Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and ?-terpinene particularly useful in automotive air conditioning systems and devices, commercial refrigeration systems and devices, chillers, residential refrigerator and freezers, general air conditioning systems, heat pumps, and the like.

Abstract: An alkylphenol copolymer, such as for use in a petroleum composition, is provided. The alkylphenol copolymer has the following repeating units (A) and (B): wherein, x is an integer from 1 to 200; y is an integer from 2 to 200; R1 is a straight or branched C1-C15 alkyl; and R2 is a straight or branched C2-C40 alkyl, wherein R2 is different than R1.

Abstract: A paraffin inhibitor composition that exhibits stable properties at low temperature is provided. The composition may contain, for instance, an alkylphenol copolymer having the following repeating units (A) and (B): wherein, x is an integer from 1 to 200; y is an integer from 2 to 200; R1 is a straight or branched C1-C15 alkyl; and R2 is a straight or branched C16-C40 alkyl.

Abstract: An asphaltene dispersant composition is provided. The composition may contain an alkylphenol copolymer having the following repeating units (A) and (B): wherein, x is an integer from 1 to 200; y is an integer from 2 to 200; R1 is a straight or branched C1-C15 alkyl; and R2 is a straight or branched C2-C40 alkyl, wherein R2 is different than R1.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions including up to 20 wt % of a paraffin inhibiting polymer and a non-polymeric ester compound, wherein the compositions flow at a temperature between about 0° C. and ?40° C., or between about ?20° C. and ?40° C. The non-polymeric ester compounds are liquids at 20° C. and atmospheric pressure, and have boiling points over 100° C., in many cases over 200° C. The compositions are useful to inhibit paraffin deposition during petroleum recovery, refining, storing, and transporting under field conditions, wherein the concentrates are pumpable and pourable, do not precipitate, and do not exhibit high pressure buildup inside enclosed containers at temperatures as low as ?40° C. and as high as 60° C.

Abstract: Described herein are materials and methods for improved catalytic oligomerization of an ethylene monomer and/or propylene monomer. The present disclosure teaches oligomerizing the ethylene monomer or propylene monomer to produce oligomers. Also described is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising sulfate modified nickel on titanium modified alumina and a surface modification with yttrium (Y) suitable for use in the disclosed oligomerization.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for block operation during lubricant and/or fuels production from deasphalted oil. During “block” operation, a deasphalted oil and/or the hydroprocessed effluent from an initial processing stage can be split into a plurality of fractions. The fractions can correspond, for example, to feed fractions suitable for forming a light neutral fraction, a heavy neutral fraction, and a bright stock fraction, or the plurality of fractions can correspond to any other convenient split into separate fractions. The plurality of separate fractions can then be processed separately in the process train (or in the sweet portion of the process train) for forming fuels and/or lubricant base stocks. This can allow for formation of unexpected base stock compositions.

Abstract: A composition for suppressing dust particles includes from about 51% to about 100% by weight of saturated hydrocarbons, and from about 0 to about 49% by weight of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The composition has a content of wax in the range from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the total composition. A method of making and a method of using such a composition are also provided.

Abstract: An aromatic pre-blend for use in preparing E10 test fuel in accordance with 40 CFR 1065.710(b) includes a mixture of aromatic compounds having C6-C10+ aromatic proportions as recited in 40 CFR 1065.710(b).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multigrade engine oil with excellent low temperature viscometric properties, including improved mini-rotary viscometer (MRV) results. In one embodiment, the multigrade engine oil comprises a major amount of a first lubricating base oil having a MRV viscosity at a test temperature from about ?25° C. to about ?40° C. of greater than 60,000 cP and a MRV yield stress at the test temperature of greater than zero; a second lubricating base oil having a MRV viscosity at the test temperature of 60,000 cP of less and no MRV yield stress at the test temperature; and a pour point depressant. The multigrade engine oil has a MRV viscosity at the test temperature of 60,000 cP or less and no MRV yield stress at the test temperature. Since the first lubricating base oil is present in a major amount, the first lubricating base oil is present in an amount greater than any other component of the multigrade engine oil, including the amount of the second lubricating base oil.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for transmissions having improved fuel saving properties, excellent metal fatigue prevention properties, and heat resistance containing: a lubricating base oil containing (A) a mineral base oil having a 100° C. kinematic viscosity of 1.5 mm2/s or higher and 3.5 mm2/s or lower, a pour point of ?25° C. or lower, a viscosity index of 105 or greater, a % CP of 85 or greater, a % CN of 2 or greater and 20 or less and a % CA of 3 or less and (B) a monoester-based base oil having a 100° C. kinematic viscosity of 2 to 10 mm2/s; (C) a phosphorus acid ester; and (D) a boronated ashless dispersant, the ratio of the mass percent of boron to the mass percent of phosphorus in the composition (B/P) being from 0.07 to 0.42, and the composition having a 100° C. kinematic viscosity of 2.5 to 4.0 mm2/s is described.

Abstract: Low sulphur marine fuel compositions are provided. Embodiments comprise greater than 50 to 90 wt % of a residual hydrocarbon component, with the remaining 10 and up to 50 wt % selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof. Embodiments of the marine fuel composition can have a sulphur content of about 0.1 wt % or less.

Abstract: A composition, including 40-50 wt-% C14 paraffins, based on the total weight of the composition, and 35-45 wt-% C15 paraffins, based on the total weight of the composition, wherein the C14 and C15 paraffins are produced from a biological raw material.

Abstract: Provided are processes for making hydrocarbons from renewable feed sources. In an embodiment, there is provided a method for producing a lube basestock including: contacting a compound of Formula (I) and a feedstock of biological origin with a catalyst component including a basic material: wherein R1 is selected from acyclic hydrocarbyl, cyclic hydrocarbyl, and aryl, wherein R1 has one or more optional substitutions selected from the group consisting of —Ra, —ORa, —C(O)Ra, and —C(O)ORa, wherein Ra is H or C1-C6 alkyl group; and n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; and hydrogenating a ketone to a hydrocarbon with a catalyst including a hydrogenation catalyst and a hydrothermally stable binder.

Abstract: A liquid fuel formed by the mixture of toluene, meta-xylene and n-hexane, in proportions of between 50 and 70% of toluene, between 10 and 20% of meta-xylene and between 20 and 30% of n-hexane.

Abstract: Fuel compositions exhibiting reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, based on a lifecycle assessment from the time of cultivation of feedstocks (in the case of plant materials) or extraction of feedstocks (in the case of fossil fuels) required for the compositions (up to and including the ultimate combustion of the fuel composition by the end user) are disclosed. The reduced level of emissions (“carbon footprint”) is achieved by incorporating a pyrolysis derived component having a higher heating value than ethanol and meeting other applicable standards for fossil fuel (e.g., petroleum) derived components conventionally used for the same purpose, such as transportation fuels. Advantageously, fuel compositions comprising pyrolysis derived gasoline can exhibit lower GHG emissions than gasoline derived solely from petroleum, or even conventional blends of petroleum derived gasoline and ethanol.

Abstract: A process and system for separating bio-gasoline, bio-diesel and bio-fuel oil fractions from a bio-oil, and for producing a renewable gasoline including at least in part the bio-gasoline fraction, is provided. The process comprises separating bio-oil into a bio-gasoline fraction and a heavy fraction based on their boiling points. At least a portion of the bio-gasoline fraction is directly blended with a petroleum-derived gasoline, without any prior hydrotreatment, to thereby provide a renewable gasoline composition.

Abstract: High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt %, less than 2.8 wt % of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 190° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than ?58° C. is provided.

Abstract: Synthetic alkylated graphenes of well chosen structure are prepared and used for mimicking indigenous asphaltenes. The mixtures can be used as multiphase flow test fluids in general and specifically in the Oil and gas industry.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine contains: a base oil including a component (A) of a polyalphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of 5.5 mm2/s or less, a CCS viscosity at ?35 degrees C. of 3000 mPa·s or less and a NOACK of 12 mass % or less and a component (B) of a mineral oil having a viscosity index of 120 or more; and polyisobutylene having a mass average molecular weight of 500,000 or more. A content of the composition (A) is 25 mass % or more of a total amount of a lubricating oil.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine contains a component (A) of a polyalphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of 5.5 mm2/s or less, a CCS viscosity at ?35 degrees C. of 3000 mPA·s or less and a NOACK of 12 mass % or less, and a component (B) of a mineral oil having a viscosity index of 120 or more. The component (A) is contained at a content of 10 mass % or more of a total amount of the composition.

Abstract: Use in a gas oil fuel composition, which preferably comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel, of a compound according to formula (I): wherein: R1 to R4 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-10 alkyl group, where such alkyl groups may be the same as or different from one another; and X is a nitrogen- or oxygen-containing group, for the purpose of reducing the cetane number of said fuel composition; preparation of such a fuel composition; and operating a fuel consuming system.

Abstract: Fuel compositions containing an isomerized component of a single carbon number may contain at least 97 wt. %, based on the total weight of the fuel composition, of an isomerized component consisting of aliphatic paraffin isomers all having the formula CnH2n+2, where 10?n?22 and n has the same value for each aliphatic paraffin isomer in the isomerized component. The fuel compositions have a normal alkane content of less than 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the fuel composition. Methods for preparing the fuel compositions include hydroisomerizing a normal alkane starting material to form an isomerized mixture and subsequently removing remnant normal alkanes from the isomerized mixture by solvent dewaxing and/or distillation. Some of the fuel compositions may have freezing points at or below ?47° C., making them amenable for use a surrogate fuels in the place of JP-8.

Abstract: A compound having formula (Ph3C)mAr(OR)n, wherein Ph represents a phenyl group, Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms, R is C1-C18 alkyl or C7-C12 aralkyl, m is one or two, and n is an integer from one to four.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel by adding at least one compound having formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl groups, and G represents hydrogen or at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C18 alkyl and C1-C18 alkoxy.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine contains: a base oil including a component (A) of a polyalphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of 5.5 mm2/s or less, a CCS viscosity at ?35 degrees C. of 3000 mPa·s or less and a NOACK of 12 mass % or less and a component (B) of a mineral oil having a viscosity index of 120 or more; and polyisobutylene having a mass average molecular weight of 500,000 or more. A content of the composition (A) is 25 mass % or more of a total amount of a lubricating oil.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine contains a component (A) of a polyalphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of 5.5 mm2/s or less, a CCS viscosity at ?35 degrees C. of 3000 mPA·s or less and a NOACK of 12 mass % or less, and a component (B) of a mineral oil having a viscosity index of 120 or more. The component (A) is contained at a content of 10 mass % or more of a total amount of the composition.

Abstract: Low sulphur marine fuel compositions are provided. Embodiments comprise greater than 50 to 90 wt % of a residual hydrocarbon component, with the remaining 10 and up to 50 wt % selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof. Embodiments of the marine fuel composition can have a sulphur content of about 0.1 wt % or less.

Abstract: Acyclic monterpene alcohols, like linalool, to be converted through a series of highly efficient catalytic reactions a biogasoline blending component, and a drop-in biodiesel fuel.

Abstract: Provided is a lubricant for metal working comprising a vinylidene compound having 12 to 64 carbon atoms obtained by oligomerizing ?-olefins, having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, using a metallocene catalyst. The lubricant for metal working is excellent in a workability and a surface detergency property and has a high flash point and can reduce environmental pollution.

Abstract: Oils from plants and animal fats are hydrolyzed to fatty acids for a Kolbe reaction. The invention relates to a high productivity Kolbe reaction process for electrochemically decarboxylating C4-C28 fatty acids using small amounts of acetic acid to lower anodic passivation voltage and synthesizing C6-C54 hydrocarbons. The C6-C54 undergo olefin metathesis and/or hydroisomerization reaction process to synthesize heavy fuel oil, diesel fuel, kerosene fuel, lubricant base oil, and linear alpha olefin products useful as precursors for polymers, detergents, and other fine chemicals.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a lubricating oil composition having a low friction coefficient (traction coefficient) and a superior fluidity at low temperature, suitable as a transmission oil including an automatic transmission oil, by using a base oil which contains a mineral oil satisfying the conditions that (1) kinetic viscosity at 100° C. is in the range of 5 mm2/s or more to 8 mm2/s or less, (2) viscosity index is 130 or more, and (3) % CP by a ring analysis (n-d-M method) is 80 or more.

Abstract: Methods for transporting bitumen extraction product include providing bitumen-laden aromatic solvent, providing bitumen-laden paraffinic solvent, and blending the two materials. The resulting mixture can be transported through existing pipeline infrastructure and can use existing separation processing equipment, and thereby avoids the need for separate infrastructure for each composition. Combining the two compositions can also avoid undesirable asphaltene precipitation.

Abstract: An enhanced hydraulic fluid comprises a conventional hydraulic fluid in combination with a predetermined amount of benzene by volume relative to the conventional hydraulic fluid. The predetermined amount of benzene preferably comprises between about 1.0% to about 20.0% benzene by volume, more preferably between about 1.5% to about 10.0% benzene by volume, and most preferably between about 2.0% to about 5.0% benzene by volume. The conventional hydraulic fluid may comprise electronics coolant liquids and oils. Conventional hydraulic fluids that may be mixed with benzene in the volumes described above include, but are not limited to, FLUORINERTS™ that include FC-43 and FC-70, including any perfluorinated, partially fluorinated, or partially chlorinated alkane with between about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms; mineral oils that include CAPELLA™ brand mineral oil; esther oils (synthetic or natural) that include formidals, and MIDEL™ brand esther oils.

Abstract: An emulsifier for a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion fuel wherein reseparation between oil and water does not take place for a long period of time because of a stable emulsion state with homogenous dispersion. The emulsifier for a water-in-oil emulsion fuel includes the following (1) to (7) components: (1) heavy oil A: 50 mL or more 100 mL, (2) heavy oil B: 100 mL or more 200 mL, (3) heavy oil C: 300 mL or more 450 mL, (4) methanol: 100 mL or more 150 mL, (5) ethanol: 100 mL or more 200 mL, (6) palm oil: 100 mL or more 150 mL, and (7) water: 100 mL or more 200 mL.

Abstract: Pyrolysis fuels and methods for processing pyrolysis fuel are provided. In one embodiment, a method of processing pyrolysis fuel converts biomass to pyrolysis fuel including pyrolysis oil and char particles. Also, the method includes resizing a portion of the char particles so that substantially all resized char particles have a largest dimension no greater than about 5 microns.

Abstract: Deasphalted residual oil (DAO) and the aromatics-rich extract that is derived from DAO have low polycyclic aromatics contents, relatively low aniline points, and high flash points. They form blending stocks that improve properties of mixed feedstocks to consistently produce environmentally qualified rubber processing oil (RPO) by extraction under low solvent-to-oil ratios and moderate extraction temperatures. Distilling a petroleum crude oil under atmospheric pressure generates a bottom residual oil which is then subject to vacuum distillation to yield a bottom residual oil. DAO is produced by removing the asphalt from the vacuum bottom residual oil through extraction with light paraffinic solvent. The extract of DAO is a co-product in the production of the bright stock of the lubricating oil through extraction. The feedstock is mixed with the extract from a petroleum fraction boiling in lube oil range.

Abstract: A composition useful as a Reference Standard for measurement of Cetane Number or for use as a standard for determining a Derived Cetane Number consists essentially of a blend of n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane. The disclosed Reference Standards can be used directly as substitutes for blends of n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane in ASTM D613-10a for determining Cetane Number, or in ASTM D6890, ASTM 07170 or ASTM D7668 to determine a Derived Cetane Number.

Abstract: A novel lubricant composition is disclosed. In one embodiment the lubricant composition comprises in admixture: a first base stock component comprising one or more base stocks each having a viscosity of at least 40 cSt, Kv100° C. and a molecular weight distribution (MWD) as a function of viscosity at least 10 percent less than algorithm: MWD=0.2223+1.0232*log (Kv at 100° C. in cSt); and a second base stock component comprising one or more base stocks each having a viscosity less than 10 cSt, Kv100° C.

Abstract: An oil-free chain is constructed by alternately connecting a pair of outer link plates connected using pins and a pair of inner link plates connected using oil-impregnated bushings into which the adjacent pins of the outer link plates adjacent to the inner link plates are fitted. The oil-impregnated bushings are impregnated with a lubricant having a kinematic viscosity in the range of ISO-VG grade 46 to 460, the weight % of an ingredient having the highest content among the elution ingredients obtained by the GPC method is 95 wt % or more, Mn is 800 or more and 2300 or less, and the ratio of Mw to Mn is 1.0 or more and 1.3 or less. Oil film breakage at the sliding portions of the bushings is suppressed from occurring and the oil film strength is high such that an oil-free chain has a sufficiently long abrasion elongation-resistant life.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas oil composition for winter use, which can achieve environment load reduction, excellent low-temperature properties and low fuel consumption all together. The gas oil composition comprises on the basis of the total mass thereof, an FT synthetic base oil and/or a hydrotreated animal or vegetable oil with specific characteristics in an amount of 70 percent by volume or more and 98 percent by volume or less, a petroleum base oil with specific characteristics in an amount of 2 percent by volume or more and 30 percent by volume or less and a cold flow improver comprising an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and/or a compound with a surface active effect.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fluid which can be used in the composition of industrial, agricultural and household products, with a pour point of less than ?15° C. according to ASTM standard D97, initial and final boiling points between 200 and 450° C., containing more than 50% by weight of isoparaffins and naphthenes up to at most 40% by weight, and constituted by a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by distillation of hydrodewaxed gas-oil cuts with a boiling point greater than 200° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to linear programming methods and systems. The linear programming model has at least one input streams, at least one intermediate stream, and at least one output stream. The linear programming model is utilized for simulating the effect of withdrawing at least a portion of an intermediate steam on one or more of the model's outputs.

Abstract: A method for increasing the cetane number of a fuel composition containing a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component, in order to reach a target cetane number X, is provided by adding to the composition a concentration c of an ignition improver, wherein c is lower than the concentration which theory would predict needed to be added in order to achieve the target. The ignition improver is preferably 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and the fuel composition suitably a diesel or kerosene fuel. A fuel composition for use in a compression ignition engine, which has a cetane number of 85 or greater, and contains a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component and an ignition improver is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a process oil using as a raw material a deasphalted oil obtained by deasphalting a vacuum residual oil of a crude oil and a manufacturing method of the process oil, the process oil having properties of: (a) a polycyclic aromatics (PCA) content of less than 3 mass %; (b) a viscosity (100° C.) of 40 to 70 mm2/s; (c) an aniline point of 85 to 100° C.; (d) a flash point of 250° C. or higher; (e) an aromatic hydrocarbon content of 40 to 55 mass %; and (f) a polar substance content of 10 to 15 mass %. The present invention is also related to a process oil and a manufacturing method of the process oil, the process oil obtained by mixing: an extract obtained by deasphalting and solvent-extracting a vacuum residual oil of a crude oil; and a lubricant base oil having a polycyclic aromatics (PCA) content of less than 3 mass %, and having properties of: (a) a polycyclic aromatics (PCA) content of less than 3 mass %; (i) a viscosity (100° C.

Abstract: Methods and systems for blending multiple batches of mixed hydrocarbons into fuel streams downstream of the refinery are provided that do not compromise the octane value of the fuel and do not cause the volatility of the fuel to exceed volatilities imposed by government regulation.

Abstract: A method for producing synthetic fluids from TGFA's harvested from genetically modified seed crops in which all of the fatty acids in the TGFA's from the seeds of a crop have the same carbon atom chain length, preferably C12 or C14, and the synthetic fluids produced by the method. The TGFA's are hydroprocessed to cleave the fatty acids from the glycol backbone and to hydrodeoxygenate and isomerize the fatty acids to form single carbon chain length isoparaffins having a controlled degree of branching with minimum cracking. Controlled mixtures of hydrocarbon components, in which each hydrocarbon component of the mixture has a different single carbon atom chain length, are produced.

Abstract: The invention provides a stock oil composition for a carbon material for a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, having a 10 vol % distillation temperature of 280° C. or higher as the distillation property, a density of at least 0.90 g/cm3 at a temperature of 15° C. and a normal paraffin content of at least 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight as the total weight of the stock oil composition; and having an aromatic component content of 30-85 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight as the total weight of the stock oil composition and an aromatic component molecular weight of 250-1600 when the aromatic components and non-aromatic components are separated by elution chromatography.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-containing mixture including acetylene and butenyne is disclosed. The hydrocarbon-containing mixture can include 10% to 89% acetylene, 10% to 89% butenyne, and at least 0.25% dimethyl butadiyne. A method and system for producing the hydrocarbon-containing mixture is also disclosed. The system can include an acetylene production subsystem comprising at least one vessel and an acetylene output for delivering acetylene to a finishing vessel via a finishing vessel inlet. The finishing vessel can include a diffuser in fluid communication with the finishing vessel inlet, and gas exiting the diffuser can pass through a reaction chamber filled with solid calcium carbide before passing through a finishing vessel outlet.

Abstract: A system for producing enhanced wax alternatives, including a high shear device comprising a rotor and a stator, and configured to process petroleum wax and base oil with a hydrogen-containing gas under shearing conditions to form a feedstock, wherein at least one of the rotor and the stator comprises a toothed surface; and a reactor comprising a reactor inlet and a reactor outlet, and configured for hydrogenation of the feedstock for a time sufficient to produce enhanced hydrogenated products, wherein the high shear device is in fluid communication with the reactor, whereby the feedstock is transferable therebetween.