Abstract: Disclosed is a cutting oil composition, which is vastly superior in view of layer separation, dispersibility, viscosity, ingot-cleaning time after sawing, and wafer warpage after sawing, compared to conventional cutting oil compositions, and which includes mineral oil that is highly hydrogenated, as represented by Chemical Formulas 1 to 3, bentonite clay as a thickener, and glycerol trioleate as a dispersant. A cutting method using the cutting oil composition is also provided.

Abstract: The present application discloses systems and methods for producing hydrogen from sour gas feeds. The systems and methods include systems and methods for steam reforming sour gas to produce hydrogen and calcium looping systems and methods for producing hydrogen from sour gas. In the present systems and methods, a calcination reactor decomposes calcium carbonate to form a calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. In a fuel reactor, sour gas is reacted with the calcium oxide to product syngas and calcium sulfide. An air reactor oxidizes the calcium sulfide to form an oxygen lean air stream and calcium sulfate. A water gas shift reaction stage converts the syngas into a shifted syngas. A separation stage purifies the shifted synthesis gas stream to form a hydrogen product stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crude oil processing, particularly related to conversion of crude oil containing high amount of naphthenic acid compounds to lighter hydrocarbon materials with minimum capital expenditure. The invented process utilizes a novel scheme for high TAN crude oils by employing thermal cracking process to maximize the residue conversion to valuable products, which require minimum modifications in unit metallurgies and corrosion inhibitor injection schemes in refineries.

Abstract: The invention directed to a method of reducing the increase in viscosity and the drop in the heat transfer coefficient that commonly occurs with quenching media which is repeatedly circulated through a hot reaction vessel. The method comprises adding a preserving composition to the quenching media. The composition comprises: a) high temperature polymerization inhibitor, b) a tar dispersant, and c) a viscosity reducer. The method allows the quenching media to remain effective longer than would otherwise be the case. By doing so this prevents having to devote excessive resources for such problems as: controlling heat recovery, viscosity increases, product downgrades or having to operate equipment at temperatures beyond their optimum performance designs.

Abstract: A method for suppressing isomerization of an olefin metathesis product produced in a metathesis reaction includes adding an isomerization suppression agent to a mixture that includes the olefin metathesis product and residual metathesis catalyst from the metathesis reaction under conditions that are sufficient to passivate at least a portion of the residual metathesis catalyst. The isomerization suppression agent includes (i) a salt and/or an ester of a phosphorous oxo acid, and/or (ii) a derivative of the phosphorous oxo acid in which at least one P—H bond has been replaced by a P—C bond, and/or (iii) a salt and/or an ester of the derivative. Methods of refining natural oils are described.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt %, less than 2.8 wt % of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 190° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than ?58° C. is provided.

Abstract: A number of variations may include a product including a fluid additive including at least one asphaltene dispersant/inhibitor including a branched dendritic core and at least one carboxylic acid moiety.

Abstract: Use in a gas oil fuel composition, which preferably comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel, of a compound according to formula (I): wherein: R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-10 alkyl group, where such alkyl groups may be the same as or different from one another; and X is a nitrogen- or oxygen-containing group, for the purpose of reducing the cetane number of said fuel composition; preparation of such a fuel composition; and operating a fuel consuming system.

Abstract: A gas hydrate inhibitor composition including an aqueous solution of anthraquinones. Methods of making and using the inhibitor are also provided, as well as a method of evaluating effectiveness of an inhibitor using THF.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel by adding at least one compound having formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl groups, and G represents hydrogen or at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C18 alkyl and C1-C18 alkoxy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ionic liquid compound that inhibits a formation of a gas hydrate. The compound of the present invention changes an equilibrium temperature and pressure of a gas hydrate in small quantity into a lower temperature and/or a higher pressure, and simultaneously retards the formation of the gas hydrate under the same environment. Thus, the compound of the present invention is used in oil and natural gas industries to effectively inhibit or delay the formation of the gas hydrate under the condition having a low temperature and a high pressure.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a method of converting an oxy halide salt into a halide dioxide in a reaction zone under certain conditions is provided. More specifically, the method includes generating chlorine dioxide from a stable composition comprising an oxy halide salt by introducing said composition to a reducing agent and minimum temperature within the reaction zone.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for inhibiting the polymerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer, such as styrene monomer, during elevated temperature processing or distillation thereof or during storage or shipment of polymer containing product. The compositions include a combination of a hydroxybenzyl alcohol (1) and a dehydration catalyst (2). The combination is added to a vinyl aromatic monomer. Typically, the hydroxybenzyl alcohol is dehydrated in the styrene solution by the use of a strong acid catalyst acting as the dehydration catalyst, and the resultant reaction product is a quinone methide styrene inhibitor.

Abstract: An emulsifier for a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion fuel wherein reseparation between oil and water does not take place for a long period of time because of a stable emulsion state with homogenous dispersion. The emulsifier for a water-in-oil emulsion fuel includes the following (1) to (7) components: (1) heavy oil A: 50 mL or more 100 mL, (2) heavy oil B: 100 mL or more 200 mL, (3) heavy oil C: 300 mL or more 450 mL, (4) methanol: 100 mL or more 150 mL, (5) ethanol: 100 mL or more 200 mL, (6) palm oil: 100 mL or more 150 mL, and (7) water: 100 mL or more 200 mL.

Abstract: The polymerization of monomers may be at least partially reduced or inhibited by introducing an effective amount of an additive. The additive may be or include at least one hydroquinone, such as but not limited to, 2,6-di-tert-butyl hydroquinone, 2,5 di-tert-butyl hydroquinone, 3,5 di-tert-butyl hydroquinone, 3,5 di-methyl hydroquinone, 3,6 di-tert-butyl hydroquinone, and combinations thereof. The polymerizable monomers may be or include, but are not limited to styrene, butadiene, isoprene, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the combustion of a mixture of fluid or gaseous hydrocarbon with combustion air comprising, an inner tube for receiving the flow of said mixture, the inner tube having at both sides two fittings or couplers; a central magnetic ring for generating an axial magnetic field in the vicinity of the center of said inner tube two magnetic rings located on both sides and held at a predetermined distance from said central magnetic ring; a first connecting bridge allowing a magnetic connection of the two magnetic rings but without connection with said central magnetic ring; and two connection bridges allowing a magnetic connection between said central magnetic ring and each of the magnetic rings at both ends.

Abstract: Provided herein are, inter alia, heavy crude oil emulsion compositions and methods of making the same. The compositions and methods provided herein are particularly useful for the transport of heavy crude oils.

Abstract: The invention provides novel Zr MOFs, in particular compounds having a surface area of at least 1020 m2/g or if functionalized, having a surface area of at least 500 m2/g.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the polymerization of cyclopentadiene compounds (B) by contacting the cyclopentadiene compound with a quinone methide compound (A) of structure (I), Compositions (AB) comprising (A) and (B) are also provided.

Abstract: Method and system for predicting a need for introducing anti-fouling additives to a hydrocarbon stream in a hydrocarbon refinery. The method comprises characterizing whether the hydrocarbon stream is a non-high solvency dispersive power (“HSDP”) crude and performing at least one of determining whether the hydrocarbon stream is subject to filterable solids levels greater than about 100 wppm or classifying whether the hydrocarbon stream has an expected low flow velocity during normal operating conditions within the refinery. The method further comprises indicating, using a processor, that anti-fouling additives are recommended if the hydrocarbon stream is characterized to be a non-HSDP crude and either the hydrocarbon stream is determined to be subject to filterable solids levels greater than about 100 wppm or the hydrocarbon stream is classified as having expected low flow within a heat exchanger of the refinery.

Abstract: Provided herein are, inter alia, heavy crude oil emulsion compositions and methods of making the same. The compositions and methods provided herein are particularly useful for the transport of heavy crude oils.

Abstract: Fouling in basic washing systems such as caustic scrubbers can be prevented or at least mitigated by treating the liquid washing phase used in a caustic scrubber with an additive having at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oxalyl dihydrazide, a disulfite salt, isopropyl hydroxylamine, chlorobenzhydrazide, aminobenzhydrazide, a thiosulfate salt, 4,4-dimethyl oxazolidine, a hydrosulfite salt, and mixtures thereof, particularly in the case where the liquid washing phase includes components that may undergo an aldol condensation, the products of which may cause fouling solids and/or sludges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a MOF shaped body in the form of spheres, MOF shaped bodies in the form of spheres and a method of uptake of at least one substance for the purposes of its storage, separation, controlled release, chemical reaction or as support utilizing MOF shaped bodies in the form of spheres.

Abstract: The invention concerns a formulation and method which allow for the efficient delivery of antipolymerants of low solubility into processes for the production of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and associated process streams, and which avoid the potential health and safety problems and economic disadvantages which are associated with the methods of the prior art and facilitate the safe and efficient production of these monomers. Specifically, the invention provides an antipolymerant composition for the prevention of unwanted polymerisation reactions during the production and processing of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, the composition comprising a concentrated liquid formulation, wherein said concentrated liquid formulation is a suspension concentrate which comprises: (a) at least one compound selected from the group comprising phenols, quinones, thiazines, hydroxylamines and aromatic amines; (b) at least one dispersing agent; and (c) at least one polar or non-polar liquid carrier.

Abstract: A method for increasing the cetane number of a fuel composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component, in order to reach a target cetane number X, is provided by adding to the composition a concentration c of an ignition improver, wherein c is lower than the concentration which theory would predict needed to be added in order to achieve the target. The ignition improver is preferably 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and the fuel composition suitably a diesel or kerosene fuel. A fuel composition for use in a compression ignition engine, which has a cetane number of 85 or greater, and contains a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component and an ignition improver is also disclosed.

Abstract: The polymerization of monomers may be at least partially reduced or inhibited by introducing an effective amount of an additive. The additive may be or include a first compound: where: R1 and R2 may be or include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkyl group having a heteroatom, an aryl group having a heteroatom, and combinations thereof. The hetero atom may be or include sulfur, nitrogen and/or oxygen. R1 may be the same or different from R2. The polymerizable monomers may be or include, but are not limited to styrene, butadiene, isoprene, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of converting glycerol into organic reaction products. The method may include mixing glycerol with a monohydric alcohol. The mixture of glycerol and monohydric alcohol is then reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst, wherein the monohydric alcohol is present at subcritical/supercritical temperatures and pressures. This converts the glycerol into one or more reaction products, wherein the reaction products include an oxygenated organic reaction product. Ninety percent or greater of the glycerol is converted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous pour point depressant dispersion composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA); a dispersing agent; water; optionally an aqueous freezing point depressant; and optionally a stabilizing agent wherein the volume average particle size of the dispersed thermoplastic polymer is equal to or less than 1 micrometers and a method to make and use said composition.

Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks of the family M2 (2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) wherein M=Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni or Zn are a group of porous crystalline materials formed of metal cations or clusters joined by multitopic organic linkers that can be used to isolate individual gases from a stream of combined gases. This group of adsorbant materials incorporates a high density of coordinatively-unsaturated MII centers lining the pore surfaces. These adsorbents are particularly suited for selective carbon dioxide/monoxide adsorption via pressure swing adsorption near temperatures of 313 K since they selectively adsorb carbon dioxide at high pressures in the presence of hydrogen, and desorb carbon dioxide upon a pressure decrease. The redox-active FeII centers in Fe2(dobdc) can be used for the separation of O2 from N2 and other separations based on selective, reversible electron transfer reactions.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide zinc oxide particles which have excellent ultraviolet blocking performance and also excellent dispersibility, and therefore can be suitably used as an ultraviolet blocking agent for cosmetics. Provided are zinc oxide particles having a primary particle diameter of less than 0.1 ?m, an aspect ratio of less than 2.5 and an oil absorption/BET specific surface area of 1.5 ml/100 m2 or less.

Abstract: Methods and systems for blending multiple batches of mixed hydrocarbons into fuel streams downstream of the refinery are provided that do not compromise the octane value of the fuel and do not cause the volatility of the fuel to exceed volatilities imposed by government regulation.

Abstract: A multi-component scavenging system containing at least one ester and at least one electron-deficient organic compound, together with or without one or more optional components such as an aldehyde having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a ketone having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether, a solvent, an alkali metal salt of an alkyl or dialkyl phenol, an epoxide, an alkyl anhydride, and mixtures thereof, may be used to scavenge contaminants from hydrocarbon and/or aqueous streams. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, ammonia, primary amines, secondary or tertiary amines, H2S, mercaptans, sulfide cyanides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A carbon-based additive may be added to a base fluid to form a fluid composition. The fluid composition may inhibit fouling of the base fluid by any fouling-causing components that may be present in the base fluid where the base fluid is an aqueous fluid, a non-aqueous fluid, and combinations thereof. A carbon-based additive may include solid nanoparticles, nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, nanoribbons, nanosheets, and combinations thereof. The carbon-based additive may be present in the fluid in an effective amount to inhibit fouling of the fluid by the fouling-causing components, particularly asphaltenes in a non-limiting example.

Abstract: A method for determining corrosiveness of naphthenic acid in a crude oil feedstock is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a crude oil feedstock containing naphthenic acid; contacting the crude oil feedstock with iron for a period of time at a sufficient temperature for the iron to react with the naphthenic acid, forming iron salts. Under sufficiently high temperatures, at least a portion of the iron salts decompose to form ketone, which can be quantified. Measurements of the ketone can be used to correlate with the amount of iron lost from corrosion given a certain level of naphthenic acid present, giving a measure of the corrosivity of crude oil feedstock.

Abstract: A process of solubilizing organic solids that includes reacting an organic solid with an oxidant in superheated water to form a solubilized organic solute. Preferably, the organic solid is selected from the group consisting of coal, lignite, kerogen, biomass, solid organic wastes, and mixtures thereof. The oxidant preferably is molecular oxygen.

Abstract: Materials and processes for the conversion of carbohydrates and polyols to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons. Carbohydrates and polyols are reacted in the presence of modified zeolite catalysts to form a reaction product containing non-aromatic and aromatic gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method for unloading fluids from an oil and gas well, pipeline or flowline includes using a synergistic combination of an alkyl glucoside and an amphoteric surfactant as a foaming composition. Use of the combination foaming composition improves unloading of formation fluids, particularly production fluids having natural gas condensate and water and therefore increases the rate of production from the oil and gas well.

Abstract: Processes and systems for stabilization and subsequent hydrogenation of an immiscible olefin are described. Methods of stabilizing a microbial-derived olefin composition are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compositions comprising the following components: A, a polymer obtainable through hydrosilylation of a siloxane having SiH functions and having vinyl functions with another unsaturated compound, and D, platinum-group-metal atoms or platinum-group-metal ions, as antifoam for hydrocarbons, and also for suppressing or reducing the formation of foam or for the destabilization of foam.

Abstract: Method for degassing a storage tank for liquid products containing volatile organic compounds or VOC, in particular petroleum products, comprising a step a) of introducing an aqueous mixture comprising substances able to interact chemically and/or physically with the VOC in the gaseous state inside the tank, which is kept closed, so as to encourage them to pass from the gaseous phase to the liquid phase, and to remain in the liquid phase. Such introduction step being protracted so as to reduce the concentration of the VOC to a predetermined value functional to having an acceptable explosive limit.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation. The method comprises providing a hydrocarbon recovery composition comprising a mixture of branched internal olefin sulfonate molecules, and contacting hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing formation with the hydrocarbon recovery composition. The mixture of branched internal olefin sulfonate molecules has an average number of carbon atoms of between 19 and 23, and an average number of branches of at least 0.6 per molecule. A hydrocarbon composition produced from a hydrocarbon containing formation, and a hydrocarbon recovery composition comprising a mixture of branched internal olefin sulfonate molecules are also provided.

Abstract: Processes for recovering hydrocarbons from subterranean formations are disclosed. The hydrocarbon can be contacted with water or steam and one or more additives, and subsequently recovered. The hydrocarbon can be selected from the group consisting of heavy or light crude oil, bitumen, an oil sand ore, a tar sand ore and combinations thereof. The additive can be, for example, a fluorinated hydrocarbon, one or more alcohols, combinations of alcohols, and combinations of one or more alcohols and one or more fluorinated hydrocarbons. Compositions or mixtures including hydrocarbons, water or steam, and additives are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for suppressing isomerization of an olefin metathesis product produced in a metathesis reaction includes adding an isomerization suppression agent to a mixture that includes the olefin metathesis product and residual metathesis catalyst from the metathesis reaction under conditions that are sufficient to passivate at least a portion of the residual metathesis catalyst. The isomerization suppression agent is phosphorous acid, a phosphorous acid ester, phosphinic acid, a phosphinic acid ester or combinations thereof. Methods of refining natural oils are described.

Abstract: A method for suppressing isomerization of an olefin metathesis product produced in a metathesis reaction includes adding an isomerization suppression agent to a mixture that includes the olefin metathesis product and residual metathesis catalyst from the metathesis reaction under conditions that are sufficient to passivate at least a portion of the residual metathesis catalyst. The isomerization suppression agent includes (i) a salt and/or an ester of a phosphorous oxo acid, and/or (ii) a derivative of the phosphorous oxo acid in which at least one P—H bond has been replaced by a P—C bond, and/or (iii) a salt and/or an ester of the derivative. Methods of refining natural oils are described.

Abstract: A method of affecting soot particulate size in an internal combustion engine exhaust by selectively providing a phosphorous based additive to the engine during combustion. Soot particulate size can be increased or decreased depending on the particular additive provided. Also disclosed in a conditioning effect experienced by using a phosphorous based additive for a period of time. A conditioned engine can also have its exhaust properties affected during the life of its conditioned state. Manipulating particle size during engine operation can employ an oligomeric phosphorous compound. Engine conditioning can employ a monomeric phosphorous containing compound, an oligomeric phosphorous containing compound, a polymeric phosphorous containing compound, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions useful for synthesizing alkylaromatics from an n-alkanes.

Abstract: Micronized polymers suitable for use in fuels and lubricants having a particle size distribution of less than 30 microns obtained from water-soluble solid organic polymers is provided. A water-soluble solid organic polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 200,000 is subjected to a molecular segmentation in a polar solvent in a polymer to solvent ratio in the range of 1:1 to 1:10 to produce a micronized polymer having a particle size distribution of less than 30 microns.

Abstract: A viscous fluid, such as heavy crude oil which is too viscous to enable it to be pumped from a flowing phase of a reservoir into and along a pipeline for delivery to a refinery or other storage facility, may be contacted with a formulation to reduce its viscosity. The formulation comprises a polymeric material AA which includes —O— moieties pendent from a polymeric backbone thereof and said material is optionally cross-linked. In one embodiment, the formulation may comprise polyvinyl alcohol. In an alternative embodiment, the formulation may comprise a cross-linked polymeric material, such as cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol. After the viscous composition has been transported to a desired location, it may be separated from the other components.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crude hydrocarbon composition containing (a) a liquid crude hydrocarbon having an API gravity of less than or equal to about 20; and (b) a minor amount of a blend comprising (i) one or more hydrocarbon-containing solvents having an aromatic content of at least about 10 wt. %; and (ii) one or more asphaltene modifiers selected from the group consisting of an aromatic sulfonic acid or salt thereof, an aliphatic sulfonic acid or salt thereof and an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid or salt thereof. Also disclosed is a method for transporting a liquid crude hydrocarbon having an API gravity of less than or equal to about 20.

Abstract: This invention provides, but is not limited to, methods of using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with open metal sites for acetylene storage. Also provided are compositions and materials comprising MOFs with open metal sites and acetylene, e.g., an acetylene storage material comprising HKUST-1 and acetylene.