Abstract: The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems, including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that may integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. The present disclosure also provides apparatuses and methods for heat exchange, such as an apparatus that can perform boiling and steam super-heating in separate chambers in order to reach a target outlet temperature that is relatively constant as the apparatus becomes fouled. A system of the present disclosure may include an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) subsystem that generates a product stream comprising compounds with two or more carbon atoms, and a dual compartment heat exchanger downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem.

Abstract: Embodiments of zeolite composite catalysts and methods of producing the zeolite composite catalysts are provided, where the methods comprise dissolving in an alkaline solution a catalyst precursor comprising at least one mesoporous zeolite while heating, stirring, or both to yield a dissolved zeolite solution, where the mesoporous zeolite has a molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 of at least 30, where the mesoporous zeolite comprises zeolite beta, adjusting the pH of the dissolved zeolite solution, aging the pH adjusted dissolved zeolite solution to yield solid zeolite composite from the dissolved zeolite solution, and calcining the solid zeolite composite to produce the zeolite composite catalyst, where the zeolite composite catalyst has a mesostructure comprising at least one disordered mesophase and at least one ordered mesophase, and where the zeolite composite catalyst has a surface area defined by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis of at least 600 m2/g.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs of the various systems in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and articles of manufacture for alkane activation with single- or bi-metallic catalysts on crystalline mixed oxide supports.

Abstract: A pyrolysis reactor (12) and method for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases (e.g., methane) utilizes a pyrolysis reactor (12) having a unique burner assembly (44) and pyrolysis feed assembly (56) that creates an inwardly spiraling fluid flow pattern of the feed gases to form a swirling gas mixture that passes through a burner conduit (46) with a constricted neck portion or nozzle (52). At least a portion of the swirling gas mixture forms a thin, annular mixed gas flow layer immediately adjacent to the burner conduit (46). A portion of the swirling gas mixture is combusted as the swirling gas mixture passes through the burner conduit (46) and a portion of combustion products circulates in the burner assembly (44). This provides conditions suitable for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons or light alkane gas, such as methane or natural gas.

Abstract: Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) systems for small scale and world scale production of olefins. An OCM system may comprise an OCM subsystem that generates a product stream comprising C2+ compounds and non-C2+ impurities from methane and an oxidizing agent. At least one separations subsystem downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem can be used to separate the non-C2+ impurities from the C2+ compounds. A methanation subsystem downstream and fluidically coupled to the OCM subsystem can be used to react H2 with CO and/or CO2 in the non-C2+ impurities to generate methane, which can be recycled to the OCM subsystem. The OCM system can be integrated in a non-OCM system, such as a natural gas liquids system or an existing ethylene cracker.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing C2+ hydrocarbons, and systems for implementing the process, that includes providing a reactant feed that includes methane and an oxygen containing gas to a first reaction zone, wherein the temperature of the reactant feed is less than 700° C. contacting the reactant feed with a first catalyst capable of catalyzing an oxidative coupling of methane reaction (OCM) to produce a first product stream that includes C2+ hydrocarbons and heat, and contacting the first product stream with a second catalyst capable of catalyzing an OCM reaction to produce a second product stream that includes C2+ hydrocarbons, wherein the produced heat is at least partially used to heat the first product stream prior to or during contact with the second catalyst, wherein the amount of C2+ hydrocarbons in the second product stream is greater than the amount of C2+ hydrocarbons in the first product stream.

Abstract: A process for producing ethylene comprising: (a) reacting a reactant mixture in a reactor to yield a product mixture, wherein the reactor comprises a catalyst, wherein the reactant mixture comprises ethane, oxygen, and a chlorine intermediate precursor, wherein the product mixture comprises ethylene, unreacted ethane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, wherein the catalyst comprises a redox agent, an alkali metal, and a rare earth element; and (b) recovering at least a portion of the ethylene from the product mixture. The reacting in step (a) further comprises (i) contacting at least a portion of the chlorine intermediate precursor with the catalyst to form a chlorinated catalyst; (ii) allowing at least a portion of the chlorinated catalyst to generate a chlorine intermediate; and (iii) allowing at least a portion of the reactant mixture to react via the chlorine intermediate.

Abstract: In an aspect, a method for the aromatization of hydrocarbons comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feedstream with a catalyst; wherein the catalyst comprises a zeolite comprising Si, Al, and Ge in the framework with Pt deposited thereon; wherein the zeolite further comprises Na; and wherein the catalyst has an Si:Al2 mole ratio of greater than or equal to 125, an Si:Ge mole ratio of 40 to 400, and an Na:Al mole ratio of 0.9 to 2.5, wherein the catalyst has an aluminum content of less than or equal to 0.75 wt % excluding any binder and extrusion aide.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for oxidative dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feed stream to produce a product stream with improved ethylene yield. The methods can include the steps of (i) combining a recycle stream with the feed stream to form a reactor feed stream, (ii) contacting the reactor feed stream with an oxide-based redox catalyst to produce the product stream comprising ethylene and one or more byproducts selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, other byproducts, and mixtures thereof, and (iii) removing all or a part of the methane and ethane from the product stream to produce the recycle stream. Systems for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of a hydrocarbon feed stream are also provided to produce a product stream with improved ethylene yield. The systems and methods can include an oxide-based redox catalyst, such as Mg6MnO8, Cu6PbO8, and Ni6MnO8.

Abstract: In an embodiment, A catalyst comprises a zeolite comprising Si, Al, and Ge in the framework with Pt deposited thereon; wherein the catalyst has an Si:Al2 mole ratio of greater than or equal to 125, an Si:Ge mole ratio of 40 to 400, and an Na:Al mole ratio of 0.9 to 2.5; wherein the catalyst has an aluminum content of less than or equal to 0.75 wt %; wherein the catalyst is non-acidic.

Abstract: A oxygen transfer agent useful for the oxidative dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons includes at least one mixed oxide derived from manganese or compounds thereof, as well as a promoter, such as tungsten and/or phosphorus. The oxygen transfer agent may also include an alkali metal or compounds thereof, boron or compounds thereof, an oxide of an alkaline earth metal, and an oxide containing one or more of one or more of manganese, lithium, boron, and magnesium. A reactor is at least partially filled with the oxygen transfer agent in the form of a fixed or circulating bed and provides an unsaturated hydrocarbon product, such as ethylene and/or propylene. The oxygen transfer agent may be regenerated using oxygen.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the conversion of methane to higher molecular weight (C5+) hydrocarbon, including aromatic hydrocarbon, to materials and equipment useful in such conversion, and to the use of such conversion for, e.g., natural gas upgrading.

Abstract: A plant for producing ethylene having a reactor to effect oxidative coupling of methane, a work-up unit connected to the reactor to separate a first material stream produced by the reactor into a C1? material stream and an ethylene product stream and a separation unit connected to the work-up unit to separate the C1? material stream into a hydrogen-rich product stream and a hydrogen-lean residual gas stream. The plant also includes a steam cracker to produce (5) for producing an olefin-containing and hydrogen-containing crude gas stream. The steam cracker is connected to the work-up unit that separates the crude gas stream along with the first material stream into the C1? material stream and the ethylene product stream. A portion of the residual gas stream is recycled to the reactor. A process for producing ethylene using the plant is also described.

Abstract: Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: Systems and methods conducive to the formation of one or more alkene hydrocarbons using a methane source and an oxidant in an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction are provided. One or more vessels each containing one or more catalyst beds containing one or more catalysts each having similar or differing chemical composition or physical form may be used. The one or more catalyst beds may be operated under a variety of conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially adiabatic conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially isothermal conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the selective elimination of propanal in acrolein-rich streams to produce acrolein and/or acrylic acid and/or acrylonitrile and/or methylmercaptopropionaldehyde containing low amount of propanal and/or propionic acid and/or propionitrile. One subject of the present invention is a process for manufacturing acrolein comprising a step of selective elimination of propanal in an acrolein-rich stream in contact with a catalyst comprising at least molybdenum. Another subject of the present invention is a process for manufacturing acrylic acid from glycerol including a step of selective elimination of propanal in an acrolein-rich stream in contact with a catalyst comprising at least molybdenum.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a production method for a polyolefin, in which catalyst activity is improved, and a polyolefin such as a linear low density polyethylene can advantageously be industrially produced. The present invention relates to a production method for a polyolefin, in which in producing a polyolefin by the polymerization reaction of an olefin using a catalyst, an organohalide is present in the reaction system in an amount of from 0.05 to 10 ppm by weight in terms of the halogen atom as a concentration in a raw material olefin, and 1-hexene for linear low density polyethylene production raw material, containing an organohalide in an amount of from 0.05 to 10 ppm by weight in terms of the halogen atom.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to butanediol. The method includes processing acetylene as an intermediate stream to form a hydrocarbon stream including butanediol. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream is treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of carbon monoxide to prevent undesired reactions in downstream processing units.

Abstract: A method for preparing a catalyst system for heterogenous catalysis of an isobutylene polymerization reaction includes the steps of forming an alumina support in which the alumina support has pores formed therein, and reacting BF3/methanol catalyst complex with the alumina support. The ratio of methanol to BF3 in the catalyst complex ranges from 0.5 moles to 2 moles of methanol per mole of BF3. The alumina support is formed so as to have pores each having a diameter of greater than twenty nanometers. The alumina support can be in the form of beads or extrudates having a length significantly greater than a diameter. The extrudate can also have a tri-lobe configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus for reforming a hydrocarbon stream is presented. The apparatus involves changing the design of reformers and associated equipment to allow for increasing the processing temperatures in the reformers and heaters. The reformers are operated under different conditions to utilize advantages in the equilibriums, but require modifications to prevent increasing thermal cracking and to prevent increases in coking.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for converting a mixture of hydrocarbon and sulfur-containing molecules such as mercaptan into products comprising acetylene, ethylene, and hydrogen sulfide, to processes utilizing the acetylene and ethylene resulting from the conversion, and to equipment useful for such processes.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to processes using a new crystalline molecular sieve designated SSZ-96, which is synthesized using a 1-butyl-1-methyl-octahydroindolium cation as a structure directing agent.

Abstract: Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: PFRs for running multiphasic processes are disclosed. The PFRs are single or multi-chamber devices having at least three types of regions (a liquid-contacting region, a gas-contacting region and a liquid-collection region), and a porous substrate providing fluid communication at least between the liquid-contacting and gas-contacting regions. Removal of liquid from the porous substrate, such as by collecting the liquid as it flows off the bottom of the porous substrate in the liquid-collection region or such as by evaporation of the liquid from the porous substrate in the evaporation region supports a continuous flow process. Methods of using the PFRs are also disclosed, for example methods of using the PFRs as photobioreactors for cultivating photosynthetic microorganisms, for producing fermentable sugars, for producing ethanol, for fermenting synthesis gas and producing single cell protein from natural gas.

Abstract: A method for preparing a catalyst system for heterogenous catalysis of an isobutylene polymerization reaction includes the steps of forming an alumina support in which the alumina support has pores formed therein, and reacting BF3/methanol catalyst complex with the alumina support. The ratio of methanol to BF3 in the catalyst complex ranges from 0.5 moles to 2 moles of methanol per mole of BF3. The alumina support is formed so as to have pores each having a diameter of greater than twenty nanometers. The alumina support can be in the form of beads or extrudates having a length significantly greater than a diameter. The extrudate can also have a tri-lobe configuration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the alkylation of residual hydrocarbons obtained from pyrolytic processes, in particular processes for the obtaining of synthesis gas from wet crushed coal, essentially alkene- and alkane-type waste products, in order the exploit the energy thereof in the form of alkenes, alkanes and alcohols having a high energy content. The method is essentially characterised in that the waste products obtained from the synthesis gas formation are subject to a subsequent treatment in order to transform them into other branched alkane-type products and alcoholic compounds, recovering the hydrogen and water produced in said reactions, that remain available for their subsequent use as fuel in other chemical processing plants, or to be fed back to the gasification-pyrolysis process itself, to enrich the synthesis gas obtained.

Abstract: Gallium-niobium oxide catalysts are disclosed herein for converting linear olefinic hydrocarbons to branched olefinic hydrocarbons through isomerization, the latter being capable for use fuel for their desirable properties.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process of producing propylene by contacting ethylene with a catalyst, where propylene is produced with high selectivity. The present invention relates to a production process of propylene, comprising contacting ethylene with a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a zeolite as an active ingredient and an acid content in the outer surface of the zeolite is 5 % or less based on an acid content of the entire zeolite.

Abstract: A new family of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites has been synthesized that has been designated UZM-43. These zeolites are similar to previously known ERS-10, SSZ-47 and RUB-35 zeolites but are characterized by unique x-ray diffraction patterns and compositions and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes. Catalysts made from these zeolites are useful in hydrocarbon conversion reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing substituted or unsubstituted 1,7-diolefins by hydrodimerizing non-cyclic olefins having at least two conjugated double bonds in the presence of a reducing agent and of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst used is a metal-carbene complex.

Abstract: Manufacture of propylene and ethylene in a FCC unit. Each FCC riser comprises an acceleration zone, a lift stream feed nozzle, a main hydrocarbon stock feed nozzle, and an olefinic naphtha feed nozzle. Mixed FCC catalyst comprising at least 2 percent by weight pentasil zeolite and at least 10 percent by weight Y-zeolite is injected at the bottom of each FCC riser. Olefinic naptha is injected through the olefinic feed nozzle, main hydrocarbon stock is injected through the main hydrocarbon stock feed nozzle and lift stream is injected through the lift stream feed nozzle. Lift stream comprises olefinic C4 hydrocarbon stream and optionally steam and/or a fuel gas. Olefinic C4 hydrocarbon steam is cracked in the acceleration zone at 600 to 800° C., 0.8 to 5 kg/cm2 (gauge) pressure, WHSV 0.2 to 100 hr up 1 and vapour residence time 0.2 to 5 seconds.

Abstract: Various methods are provided for metathesizing a feedstock. In one aspect, a method includes providing a feedstock comprising a natural oil, chemically treating the feedstock under conditions sufficient to diminish catalyst poisons in the feedstock, and, following the treating, combining a metathesis catalyst with the feedstock under conditions sufficient to metathesize the feedstock.

Abstract: A method of reacting one or more components in a liquid phase to form an organic product, the method including feeding a carbon-based gas to a high shear device; feeding a hydrogen-based liquid medium to the high shear device; using the high shear device to form a dispersion comprising the carbon-based gas and the hydrogen-based liquid medium, wherein the dispersion comprises gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than about 5 ?m; introducing the dispersion into a reactor; and reacting the dispersion to produce the organic product.

Abstract: The present invention describes a n-butane absorption process for purifying the ethylene product from an ethane oxidation process. The ethane oxidation product is fed to a series of absorption towers using a n-butane solvent that remove the inert components as well as purifying the ethylene from the product. A first absorption tower uses n-butane as a solvent to absorb both the ethane and ethylene, allowing for inert gasses to be removed from the stream. An ethylene-rich side stream from this tower is sent to an ethylene purification tower where ethylene is purified using n-butane solvent. The bottom stream from the first absorption tower is then sent to an intermediate ethylene recovery tower where crude ethylene is purified, and the overhead ethylene stream being sent to the ethylene purification tower.

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising (a) one or more cyclopropene complex, and (b) 0-10% water by weight based on the weight of said composition, wherein the mole ratio of cyclopropene in said composition to molecular encapsulating agent in said composition is 0.92:1 or higher, or wherein the composition is in the form of a powder and, in a two-dimensional image of a representative sample of said powder, 20% or more of the area of the images of the particles of said cyclopropene complex, based on the area of all the images of all the particles of said cyclopropene complex in said image of said sample, is in the form of particles of said cyclopropene complex that have width dimension of 10 micrometers or larger. Also provided is a process for making a composition comprising cyclopropene complex.

Abstract: Methods for isolation and/or purification of nanomaterials, such as nanowires, are provided. The disclosed methods include isolation of nanomaterials via a filter press and are amenable to large-scale production of nanomaterials. Related methods for isolation, purification and/or doping of nanomaterials are also provided.

Abstract: A process comprising adjusting a level of conjunct polymers in an ionic liquid catalyst between a low level that favors production of C5+ products boiling at 137.8° C. or below and a higher level that favors production of both C5+ products boiling at 137.8° C. or below and C5+ products boiling above 137.8° C.; wherein the adjusting is done in response to market demand. A process unit, comprising a reactor that operates with an ionic liquid catalyst comprising a low level or a higher level of conjunct polymers, and the alkylation reactor is switched between operating with the low and the higher levels in response to market demand. A process unit, comprising a reactor that operates in an alkylate mode and a distillate mode, and a catalyst regenerator that operates with varying severity to adjust the level of conjunct polymers in response to demand for gasoline or distillate.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrocarbon products, comprising: a) operating a process unit in an alkylate mode wherein greater than 50 wt % of a C5+ hydrocarbon stream from the process unit boils at 137.8° C. or below, b) adjusting one or more process conditions in the process unit, and c) after the adjusting step, operating the process unit in a distillate mode wherein greater than 50 wt % of the C5+ hydrocarbon stream from the process unit boils above 137.8° C. Also, a process unit, comprising: a) an alkylation reactor; and b) a control system that enables the alkylation reactor to be operated in the alkylate mode and in the distillate mode; wherein the alkylation reactor can switch back and forth from operating in the alkylate mode to the distillate mode.

Abstract: A method comprising providing a halogen stream; providing a first alkane stream; reacting at least a portion of the halogen stream with at least a portion of the first alkane stream to form a halogenated stream, wherein the halogenated stream comprises alkyl monohalides, alkyl polyhalides, and a hydrogen halide; providing a second alkane stream; and reacting at least a portion of the second alkane stream with at least a portion of the alkyl polyhalides to create at least some additional alkyl monohalides.

Abstract: One example method of the invention includes a process for producing an olefin comprising the steps of communicating a feed stream that comprises a paraffin to a distillation section, communicating a distillation section output stream to a reactor and reacting the distillation section output stream in the reactor to produce a reactor output stream comprising an olefin. A splitter feed stream that is in communication with and downstream from the reactor output stream is communicated to an olefin splitter, and a splitter output stream is communicated to a heat pump compressor. A heat pump compressor output stream is communicated to the distillation section and heat is used from the heat pump compressor output stream to reheat a distillation section stream that contains unreacted paraffin.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating transport reactors are provided. The method can include fluidizing one or more particulates within a transport reactor. The one or more particulates can include one or more carbonaceous materials. The method can also include maintaining one or more pressure differentials between two or more points within the transport reactor using at least one integrally geared compression system. The at least one integrally geared compression system can include a bull gear, at least one pinion, and two or more compressors.

Abstract: This invention relates to stabilized aggregates of small primary crystallites of zeolite Y that are clustered into larger secondary particles. At least 80% of the secondary particles may comprise at least 5 primary crystallites. The size of the primary crystallites may be at most about 0.5 micron, or at most about 0.3 micron, and the size of the secondary particles may be at least about 0.8 micron, or at least about 1.0 ?m. The silica to alumina ratio of the resulting stabilized aggregated Y zeolite may be 4:1 or more.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of olefins, and in particular for separation of olefins produced by a dehydrogenation process from paraffin feed stocks, is provided. A high pressure product splitter is used to separate olefins produced in a dehydrogenation plant from residual paraffin feed stocks. The use of a high pressure splitter to separate olefin products from paraffin feed stocks allows for recovery of a high purity olefin product with lower energy consumption compared to prior art processes. The process is particularly suited to separation of propylene from propane.

Abstract: A method of rapid methylation of an aromatic compound or an alkenyl compound, which is capable of obtaining an aromatic compound or an alkenyl compound labeled with a methyl group or a fluoromethyl group under a mild condition rapidly in high yield using an organic boron compound whose toxicity is not so high as a substrate. A kit for preparing a PET tracer and a method of producing a PET tracer can be practiced using the rapid methylation method. In an aprotic polar solvent, methyl iodide or X—CH2F (wherein X is a functional group which can be easily released as an anion), and an organic boron compound in which an aromatic ring or an alkenyl group is attached to boron are subjected to cross-coupling in the presence of a palladium(0) complex, a phosphine ligand, and a base.

Abstract: The invention provides transition metal complex compounds, high-activity olefin oligomerization catalysts containing the compounds, and olefin oligomerization processes using the catalysts. A transition metal complex compound [A] according to the invention is represented by Formula (I) or Formula (I?) below. An olefin oligomerization catalyst includes the transition metal complex compound [A]. In an olefin oligomerization process of the invention, an olefin is oligomerized in the presence of the catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst compound for the metathesis of olefins represented by the formula: wherein M is a Group 8 metal; X and X1 are anionic ligands; L is a neutral two electron donor; L1 is N, O, P, or S, preferably N or O; R is a C1 to C30 hydrocarbyl or a C1 to C30 substituted hydrocarbyl; G* is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1 to C30 hydrocarbyl, and a C1 to C30 substituted hydrocarbyl; R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1 to C30 hydrocarbyl, and a C1 to C30 substituted hydrocarbyl; and G is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1 to C30 hydrocarbyls and C1 to C30 substituted hydrocarbyls. This invention also relates to process to make alphaolefins comprising contacting an olefin, such as ethylene, with a feed oil containing a triacylglyceride (typically a fatty acid ester (such as methyl oleate)) with the catalyst compound described above.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to catalysts and processes for the formation of terminal olefin(s) from internal olefin(s) via ethenolysis reactions. The ethenolysis reactions may proceed with high conversion, high turnover, and/or high selectivity.