuels.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to environmental friendly pesticide compounds, formulations, methods of preparation and application and utilities thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to pesticide compounds and formulations that include terpenes or terpenoids having chemical formula of (C5H8)n, and its derivatives and analogs thereof, as active insecticidal ingredients; certain botanical essential oils as synergists, and other select ingredients as additives.

Abstract: A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties.

Abstract: A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties.

Abstract: Provided is a lubricating oil for continuously variable transmissions characterized by that used as a base oil are a synthetic oil I having the following properties: (a) a traction coefficient at 120° C. is 115% or more of that of 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane, (b) a viscosity at ?40° C. is not higher than a viscosity (260 Pa·s) of 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane, and (c) a viscosity index is 65 or higher, and a synthetic oil II having a viscosity of 1 Pa·s or lower at ?40° C. and that the above base oil has a specific property. The above lubricating oil is a lubricating oil for continuously variable transmissions which has a high traction coefficient even at high temperature and is endowed with a good low temperature fluidity and which is suited as a lubricating oil for continuously variable transmissions for automobiles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) where one or more of the radicals A1-5 denote a 1,4-naphthylene or 1,4-anthracenylene radical, and the other parameters are as defined in Claim 1. The invention additionally includes liquid-crystalline media which comprise the title compounds, components for high-frequency technology which comprise these media, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennae.

Abstract: A synthetic fuel formula using a blend of High Density Synthetic (HDS) (e.g. Decalin and Tetralin), and Low Density Synthetic (LDS) (e.g. Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene—SPK) is disclosed. This HDS and LDS blend has been shown to be useful as a jet, rocket and diesel fuel of standard density, and under low temperature conditions. The inventions described herein relate to 100% synthetic hydrocarbon fuels derived from various carbonaceous materials such as, but not limited to, biomass, municipal waste, natural gas, and coal. This 100% synthetic fuel can be universally used for both jet and diesel fuels. It meets Joint Battlefield Use Fuel of the Future (J-BUFF), or Single Battlefield Fuel (SBF) strategic requirements. The commercial advantage of the present invention is that it can be prepared from commercial available fuel stocks or co-processed using currently available chemical processes.

Abstract: Provided herein are, among other things, jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the fuel compositions comprise at least a fuel component readily and efficiently produced, at least in part, from a microorganism. In certain embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a high concentration of at least a bioengineered fuel component. In further embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise amorphane.

Abstract: Partially or fully saturated doped graphene materials are found to be superconducting. The saturation is with hydrogen or halogen. Doping is performed by substitution of carbon atoms or by applying an electric field. Diamond nano-rods are also found to be superconducting. These materials can be used in electronic devices having a gate.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include graphitic stationary phase materials functionalized through a gas-phase functionalization reaction, as well as and methods for making and using these materials, including the use of these materials in separation technologies such as, but not limited to, chromatography and solid phase extraction. In an embodiment, a functionalized graphitic stationary phase material may be prepared from high surface area porous graphitic carbon and a radical forming volatilized functionalizing agent. The radical forming volatilized functionalizing agent produces an intermediate that forms a covalent bond with the surface of the porous graphitic material and imparts desired properties to the surface of the graphitic carbon.

Abstract: A lube base oil which comprises at least one hydrocarbon compound having as the basic skeleton a structure represented by any of the general formulae (I) to (VI) and has a viscosity at ?40° C. of 40 Pa·s or lower and a viscosity index of 80 or higher, (wherein p is an integer of 1 to 10, provided that in the formulae (I) and (II), p is not 1). It satisfies the coefficient of high-temperature traction, low-temperature flowability, and viscosity index on a high level.

Abstract: A traction drive fluid composition which comprises component (A) a base oil for traction drives bearing at least one selected from a quaternary carbon atom or an alicyclic structure in the molecule and component (B) at least one polymer having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 8,000 to 40,000 and which is selected from among (a) hydrocarbon polymers each containing as a constituent at least 10 mole % of a monomer bearing a cyclic structure, (b) hydrocarbon polymers each containing at least 25% of quaternary carbon atoms in the backbone chain, and (c) hydrogenated products from the polymers (a) and (b). The traction drive fluid composition is improved in viscosity index without lowering the traction coefficient to a level lower than that of the base oil and is excellent in shear stability.

Abstract: Provided is a lubricating oil for continuously variable transmissions characterized by that used as a base oil are a synthetic oil I having the following properties: (a) a traction coefficient at 120° C. is 115% or more of that of 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane, (b) a viscosity at ?40° C. is not higher than a viscosity (260 Pa·s) of 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane and (c) a viscosity index is 65 or higher and a synthetic oil II having a viscosity of 1 Pa·s or lower at ?40° C. and that the above base oil has a specific property. The above lubricating oil is a lubricating oil for continuously variable transmissions which has a high traction coefficient even at high temperature and is endowed with a good low temperature fluidity and which is suited as a lubricating oil for continuously variable transmissions for automobiles.

Abstract: A polymer compound which is useful as a light emitting material and a charge transporting material and excellent in electron injection property, comprising as a partial structure therein a structure of the following formula (a) is provided: (wherein, a ring A and a ring B represent each independently an aromatic ring or a non-aromatic ring, and at least one of the ring A and the ring B is an aromatic ring. A ring C represents an aromatic ring. Z1 represents an atom selected from a carbon atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, nitrogen atom, silicon atom, boron atom, phosphorus atom and selenium atom or a group containing the atom, and Z2 to Z6 represent each independently an atom selected from a carbon atom, silicon atom, nitrogen atom and boron atom or a group containing the atom.).

Abstract: Provided herein are, among other things, jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the fuel compositions comprise at least a fuel component readily and efficiently produced, at least in part, from a microorganism. In certain embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a high concentration of at least a bioengineered fuel component. In further embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise amorphane.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to the use of alkanes that are highly transparent to UV wavelengths ranging from about 170 nm to 260 nm in optical couplants, optical cements, optical elements, optical inspection media for semiconductor wafers and devices, and immersion photolithography, particularly at 193 and 248 nm exposure wavelength.

Abstract: A file is formed by coating a substrate with a film-forming composition including a compound having an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure and irradiating the coated composition with microwaves having a frequency of 5.8 GHz. An insulating film is formed by irradiating a film including a compound having a siloxane structure with microwave having a frequency of 5.8 GHz. These films possess excellent film properties such as dielectric constant and mechanical strength.

Abstract: An anthracene derivative with a specified asymmetrical type structure. An organic electroluminescence device which comprises at least one organic thin film layer including a light emitting layer sandwiched between a pair of electrode consisting of an anode and a cathode, wherein at least one of the organic thin film layer comprises the anthracene derivative. An organic electroluminescence device which emits blue light of enhanced purity and has a long lifetime is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel materials which can be used in organic electronic devices, in particular electroluminescent devices, and are certain derivatives of fused aromatic systems.

Abstract: A lubricating base oil composition having at least 95 wt % saturates, of which saturates fraction between 10 and 30 wt % are cyclo-paraffins and the remainder being n- and iso-paraffins, having a viscosity index of above 120 and a pour point of below ?15° C.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of using positionally controlled molecular tools in an inert environment (such as ultra high vacuum) to fabricate complex atomically precise structures, including diamond, graphite, nanotubes, fullerenes, additional sets of the selfsame molecular tools, and others. Molecular tools have atomically precise tooltips which interact directly with a workpiece to add, remove, and modify specific atoms and groups of atoms, and have handles by which they can be held and positioned; tools can be recharged after use. Specific tooltips are brought into contact with and bond to specific feedstock molecules distributed on a presentation surface, and then transfer said feedstock molecules to specific atomic sites on a workpiece using mechanosynthetic chemical reactions. Specific sites on a workpiece can be made chemically reactive, facilitating the transfer of specific groups to them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and bicyclo[3.3.1]nonenes of formula (I) wherein R, and R1 to R5 have the same meaning as described in the specification.

Abstract: A method for producing adamantane includes isomerizing exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene into adamantane in an acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquid composed of aluminum(III) trichloride and a quaternary ammonium halide having a quaternary ammonium cation selected from a group consisting of tetraalkylammonium, dialkylpyridinium, and trialkylimidazolium.

Abstract: Novel compounds having a hybrid cubic/hexagonal diamond crystal structure are disclosed. Each of the four compounds have the stoichiometric formula C26H32 and a molecular weight of 344. The four compounds are contemplated to have a utility in diamond film nucleation.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising C26H30 hexamantane, referred to herein as peri-condensed hexamantane, fully condensed hexamantane, and cyclohexamantane. These enriched cyclohexamantane compositions comprise at least 5 percent by weight cyclohexamantane based upon the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: Methods for treating, preventing, or inhibiting diseases and disorders associated with inflammation, cell-proliferation, and pain comprising the administration of a compound having the structural formula wherein R1 is a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, carboxylic acid, alkylamino or amide group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently hydrogen or an acyl residue having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R5 is hydrogen, CH3, or CH2OH, and R6 is an organo group such as a hydrocarbon having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms are disclosed. Other seco-pseudopterosins and compounds related to pseudopterosins are disclosed.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fluids are provided which have ASTM D-86 boiling point ranges within 235° C. to 400° C. and a naphthenic content greater than 60%, the naphthenics containing polycyclic materials, the fluids preferably have an aromatic content below 2% and an aniline point below 100° C. The fluids are particularly useful solvents for printing inks, drilling fluids, metal working fluids and as silicone extenders.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more decamantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 25 to 100 weight percent of one or more decamantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of decamantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more decamantane components.

Abstract: It is made possible to efficiently produce adamantane and analogues thereof, namely a hydrocarbon having an adamantane structure by a process which comprises isomerizing a tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon having ten or more carbon atoms in the presence of a solid-acid catalyst containing one or two or more metals selected from among the metals belonging to group VIII in the Periodic Table (group 8 to 12 in the new Periodic Table), wherein one or two or more monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons are added to the tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon having ten or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lubricant base oil composition that comprises (a) from 80 to 98% by mass of a naphthenic synthetic lubricant base oil having a flash point of not lower than 140° C. and (b) from 2 to 20% by mass of an alcohol/fatty acid ester having a flash point of not lower than 150° C. of which the alcohol has a gem-type dimethyl structure, or comprises (a) from 85 to 99% by mass of a naphthenic synthetic lubricant base oil having a flash point of not lower than 140° C. and (c) from 1 to 15% by mass of a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of from 0.9 to 9.6 mm2/sec, a boiling point under normal pressure of from 150 to 400° C. and a % CA measured through ring analysis (in n-d-M process) of at most 10%. The lubricant base oil composition has a flash point of not lower than 150° C. and has a high traction coefficient at high temperatures, and its low-temperature flowability characteristic is good. The oil composition is favorable for traction drive fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the recovery and purification of higher diamondoids from a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock. Specifically disclosed is a multi-step recovery process for obtaining diamondoid compositions enhanced in tetramantane components and other higher diamondoid components. Also disclosed are compositions comprising at least about 10 weight percent of non-ionized tetramantane components and other higher diamondoid components and at least about 0.5 weight percent of non-ionized pentamantane components and other higher diamondoid components based on the total weight of diamondoid components present.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more pentamantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 10 to 100 weight percent of one or more pentamantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of pentamantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more pentamantane components.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the recovery and purification of higher diamondoids from a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock. Specifically disclosed is a multi-step recovery process for obtaining diamondoid compositions enhanced in tetramantane components and higher diamondoid components. Also disclosed are compositions comprising at least about 10 weight percent of non-ionized tetramantane components and higher diamondoid components and at least about 0.5 weight percent of non-ionized pentamantane components and higher diamondoid components based on the total weight of diamondoid components present.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more octamantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 25 to 100 weight percent of one or more octamantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of octamantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more octamantane components.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more heptamantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 25 to 100 weight percent of one or more heptamantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of heptamantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more heptamantane components.

Abstract: Provided are a fluorene derivative represented by Formula (1) and a polymer thereof: wherein at least one of A1, A2 and A3 is a group represented by Formula (2), and the others are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyridazine-3,6-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or dioxane-2,5-diyl; m, n and p are independently 0 or 1; R1 is —CN, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, —OCF3, —OCF2H, —N═C═O, —N═C═S, —F, —Cl, or alkyl in which one hydrogen may be replaced by (meth)acryloyloxy or vinyloxy and optional —CH2— may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CF2—, —CH═CH—, —COO—, —OCO— or —CO—; R2 is hydrogen or methyl; Z1 to Z3 are independently a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH2CH2—, —(C

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more tetramantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 10 to 100 weight percent of one or more tetramantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of tetramantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more tetramantane components.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more tetramantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 10 to 100 weight percent of one or more tetramantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of tetramantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more tetramantane components.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more nonamantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 25 to 100 weight percent of one or more nonamantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of nonamantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more nonamantane components.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more hexamantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 25 to 100 weight percent of one or more hexamantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of hexamantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more hexamantane components.

Abstract: Metal complexes comprising a polycyclic, fused ring ligand or inertly substituted derivative thereof comprising at least: (1) a cyclopentadienyl ring, (2) a 7 membered polyatomic ring, and (3) one or more aromatic ring systems, with the proviso that said 7 membered ring (2), is fused to both the cyclopentadienyl ring (1), and said one or more aromatic ring systems (3), and substituted in at least one ring position with a substituent group resulting in sp2 hybridization on the ring atom bonded thereto; polymerization catalysts; and olefin polymerization processes using the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A bicyclo[2.2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of selectively producing adamantanes in a production apparatus made of an inexpensive material, not having any negative influence on the natural environment. The method for producing adamantanes includes isomerizing a tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon having at least 10 carbon atoms in the presence of a metal-carrying solid acid catalyst, wherein an unsaturated bond-having compound is made to coexist along with the catalyst during the isomerization.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising one or more undecamantanes. Specifically disclosed are compositions comprising 25 to 100 weight percent of one or more undecamantanes. Also disclosed are novel processes for the separation and isolation of undecamantane components into recoverable fractions from a feedstock containing at least a higher diamondoid component which contains one or more undecamantane components.