Abstract: A process and catalyst have been developed for hydrotreating halogen containing olefinic feedstock including resins. The process and catalyst dehalogenates both saturated and unsaturated feedstock. The catalyst is not deactivated by prolonged exposure to a halogen. The composition of the catalyst includes oxides from Group VIIIA, tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide and a basic promoter oxide from Group IA, Group IIA, Lanthanides and Actinides.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks. Synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by oligomerizing linear olefins using montmorillonite clays which have a phosphorous-containing acid deposited thereon.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks having a high dimer to trimer ratio from long-chain olefins. These synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by dimerizing linear olefins using a catalyst comprising a fluorocarbonsulfonic acid polymer on an inert support.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks. Synthetic lubricant base stocks may be prepared in good yield by oligomerizing linear olefins using certain acidic calcium montmorillonite clay catalysts. When the oligomers are hydrogenated, they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of conjugated diene polymers having alcoholic hydroxyl groups, is provided. In the process, reduced nickel is used as a catalyst and an ether or a mixture of an ether and a hydrocarbon is used as a solvent for the hydrogenation reaction whereby elimination of the group rarely occurs with a very high hydrogenation rate being attained.

Abstract: A process to hydrogenate and deodorize a polyisobutylene polymer of from 100 to 4000 molecular weight and cosmetic dermatological compositions containing the hydrogenated, deodorized polyisobutylene polymers are disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for improving the thermal stability of polyalpha-olefin lubricants by contacting the lubricant with an acidic catalyst for a time and at a temperature sufficient to achieve the skeletal isomerization of the molecular structure of the lubricant. The reaction is carried out preferably on unhydrogenated synthetic lubricants in contact with Lewis acid catalysts. Following the isomerization reaction, the unsaturated lubricant is hydrogenated to produce lubricant with better thermal stability. Surprisingly, when the isomerization reaction is carried out using unsaturated oligomer produced from the oligomerization of alpha-olefins in contact with reduced Group VIB metal oxide catalyst on porous support as starting material the viscometric properties of the lubricant, e.g., viscosity and VI, are not significantly altered, although the thermal stability of the lubricant is substantially increased. The reaction of the present invention may be carried out in the presence of a solvent or neat.

Abstract: A process to hydrogenate and deodorize a polyisobutylene polymer of from 100 to 4000 molecular weight and cosmetic dermatological compositions containing the hydrogenated, deodorized polyisobutylene polymers are disclosed.

Abstract: Olefin oligomers having a lower pour point are obtained by forming a mixture of C.sub.8-18 olefins containing 50-90 weight percent .alpha.-olefins and 10-50 weight percent internal olefins and oligomerizing this mixture using a Friedel Crafts catalyst (e.g. BF.sub.3) and a promoter (e.g. n-butanol). The mixture of olefins can be formed from .alpha.-olefins (e.g. 1-decene) by subjecting the .alpha.-olefins to isomerization until 10-50 weight percent of the olefins are internal olefins.

Abstract: A high viscosity index olefin oligomer is made by feeding an olefin monomer near the top of a distillation column, maintaining the overhead temperature near the boiling point of the olefin monomer at system pressure and maintaining the bottom of the column and the reboiler at a temperature just above the boiling point of the highest boiling oligomer that is to be excluded from the product. An oligomerization catalyst (e.g. AlCl.sub.3) is introduced into the column. The catalyst has a boiling point or sublimation temperature which is too low to permit passage out the bottom of the column and too high to cause it to escape out the top of the column.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing or copolymerizing a member of the group consisting of an alpha olefin or mixtures thereof, consisting of the steps of:polymerizing an alpha olefin in a polymerization reactor using a polymerization catalyst, a cocatalyst, and an amount of hydrogen adjusted for molecular weight control as measured by melt flow;rapidly changing the melt flow of the polymerized alpha olefin from high to low melt flow by reacting a portion of the unreacted hydrogen in the reactor with a quantity of the alpha olefin present therein by interaction with a hydrogenation catalyst; andremoving the hydrogenation catalyst from the reactor through continuous exchange of the reactor contents.

Abstract: Highly branched synthetic hydrocarbon fluids produced by anionically oligomerizing selected dienes in the presence of organoalkali compounds and complexing reagents provide fluids having high traction coefficients and excellent elastohydrodynamic lubricating characteristics.

Abstract: A continuous multi-stage catalytic process for converting ethene-rich lower olefinic feedstock to heavier liquid hydrocarbon product, comprising the steps ofcontacting ethene-rich feedstock at elevated temperature and moderate pressure in a primary stage reaction zone with a first catalyst comprising shape selective medium pore zeolite to convert at least a portion of the lower olefinic components to intermediate olefinic hydrocarbons;cooling primary stage reaction effluent by introducing a stream of cold water sufficient to reduce the primary stage effluent to second stage reaction temperature; andcontacting unreacted ethene and at least a portion of the intermediate olefinic hydrocarbons from the primary stage with nickel-containing shape selective medium pore zeolite oligomerization component at elevated temperature to provide a heavier hydrocarbon effluent stream comprising gasoline and/or distillate range hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A continuous catalytic process for converting ethene-rich olefinic feedstock containing reducing gas to heavier liquid hydrocarbon product, comprising the steps ofcontacting the ethene-rich feedstock at elevated temperature in a catalytic reaction zone with a zeolite catalyst comprising a nickel-ethene oligomerization component and a shape-selective medium pore acid zeolite oligomerization component to convert at least a portion of the lower olefinic components to heavier olefinic hydrocarbons; andfeeding water with the feedstock in sufficient amount to prevent substantial reduction of the nickel component.

Abstract: A continuous, liquid phase method for producing a polymer having a predetermined number of conjugated diene units per molecule in which (a) a first monomer stream is contacted with an organo-lithium compound, in a manner to intimately mix increments of monomer, containing the predetermined number of moles of conjugated diene, with each mole of organo-lithium and continuously mix and move the mixture through a first, elongated reaction zone to react the predetermined number of moles of conjugated diene with one mole of organo-lithium, (b) mixing the effluent from (a) with an alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, an organo-alkali metal of potassium, rubidium or cesium and a tertiary amine to form a complex-initiator of the aromatic hydrocarbon, the alkali metal and the amine, (c) mixing the effluent from (b) with a second stream of monomer, in a manner to intimately mix increments of monomer, containing the predetermined number of moles of conjugated diene, with each mole of complex-initiator and continuously

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing distillate and/or lubes employs integrating catalytic (or thermal) dehydrogenation of paraffins with MOGDL. The process feeds the product from a low temperature propane and/or butane dehydrogenation zone into a first catalytic reactor zone, which operates at low pressure and contains zeolite oligomerization catalysts, where the low molecular weight olefins are reacted to primarily gasoline range materials. These gasoline range materials can then be pressurized to the pressure required for reacting to distillate in a second catalytic reactor zone operating at high pressure and containing a zeolite oligomerization catalyst. The distillate is subsequently sent to a hydrotreating unit and product separation zone to form lubes and other finished products.

Abstract: The hydrogenation of olefin polymers and especially diene polymers can be carried out effectively using a catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, a metal alkoxide and a support, optionally in the presence of a nitrogen-containing ingredient to inhibit aromatic hydrogenation.

Abstract: An integrated process is provided for converting methanol or the like to heavy hydrocarbon products, especially distillate range hydrocarbons. In a first stage catalytic process oxygenate feedstock is converted to lower olefins, which are passed through a second stage oligomerization reactor. A reactor sequencing technique is useful for multi-stage catalytic conversion systems employing a number of fixed bed catalytic reactors at various process temperatures and catalytic activity levels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for producing distillate and/or lubes which employ integrating catalytic (or thermal) dehydrogenation of paraffins with MOGDL. The process feeds the product from a low temperature propane and/or butane dehydrogenation zone into a first catalytic reactor zone, which operates at low pressure and contains zeolite oligomerization catalysts, where the low molecular weight olefins are reacted to primarily gasoline range materials. These gasoline range materials can then be pressurized to the pressure required for reacting to distillate in a second catalytic reactor zone operating at high pressure and containing a zeolite oligomerization catalyst. The distillate is subsequently sent to a hydrotreating unit and product separation zone to form lubes and other finished products.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefins in the liquid phase using nickel-containing silicaceous crystalline molecular sieve catalyst.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefins in the liquid phase using nickel-containing silicaceous crystalline molecular sieve catalyst.

Abstract: Highly useful hydraulic fluids based on synthetic hydrocarbon basestocks and having improved low temperature properties, good shear stability, and capable of substantially meeting the rigid Denison HF-O standards are provided. The products of this invention are comprised of specific proportions of a two centistoke synthetic hydrocarbon oil obtained from the oligomerization of alpha-olefins, particularly 1-decene, specific polymethacrylate viscosity index improvers, and a zinc-based universal/multifunctional additive package. The hydraulic fluids have a maximum viscosity of 1400 centistokes at -40.degree. F. and minimum viscosity of 5.5 centistokes at 210.degree. F.

Abstract: Useful hydraulic fluids having low temperature properties comparable to MIL-H-5606 fluids but exhibiting markedly superior fire resistance due to their higher flash points are obtained by blending a two centistoke synthetic hydrocarbon oil obtained from the oligomerization of alpha-olefins with a mono- or diester and polymethacrylate viscosity index improver. The fluids of this invention typically have -65.degree. F. viscosities less than 3000 centistokes, 210.degree. F. viscosities of 3.45 or above, and flash points above 320.degree. F. and are readily formulated with conventional additives.

Abstract: A process for converting synthol light oil product of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to heavy distillate comprising the steps ofcontacting the light oil at elevated temperature and pressure with acid zeolite conversion catalyst to oligomerize olefins and convert oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in the light oil thereby providing an effluent containing light heavy distillate range hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon vapor and byproduct water;flashing and separating the effluent to recover a heavy distillate-rich liquid phase and a light hydrocarbon-rich vapor phase containing byproduct water;condensing the vapor phase to provide a liquid hydrocarbon recycle stream;removing byproduct water from the recycle stream;combining the light oil with the pressurized recycle stream as heat sink to prevent excessive reaction temperature during catalytic conversion.

Abstract: 1,3-pentadiene is polymerized from a mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, the compounds having primarily 5 carbon atoms per molecule, with an anionic polymerization initiator. The mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds is contacted, in an inert atmosphere, with an anionic polymerization initiator to form a reaction mixture. The anionic polymerization initiator is present in an amount sufficient to inactivate polymerization-terminating compounds present in the mixture and to initiate polymerization of 1,3-pentadiene from the mixture. The reaction mixture is heated with stirring to a temperature sufficient to inactivate the polymerization terminating compounds. After inactivation of the polymerization terminating compounds, the reaction mixture is then heated with stirring to a temperature sufficient to initiate polymerization of 1,3-pentadiene from the reaction mixture. Polymer recovery and subsequent functionalization, if any, follow thereafter.

Abstract: A lube-oil range hydrocarbon mixture is produced by the oligomerization of a branched olefin mixture which contains olefins of 6 to 16 carbon atoms and has a degree of branching of about 10 to 50 mole percent of branched olefins; the lube-oil range hydrocarbon is obtained by separating and hydrogenating the oligomerized olefins.

Abstract: 1,3-Pentadiene is polymerized in an inert gaseous atmosphere from a mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules. At least 50 percent by weight of said molecules have 5 carbon atoms. An anionic polymerization initiator in conjunction with an organic polar solvent is used to effect polymerization. Cyclopentadiene, active hydrogen compounds and other polymerization-terminating compounds may be inactivated and separated from the mixture of hydrocarbon compounds before starting polymerization. As an alternative, inactivation and separation of cyclopentadiene, active hydrogen compounds and polymerization-terminating compounds may be omitted provided the anionic polymerization initiator is employed in an amount to (a) inactivate such compounds and (b) initiate polymerization of 1,3-pentadiene.The polymer of 1,3-pentadiene so prepared is then hydrogenated or functionalized by further reaction.

Abstract: An integrated process is provided for converting methanol or the like to heavy hydrocarbon products, especially distillate range hydrocarbons. In a first stage catalytic process oxygenate feedstock is converted to lower olefins. Byproduct aromatics are passed through a second stage oligomerization reactor with olefins. Distillate range hydrocarbons are recovered and hydrotreated to provide an improved fuel product.

Abstract: High quality synthetic lubricating oils are provided when certain olefinic monomers such as ethylene, propylene and a third 1-olefin are copolymerized and thereafter dewaxed by means of a urea adduction process.

Abstract: Hydrogenated 1,3-butadiene polymers are used as synthetic lubricants. The polymers of this invention range in molecular weight from about 150 to about 3,000 and are characterized by a 1,2 addition structure of at least about 60 percent.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of synthetic lubricant additives from internal olefins is described. The process utilizes boron trifluoride catalysis with a promoter to produce oligomer mixtures that have surprisingly low viscosities at low temperatures and surprisingly high viscosity indexes as compared with the oligomers found in other methods. It is important that internal olefins be used almost exclusively in the method of this invention.

Abstract: A mixture of predominantly low molecular weight alpha olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a protonic promoter. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. An inert organic solvent may be present. Preferably, the olefin mixture is made up of greater than 50 weight weight percent of at least one low molecular weight alpha olefin having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and less than 50 weight percent of at least one higher molecular weight alpha olefin having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Highly pure 1-butene and premium gasoline are obtained by(a) subjecting a C.sub.4 olefinic cut to a polymerization-disproportionation to partly convert the isobutene thereof to a gasoline which, in turn, by partial disproportionation, yields a jet fuel base and butenes,(b) fractionating the effluent from step (a) to a mixture (.alpha.) of gasoline and jet fuel base and to a fraction (.beta.) containing isobutane, n-butane, butenes, a small amount of isobutene and a minor amount of butadiene,(c) selectively polymerizing fraction (.beta.) to convert more than 90% of the isobutene thereof to gasoline,(d) fractionating the polymerized fraction (.beta.) to a gasoline cut (.gamma.) containing isobutene dimers and trimers and to a fraction (.delta.) containing isobutane, n-butane and butenes,(e) selectively hydrogenating the fraction (.delta.),(f) removing isobutane from the hydrogenated fraction (.delta.) and(g) fractionating the deisobutanized hydrogenated fraction (.delta.

Abstract: A synthetic lubricating oil composition comprising a major portion of a synthetic lubricant component or a mixture of a synthetic lubricant component and a hydrocarbon mineral base oil and a minor portion of various additive components is described. The synthetic lubricant component is manufactured from internal olefins.The process for making the synthetic lubricant component utilizes boron trifluoride catalysis with a promoter to produce oligomer mixtures that have surprisingly low viscosities at low temperatures and surprisingly high viscosity indexes as compared with the oligomers found in other methods. It is important that internal olefins be used predominantly to make the oligomers. Alpha olefins make up the balance of the olefins.

Abstract: Novel feedstocks for the production of synthetic lubricant base oils are described. The feedstock is a blend of internal and alpha olefins with the internal olefins comprising more than 50 but less than 99 weight percent of the blend. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. The olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a promoter. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties.

Abstract: Alpha olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a protonic promoter, and then held at a temperature between 60.degree. and 150.degree. C. to increase the molecular weight of the oligomers. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. An inert organic solvent may be present.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of synthetic lubricant additives from olefins having two or three carbon atoms is described. The low molecular weight olefins are converted to internal olefins having 9 to 24 carbon atoms via isomerization and disproportionation. The process utilizes boron trifluoride catalysis with a promoter to produce from the C.sub.9 -C.sub.24 internal olefins oligomer mixtures that have surprisingly low viscosities at low temperatures and surprisingly high viscosity indexes as compared with the oligomers found in other methods. It is important that internal olefins be used almost exclusively in the second step of the method of this invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for preparing linear olefins and waxes, particularly linear olefin waxes. More particularly, this invention relates to an improved process for polymerizing ethylene to obtain linear olefins and waxes having a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) ranging from about 500 to 5000.The process can be generally described as a two-stage process wherein the first stage is an ethylene oligomerization followed by a second stage metathesis.Still more particularly, this invention relates to an improved process for polymerizing ethylene to obtain a product comprising at least 70 weight percent linear olefin waxes.

Abstract: A method for oligomerizing olefins in the presence of boron trifluoride and a co-catalyst comprising a heterogeneous cationic ion exchange resin catalyst is described. While the resin catalyst cannot oligomerize olefins by itself at temperatures around 75.degree.-85.degree. C., when used together with boron trifluoride an oligomer mixture may be created which has improved properties over oligomers made over only boron trifluoride. If a resin catalyst is used, a protonic promoter is not required.

Abstract: Alpha olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a promoter containing a transition metal cation. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. A protonic promoter and an inert organic solvent may be present.

Abstract: Internal olefins such as those obtained from a disproportionation of 1-olefins like 1-decene are dimerized over a promoted boron trifluoride catalyst to yield oils useful as lubricant basestock.

Abstract: A process for producing hexene-1 oligomer by a process which comprises oligomerizing hexene-1 in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, such as boron trifluoride, and a promoter, such as water, the improvement comprising dissolving hexene-1 in a hydrocarbon solvent comprising 10-75% of the reaction mixture and conducting the oligomerizing in the hydrocarbon solvent. The hydrocarbon solvent has a minimum boiling point of 60.degree. C. There is an increase in both the reaction rate and trimer yield of product.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high quality synthetic lubricants which comprises transforming ethylene into a mix of alpha olefins, separating from this mix of alpha olefins the alpha olefins in the range from about 14 to 20 carbon atoms, oligomerizing the alpha olefins in the range from about 14 to 20 atoms with a perfluorosulfonic acid resin catalyst and hydrogenating these oligomerized olefins. The olefins from the original mix of alpha olefins which are lighter and heavier than the 14 to 20 carbon atom alpha olefins processed above are combined and subjected to an isomerization/disproportionation process and the resulting olefins in the range of about 14 to 20 carbon atoms are oligomerized with perfluorosulfonic acid resin catalyst as above. Optionally, these olefins in the range of 14 to 20 carbon atoms may be combined with the olefins prepared directly from ethylene before oligomerization takes place. The resulting oligomers are hydrogenated.

Abstract: A catalyst is prepared by reacting tungsten hexafluoride with water in a molar ratio of 2:1 to 20:1. This catalyst can be used to oligomerize 1-butene to produce synthetic hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: A synthetic hydrocarbon fluid is prepared by oligomerizing an olefin reactant in the presence of a catalyst prepared by reacting tungsten hexafluoride and water at a moderate temperature. For example, 1-butene is oligomerized at a temperature of about 40.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst obtained by reacting tungsten hexafluoride and water in a four to one mol ratio. The liquid oligomer product is then hydrogenated to remove residual unsaturation.

Abstract: A process is provided for selectively polymerizing isobutene in an olefinic C.sub.4 cut comprising isobutene and normal butenes by contacting the cut with a catalyst consisting essentially of silica-alumina; whereby at least 90% of the isobutene and less than 10% of the normal butenes in the cut are converted.

Abstract: A synthetic hydrocarbon fluid is prepared by oligomerizing an olefin reactant in the presence of a catalyst prepared by reacting tungsten hexafluoride and a branched-chain aliphatic alcohol at a moderate temperature. For example, 1-butene is oligomerized at a temperature of about 40.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst obtained by reacting tungsten hexafluoride and isopropanol in a four to one mol ratio. The liquid oligomer product is then hydrogenated to remove residual unsaturation.

Abstract: Internal olefins such as those obtained from a disproportionation of 1-olefins like 1-decene are dimerized over a promoted boron trifluoride catalyst to yield oils useful as lubricant basestock.

Abstract: A mixed olefin feedstock obtained from disproportionating C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 1-olefins can be used as such for a dimerization process to produce branched hydrocarbons that are useful as lubricating oils or greases.

Abstract: A mixed olefin feedstock obtained from disproportionating C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 1-olefins can be used as such, i.e. without removal of 1-olefins in a boron trifluoride catalyzed dimerization step to produce synthetic lubricating oils. The results achieved are as good as those achieved using a feedstock from which the undisproportionated 1-olefins have been removed so that this feedstock contains only internal olefins for the dimerization.