Abstract: Oligomers are produced from unsaturated monomers. They contain terminal unsaturation and have a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 200. These oligomers are produced by the free radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers using as an initiator and/or chain transfer agent in the process a transition metal complex comprising a metal cation and at least one chelating agent, said transition metal complex being generally in accordance with formula (I), wherein M is a transition metal ion which can form hexa- or penta-coordinated structures and, when complexed in this manner, has two or more readily interconverted adjacent valence states, R is hydrogen or an organic group or a transition metal complex derived form formula (I) and L is a ligand or controlling the stability and electron transfer properties of the transition metal complex and consists of an electron pair donor (Lewis base) capable of coordination with the metal ion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing methylidene-group-containing .alpha.,.omega.-unsaturated oligomers from .alpha.,.omega.-diolefins in the presence of a catalytic amount of organoaluminum compounds, wherein the .alpha.,.omega.-diolefins are reacted in the liquid phase, at 150.degree.-350.degree. C., and the organoaluminum compounds have formula AlX.sub.3 or AlX.sub.2 H, where X represents an aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic hydrocarbon group with 1-30 C atoms. The higher molecular weight hydrocarbons manufactured according to this method are substantially linear oligomers which contain reactive double bonds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of olefins of the general formula (CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 in which formula R is a hydrocarbyl group and p is an integer of at least 1, comprising reacting ethene with at least one additional alpha olefin of the general formula R--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 under oligomerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a first component which is a bis(cyclopentadienyl) Group IVA metal compound containing a substituent which is attached to the metal and which is capable of reacting with a cation, and a second component which is a compound having a bulky anion containing a plurality of boron atoms and which is substantially non-coordinating under the reaction conditions and a cation, and recovering an oligomeric product comprising linear olefins of the general formula R--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.dbd.CH.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks having a high dimer to trimer ratio from long-chain olefins. These synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by dimerizing linear olefins using a catalyst comprising a silica gel alkylsulfonic acid.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process catalyzed by a hetergenous catalyst comprising a nickel compound, a phosphine compound, an organoaluminum compound, and a perfluorosulfonate polymer is provided. The dimerization process comprises contacting ethylene under dimerization conditions with the catalyst which is prepared by adding a homogeneous solution, formed by mixing under ethylene pressure the organoaluminum solution with a mixture of the nickel compound and the phosphine compound, to a suspension of the perfluorosulfonate polymer in an alcohol.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalyst systems, methods for the preparation thereof, and dimerization process therewith are provided catalyst supports are extruded from a thick paste of potassium carbonate and water catalyst systems comprise at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the catalyst support. Optionally, the catalyst system further comprises at least one promoter.

Abstract: An ethylene oligomerization process comprising: (a) contacting, in a reaction solution, an organonickel compound and a phosphine compound to form a first reaction mixture; and thereafter (b) contacting said first reaction mixture with ethylene to form a second reaction mixture; and concurrently with step (b) or thereafter, contacting said second reaction mixture with a fluorinated organoacid; while maintaining a reaction temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., and a reaction pressure of about 1 to about 10,000 psig.

Abstract: A process is provided comprising contacting a hydrocarbyl alkali metal compound with a nitrogen-containing compound in the presence of propylene. Optionally, a catalytic support is used during said contacting. Optionally, at least one other alpha-olefin is present during said contacting.In another embodiment a process is provided comprising: (a) contacting a hydrocarbyl alkali metal compound with a nitrogen-containing compound in the presence of propylene; and thereafter (b) recovering an allyl/alkali metal/nitrogen complex; and thereafter (c) contacting said allyl/alkali metal/nitrogen complex with at least one alpha-olefin. Optionally, a catalytic support is present during steps a, b, and c.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the co-dimerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer (e.g. styrene) with an .alpha.-monoolefin monomer (e.g. ethylene, propylene or 1-butylene), using a catalyst composition comprising palladium, an anion of a strong acid and an aliphatic diphosphine.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with an organocobalt(II) or organocobalt(III) compound and a borohydride compound in a solvent to produce a product reaction mixture comprising a C.sub.4 fraction of predominantly 1-butene. A phosphine compound can additionally be provided in the solvent with an organocobalt(III) compound to enhance selectivity to 1-butene.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of n-butene wherein a Ziegler catalyst system composed of a nickel compound and an organoalkylaluminum is added, as a third component, with an amine and/or a quaternary ammonium chloride. The amine can be a primary, secondary or tertiary amine. This process makes it possible to selectively prepare isooctene having a low degree of branching while maintaining high catalytic activity.

Abstract: A process is provided comprising contacting a hydrocarbyl lithium with an alkali metal hydrocarbyloxide in the presence of propylene. Optionally, a catalytic support is used during said contacting. Optionally, at least one other alpha-olefin is present during said contacting.In another embodiment a process is provided comprising: (a) contacting a hydrocarbyl lithium with an alkali metal hydrocarbyloxide in the presence of propylene; and thereafter (b) recovering an allyl alkali metal compound; and thereafter (c) contacting said allyl alkali metal compound with at least one alpha-olefin. Optionally, a catalytic support is also used during steps a, b, and c.

Abstract: An ethylene oligomerization catalyst system is provided that is produced by the process consisting essentially of: contacting an organonickel compound, an aromatic acid compound, and a phosphine compound. Additionally, an ethylene oligomerization process is provided that consists essentially of oligomerizing ethylene with the above-mentioned oligomerization catalyst system.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with an organonickel(II) compound, a phosphite compound and an alkylaluminum compound in a solvent to produce a precursor reaction mixture, followed by contacting ethylene with the precursor reaction mixture and a fluorinated organoacid to produce a product reaction mixture comprising a C.sub.4 fraction of predominantly 2-butenes.

Abstract: An improved process for making olefins from a lower olefin such as ethylene and an alkyl aluminum by chain growth employes a butene displacement reaction using mixing device such as a static mixer which permits efficient operation of the displacement reaction at moderate pressures where the reactants form a two-phase vapor-liquid system or a vapor system.

Abstract: A process is provided which comprises: (a) contacting at least one olefinic compound with an alkali metal/alkali metal carbonate catalyst system at a temperature below the dimerization temperature range of the dimerization reaction; followed by (b) heating said olefin compound and said alkali metal carbonate catalyst system to a temperature in said dimerization temperature range.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of linear olefins which comprises polymerizing ethylene in a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of 50.degree.-150.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst comprising a zirconium metal compound, an organometallic compound wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium and aluminum, and a basic salt of a carboxylic acid which forms a fine suspension or a homogeneous solution in the hydrocarbon solvent wherein the ratio of the salt equivalents to the moles of zirconium compound is from above 0 to about 4.0.

Abstract: This invention concerns catalyst systems for olefin dimerization wherein said catalyst system comprises at least one elemental alkali metal catalyst, supported on an alkali metal carbonate support, wherein said support includes an inorganic nitrate. This invention further concerns processes for the dimerization of olefins. The catalytic support can optionally comprise a carbonaceous compound(s), an inorganic oxide(s), or a mixture thereof. Furthermore, the catalyst system optionally can comprise at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of elemental copper, elemental cobalt, finely divided stainless steel, finely divided glass, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing functionalized linear olefins by dimerizing terminal olefins in the presence of a cationic rhodium compound. Novel rhodium compounds useful in this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing functionalized linear olefins by dimerizing terminal olefins in the presence of a cationic rhodium compound. Novel rhodium compounds useful in this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalytic composition resulting from placing at least one divalent nickel compound into contact with at least one hydrocarbylaluminum halide and at least one epoxy compound, in any order. It also concerns the use of the catalytic composition in a process of oligomerizing monoolefins.

Abstract: A process for dimerizing ethylene comprising contacting ethylene with an insoluble solid catalyst and a cocatalyst, said catalyst having at least on the surface thereof hydrocarbyl ortho ester groups bonded to vanadium or titanium.

Abstract: A dimer of a lower .alpha.-olefin is prepared by dimerizing a lower .alpha.-olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising(A) nickel chloride,(B) a trialkylaluminum(C) at least one phosphorus compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae:PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 (I)P(NR.sup.1.sub.2).sub.3 (II)andP(OR.sup.1).sub.3 (III)wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and each an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or a phenyl group and(D) 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol,wherein the catalyst has improved activity because of the use of nickel chloride as a nickel component, so that the amounts of expensive trialkylaluminum and hexafluoroisopropanol can be decreased and the cost of the catalyst can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: Vinyl-olefins are converted to vinylidene olefin dimers at a selectivity of at least 85 mole percent by reacting a mixture of dry vinyl-olefin containing 0.001-0.04 moles of trialkyl aluminum per mole of initial vinyl-olefin at a temperature in the range of about 100.degree.-140.degree. C. for a time sufficient to convert at least 80 mole percent of the initial vinyl-olefin to a different material.

Abstract: A two-step dimerization process for producing semi-linear C.sub.12 olefins using homogeneous dimerization catalysts and new C.sub.12 olefins mixtures. The C.sub.12 product is especially useful for the production of biodegradable sulfonated alkylaryl detergents and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: Poly-n-butene is prepared from a mixed C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feedstream containing less than about 5 wt. % isobutylene using an organo-aluminum chloride-HCl catalyst system wherein the HCl is introduced separately into the feedstream to form organochloride in the feedstream. Polymer product having a very narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained over the M.sub.n range of 300 to 900. Detergents derived from this poly-n-butene exhibit substantially improved performance in lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: Dodecene-1 and 1-tetradecene can be rectified from a mixture containing 1-dodecene and 1-tetradecene and triethylaluminum ("TEA") which has about the same normal boiling point as 1-dodecene and 1-tetradecene by feeding the above mixture to an intermediate point of a rectification column maintained under sufficient vacuum (e.g. 5-30 torr) such that the temperature at the intermediate feed point is about 250.degree.-260.degree. F. and the overhead distillation temperature is about 190.degree.-240.degree. F. The TEA which normally boils at about the same temperature as 1-dodecene and 1-tetradecene will exist as a dimer permitting part of the 1-dodecene and 1-tetradecene to distill overhead and most of the TEA to exit the bottom of the column.

Abstract: The invention relates to azaphospholenes of the type ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be alkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups, processes for preparing same and the use thereof.

Abstract: Novel di(poly-substituted cyclopentadienyl)-allylic uranium complexes can be employed to catalyze the dimerization of propylene to form 4-methyl-1-pentene selectively. The novel catalyst complexes can be prepared from novel di(poly-substituted cyclopentadienyl)-U(IV) monohalo monoallylic complexes.

Abstract: A proces for regenerating a spent catalyst comprising uranium and a poly-substituted cyclopentadienyl ligand comprising contacting the deactivated catalyst with hydrogen under reaction conditions. The regenerated catalyst is active in the selective dimerization of propylene to 4-methyl-1-pentene.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of alpha-alkenes having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the presence of an alkanediol solvent and of a novel catalytic system formed by combining:(a) a palladium(II) compound,(b) a chelate ligand comprising a compound containing at least two N coordinating atoms which are connected through a chain comprising two C atoms, >2.0 mol chelate ligand per gram-atom Pd being used,(c) a protonic acid, except hydrohalogenic acids, and(d) a salt of Cu, Fe, Zn, Sn, Mn, V, Al or a Group VIB metal, except a halide.

Abstract: An olefinic feedstock containing contaminants such as oxygenates may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer which contains a particular configuration. The process may be effected by utilizing a catalyst which comprises a porous support containing a catalytically effective amount of an iron group metal compound in combination with a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an activator comprising an aluminum alkoxide. The presence of the latter compound in the catalyst compound will permit the catalyst to maintain its activity and stability over a relatively long period of time. The catalyst of the invention is prepared by impregnating a porous support with an aqueous solution of an iron group metal salt, calcining and contacting the calcined support with a solution containing an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum alkoxy compound.

Abstract: Olefinic feedstocks which contain catalyst contaminants or poisons such as sulfur-containing compounds may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer and configuration of the oligomer by utilizing a catalyst which is stable and will not deactivate due to the presence of the aforementioned poisons. The catalyst comprises a porous support which has been impregnated with a catalytically effective amount of an iron group metal compound and a Group IVA metal compound. In addition, the catalyst composite may also contain in combination therewith, a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum alkoxy/aluminum halide compound. The catalyst of this invention is prepared by impregnating a porous support with an aqueous solution containing an iron group metal salt and a Group IVA metal salt, calcining and containing the calcined support with a solution containing an alkyl aluminum compound.

Abstract: A process for preparing a linear .alpha.-olefin having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms is disclosed which comprises polymerizing ethylene or gas containing ethylene in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a zirconium halide, an organoaluminium compound and a Lewis base, and adding a catalyst deactivating agent to the resulting reaction mixture, wherein said Lewis base is at least one member selected from the group consisting of thioethers, alkyl disulfides, thiophenes, thiourea, sulfides, phosphines and primary amines.Use of the catalyst enables preparation of linear .alpha.-olefins of a high purity and reduction in the amount of by-produced wax.

Abstract: New nickel composition having substantial solubility in hydrocarbons and prepared by reacting at least one inorganic divalent nickel compound, at least one halogenoacetic acid and at least one ester of the formula R.sub.1 COO R.sub.2 wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl and R.sub.2 is hydrocarbyl. The resultant composition can be used in admixture with a hydrocarbylaluminum halide as catalyst for olefin dimerization.

Abstract: A process for the trimerization of an olefin selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and mixtures thereof comprising passing the olefin and carbon dioxide in contact with a catalyst comprising the reaction product of (i) a chromium compound, which will provide active catalytic species under trimerization conditions, and (ii) a hydrocarbyl aluminum hydrolyzed with about 0.7 to about 1.1 moles of water per mole of aluminum compound wherein the aluminum to chromium mole ratio is in the range of up to about 200 to one and the mole ratio of olefin to carbon dioxide is in the range of about 4 to about 3000 moles of olefin per mole of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: 1-Butenes are selectively produced via the dimerization of 1-olefins in the presence of novel organotantalum catalysts comprising tantalum and a silyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl moiety having the formula C.sub.5 H.sub.5-x (SiR.sup.6.sub.3).sub.x, wherein each R.sup.6 may be the same or different and is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkoxy, and x is an integer from 1 to 5.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalysts, method for the preparation thereof, and dimerization processes therewith are provided. Catalyst supports consist essentially of alkaline earth aluminate-containing potassium carbonate with at least one carbonaceous compound and having a crush strength of at least 5 pounds. Catalysts consist essentially of at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the novel catalyst supports. Optionally, the catalysts further contain at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of elemental copper, elemental cobalt, and finely divided stainless steel.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers and oligomers characterized in that they have been prepared from .alpha.-olefin monomers or mixtures thereof and the distances between the methyl branching points are controllable by the selection of the .alpha.-olefins and to a process for preparing said novel polymers and oligomers.

Abstract: 1-Butenes are selectively produced via the dimerization of 1-olefins in the presence of novel organotantalum catalysts comprising tantalum and a silyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl moiety having the formula C.sub.5 H.sub.5-x (SiR.sup.6.sub.3).sub.x, wherein each R.sup.6 may be the same or different and is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkoxy, and x is an integer from 1 to 5.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing ethylene using a nickel ylide catalyst substituted with a sulfonato group, wherein the oligomerization is carried out in the presence of methanol and water.

Abstract: Uranium di(poly-substituted cyclopentadienyl)-hydride complexes, as well as certain uranium (IV) and rare earth metal complexes, can be employed to catalyze the dimerization of propylene to form selectively 4-methyl-1-pentene.

Abstract: The dimerization of acrylate esters and of ethene and the codimerization of acrylate esters with C.sub.2-4 -alkenes or 1,3-butadiene and of 1,3-butadiene with ethene in the presence of:(a) a Pd and/or Ru compound,(b) a compound containing one trivalent N or P atom, and(c) an Ag and/or Cu salt,yields at an increased reaction rate dimers of high linearity, when a quinone is also present.

Abstract: In the process for preparing 1,7-octadiene by hydrodimerizing butadiene in the presence of a solubilized palladium or palladium compound, a tertiary phosphine, formic acid, a base and optionally a solvent, improved rates of conversions of butadiene to 1,7-octadiene are obtained by carrying out the process in the presence of supported palladium, platinum or rhodium.

Abstract: Olefin polymerization catalysts are described which are based on solid inorganic oxides (such as silica) and polychromium complexes (such as octakis(.mu.-trimethylsilylmethyl) tetrachromium(II)). Linear low density ethylene homopolymers with specific short chain branching as well as polymerization processes to make these polymers using the specific catalyst described are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for dimerizing an alpha olefin to a vinylidene olefin which comprises contacting said alpha olefin with a catalyst comprising (a) cyclo(pentadienyl)zirconium or hafnium metallocene and (b) an aluminoxane wherein the atom ratio of Al to Zr or Hf in the catalyst ranges from about 1 to about 100.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization in the liquid phase of an aliphatic mono-olefin having 2 to about 12 carbon atoms with a catalytic system formed by combining, in the presence of water, an alcohol or a carboxylic acid,a. a palladium compound,b. a chelate ligand having as coordinating atoms at least two Group Va atoms which are connected through a chain comprising 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, andc. a compound containing an anion of an acid, except hydrohalogenic acids.

Abstract: An improved heterogeneous catalyst effective to catalyze the oligomerization of ethylene is formed be depositing a bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)Ni(O) compound onto an omega zeolite or type Y zeolite support. The catalyst is used to oligomerize olefins. The catalyst is particularly effective in terms of selectivity and reactivity in catalyzing the formation of 1-butene from ethylene.

Abstract: An improved heterogeneous catalyst effective to catalyze the oligomerization of ethylene is formed by hydrogenating bis(.eta..sup.5 -cyclopentadienyl) nickel (nickelocene) onto an omega zeolite support in the presence of a small, but effective amount of a promoter. The promoters are oxides of nickel, iron or copper and mixtures thereof. The catalyst is particularly effective in terms of selectivity and reactivity in catalyzing the formation of 1-butene from ethylene.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dimerization products from aliphatic mono-olefins having 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in which the aliphatic mono-olefin is contacted with a catalytic system formed by combining a palladium and/or ruthenium compound and an acid with a pKa of less than 2, except hydrohalogenic acids in an aprotic organic solvent.