Abstract: A process of producing high octane hydrocarbons includes the steps of preparing a mixture of substantially ethanol and butane or natural gasoline, or low octane gasoline, the mixture having room temperature and atmospheric pressure, adjusting the pressure of the mixture to a magnitude within the range of 10 to 50 pounds per square inch, adjusting the temperature of the mixture to a magnitude within the range of 100 to 460 degrees Fahrenheit, adjusting the pressure of the mixture to a pressure within the range of 500 to 1000 hydrocarbons pounds per square inch, catalyzing the mixture with a platinum catalyst, lowering the temperature of the mixture to a magnitude within a range of 90 to 190 degrees Fahrenheit, and separating out liquid product and gas from the mixture.

Abstract: Nickel-copper catalysts supported on an acidic carrier, preferably containing a binder, are used to hydroisomerize paraffins, particularly Fischer-Tropsch paraffins, boiling at 350.degree. F.+ into lighter, more valuable products.

Abstract: A process is provided to react a feedstock comprising isobutane with pentenes in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst to produce a high octane alkylate as well as a higher octane isopentane gasoline blending component. A method to reduce sulfuric acid consumption during alkylation is provided wherein a diolefinic contaminant of a pentene system feed is selectively hydrogenated before alkylation. An alkylation method is provided wherein the alkylation feed is separated into a fraction comprising substantially C.sub.4 and lower olefins and a fraction comprising substantially C.sub.5 olefins and the stream comprising C.sub.5 olefins is alkylated in a different reactor than the fraction comprising substantially C.sub.4 and lower olefins.

Abstract: An integrated fluid coking/paraffin dehydrogenation process. The fluid coking unit is comprised of a fluid coker reactor, a heater, and a gasifier. Solids from the fluidized beds are recycled between the coking zone and the heater and between the heater and the gasifier. A separate stream of hot solids from the gasifier is diluted with hot solids from the heater then passed to the scrubbing zone of the coker reactor. A light paraffin stream is introduced into this stream of hot solids between the point where the heater solids are introduced and the scrubbing zone. The hot particles act to catalyze the dehydrogenation of the paraffins to olefins.

Abstract: An integrated fluid coking/paraffin dehydrogenation process. The fluid coking unit is comprised of a fluid coker reactor, a heater, and a gasifier. Solids from the fluidized beds are recycled between the coking zone and the heater and between the heater and the gasifier. A separate stream of hot solids from the gasifier is passed to the scrubbing zone or to a satellite fluidized reactor. A first stream containing an effective amount of C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 paraffins is introduced into this stream of hot solids between the point where the diluent is added and the scrubbing zone. The hot particles act to catalyze the dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins. A second stream containing C.sub.3 to C.sub.10 paraffins is introduced downstream of the introduction of said first stream.

Abstract: A process for the isomerization of C.sub.4 and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, preferably C.sub.4 to C.sub.6 paraffins with high C.sub.6 cyclics content. A C.sub.5 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbon stream is isomerized in a first isomerization reaction zone and a C.sub.4 hydrocarbon stream is isomerized in a second isomerization reaction zone. At least one or both of the effluent streams from the first and second isomerization zones are conveyed to a gas-liquid separator which separates a hydrogen-rich recycle stream. At least a portion of the hydrogen-rich recycle stream is conveyed to the C.sub.5 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbon feed stream and at least a portion of the hydrogen-rich recycle stream is conveyed to the C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feed stream whereby the hydrogen recycle stream is shared during both the C.sub.4 isomerization reaction and the C.sub.5 to C.sub.6 isomerization reaction. The product stream is conveyed to a shared stabilizer which removes the gaseous and volatile components.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions comprise blends or mixtures of low viscosity, 3-8 cS e.g. about 5 cS(100.degree. C.), HVI lube basestock with higher viscosity, 15 cS+e.g. 30+ cS(100.degree. C.) HVI PAO lube basestock produced from slack wax by thermal cracking to alpha olefins followed by Lewis acid catalyzed oligomerization of the alpha olefin mixture to lube base stock. Blending these components in appropriate proportions produces lube basestock having viscosities in the range of 8-15 cS (100.degree. C.) from which material suitable for the formulation of 10W-30 automobile engine lube can be produced. The blends are notable for exhibiting high VI values greater than that of either component of the blend.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to reduce the aromatics content and increase the oxygen content of a key component of gasoline blends. A naphtha feedstock having a boiling range usually suitable as catalytic-reforming feed is processed by selective isoparaffin synthesis to yield lower-molecular weight hydrocarbons including a high yield of isobutane. The isobutane is processed to yield an ether component by dehydrogenation and etherification. The cracked light naphtha may be upgraded by isomerization. The heavier portion of the cracked naphtha is processed in a reformer. A gasoline component containing oxygen as ether and having a reduced aromatics content and increased volumetric yield relative to reformate of the same octane number is blended from the net products of the above processing steps. The process combination is particularly suited for use in an existing refinery.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to reduce the aromatics content and increase the oxygen content of a key component of gasoline blends. A naphtha feedstock having a boiling range usually suitable as catalytic-reforming feed is processed by selective isoparaffin synthesis to yield lower-molecular weight hydrocarbons including a high yield of isobutane. A portion of the isobutane is processed to yield an ether component by dehydrogenation to yield isobutene followed by etherification. Part of the isobutane and isobutene are alkylated to produce an alkylate component. The synthesis light naphtha may be upgraded by isomerization. The heavier portion of the synthesis naphtha is processed in a reformer. A gasoline component containing oxygen as ether and having a reduced aromatics content and increased volumetric yield relative to reformate of the same octane number is blended from the net products of the above processing steps.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons uses a high water content in an alkylation zone and a low water content in a transalkylation zone to improve yields improve process yields and catalyst life. An aromatic feed and an acyclic feed are first passed through the alkylation reaction zone that operates at a high water content. A separator receives the effluent from the alkylation reaction zone and removes water from a sidecut of unreacted aromatic feed. The sidecut of aromatic feed and a stream of polyalkylated aromatics are contacted in the transalkylation zone. The differing water content improves the operation of both the alkylation zone and the transalkylation zone.

Abstract: A process is disclosed that provides a high conversion of n-butane to C.sub.5 + gasoline by integrating the medium pore metallosilicate catalyzed process for fresh n-butane conversion to C.sub.5 + gasoline with a medium pore metallosilicate catalyzed process for propane conversion in a manner which allows a portion of the propane by-product of n-butane conversion to be converted to C.sub.4 + alkanes, followed by recycle of the n-butane portion of the C.sub.4 + alkanes. It has been discovered that separation of the products from the separate propane and n-butane conversion steps can be carried out concurrently in a single fractionator to provide the C.sub.5 + gasoline product and the propane and butane recycle streams. Preferably, the fractionator butane cut is treated in a deisobutanizer to recover isobutane and n-butane recycle. A further discovery utilizes the common fractionator not only to separate the products from the conversion processes but to concurrently separate a mixed fresh C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: An improved process for upgrading paraffinic naphtha to high octane fuel by contacting a naphtha feedstock, such as virgin naphtha feedstock stream containing predominantly C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 alkanes and naphthenes, with solid medium pore acid zeolite cracking catalyst under low pressure selective cracking conditions effective to produce at least 10 wt % selectivity C.sub.4 -C.sub.5 isoalkene. Cracking effluent is separated to obtain a light olefinic fraction rich in C.sub.4 -C.sub.5 isoalkene and a C.sub.6 + liquid fraction of enhanced octane value containing less than 50 wt % aromatic hydrocarbons. In a multistage operation enhanced octane products are obtained by etherifying the isoalkene fraction and by contacting the C.sub.6 + normally liquid fraction with reforming catalyst under moderate reforming conditions at elevated temperature to obtain a reformate product of enhanced octane value.

Abstract: A process for producing gasoline components from a hydrocarbonaceous feed containing hydrocarbons comprising at least 4 carbon atoms is disclosed. The process comprises the following steps:a) separating feed into a heavy fraction containing hydrocarbons comprising at least 7 carbon atoms, an intermediate fraction containing mainly hydrocarbons comprising 6 or 7 carbon atoms, and a light fraction containing hydrocarbons comprising at most 6 carbon atoms,b) isomerizing at least part of the light fraction,c) combining effluent of step b) with the intermediate fraction, separating off a stream containing normal hydrocarbons and a stream containing branched hydrocarbons, andd) passing at least part of the stream containing normal hydrocarbons to isomerization step b).

Abstract: Compositions and methods of preparation for a lubricant mixture having enhanced viscosity index comprising:(a) a low viscosity C.sub.20 -C.sub.60 lubricant range liquid comprising substantially linear hydrocarbons prepared by shape selective catalysis of lower olefin with medium pore acid zeolite catalyst to provide substantially linear liquid olefinic intermediates or C.sub.20.sup.+ hydrogenated lubricants, said lubricant range liquid having a kinematic viscosity of about 2-10 cS at 100.degree. C.; and(b) at least one poly(alpha-olefin) having viscosity greater than 20 cS and viscosity index improvement properties.

Abstract: A continuous multistage process for preparing gasoline and/or distillate range hydrocarbons from lower molecular weight oxygenate feedstock wherein hydrocarbon yield is increased by recovering a vapor stream rich in ethene from an oxygenates conversion stage and reacting the ethene in a high severity reaction zone containing high activity zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: An integrated process for converting methanol and other lower molecular weight oxygenates to gasoline and distillate range liquid hydrocarbons and ethene is disclosed. When it is desirable to increase ethene yield, an auxiliary methanol-to-olefins (MTO) fixed bed reactor unit is activated in conjunction with a continuously operated primary MTO fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A process is described for producing ethylene and propylene in high selectivity from feed streams containing ethane and propane. The process involves separating the feed into ethane and propane fractions and subsequently cracking the ethane fraction to produce ethylene and dehydrogenating the propane fraction to produce propylene. The fractions are then combined and purified, and the ethylene and propylene products are recovered. Any unreacted ethane or propane is recycled back to the cracking or dehydrogenation units respectively.

Abstract: An integrated process for the simultaneous alkylation of at least one isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with at least one C.sub.4 olefinic hydrocarbon and at least one isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with at least one olefinic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3, C.sub.5 and higher olefinic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, comprising: contacting a first alkylatable hydrocarbon comprising an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with a first alkylating agent comprising at least one olefinic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3, C.sub.

Abstract: Lead free gasoline of high octane number is obtained from C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 olefinic cuts as follows: propylene contained in the C.sub.3 cut is oligomerized, at least 80% of the isobutene and less than 40% of the n-butenes of the C.sub.4 cut are oligomerized to form an oligomerizate distilling in the gasoline range, which is separated from the unreacted C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, the latter are subsequently alkylated to form a gasoline fraction which can be admixed with the oligomerizates of the C.sub.3 and the C.sub.4 cuts to produce the desired high octane gasoline.

Abstract: High octane gasoline is obtained from C.sub.3 /C.sub.4 olefinic cuts by a combination of steps: oligomerization of the C.sub.3 fraction, hydroisomerization of 1-butene in the C.sub.4 cut, fractionation of the resultant C.sub.4 cut, hydrogenation of isobutene and alkylation. Resultant fractions are admixed to produce the desired high octane gasoline.

Abstract: A method and means for disposing of undesired heat in the conversion of lower alcohols and their derivatives to higher boiling gasoline hydrocarbons in a crystalline zeolite fluidized bed.

Abstract: Low-octane C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 gasoline pool mixtures or components are upgraded into improved-octane gasoline blendstock by (1) catalytically converting a minor yet significant portion of the C.sub.6 -fraction into a relatively high-octane stock using a unique crystalline aluminosilica zeolite catalyst, (2) isomerizing the C.sub.5 -fraction plus the remainder of the C.sub.6 -fraction, and (3) blending the converted C.sub.6 -portion with the C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 isomerizate.