Abstract: A combustion tool fuel cell is provided having enhanced low temperature operation, including a fuel composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon component with a total vapor pressure equal or above 95 psig at 21° C.

Abstract: Processes and systems are provided for monitoring and blending a first stream and a second stream to produce a third stream of desired compositional characteristics. The processes and systems are found to be particularly useful for the blending of two or more hydrocarbon streams to economically produce a targeted hydrocarbon product stream meeting prescribed compositional specifications. Specifically, the processes and systems are found to be especially useful to blend a propane containing stream, having a vapor pressure lower than the vapor pressure of a targeted vapor pressure for a propane product, with an ethane containing stream. The blending processes and systems allow for production of an “on-spec” propane product stream while at the same time maximizing the value of the ethane stream. The processes and systems may incorporate continuous real-time analysis and flow control of the various streams to effectuate precise control the blending processes.

Abstract: It is an objective of the present invention to provide a catalyst with high LPG selectivity, which is used for the semi-indirect method for synthesizing a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The present invention relates to a catalyst for liquefied petroleum gas production for producing a liquefied petroleum gas mainly consisting of propane or butane by reacting at least one of methanol and dimethyl ether with hydrogen, which comprises a Pd-loaded ?-zeolite having an SiO2:Al2O3 molar ratio of 100 or more:1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for reducing a heating value of natural gas. The system includes a heat exchanger to liquefy a portion of components having high heating values, a gas-liquid separator to separate the liquefied component, and a nitrogen adding mechanism to add nitrogen to remaining non-liquefied components. The system includes an additional heat exchanger to cool and liquefy the remaining non-liquefied components after the gas-liquid separator separates the liquefied component from the natural gas. The heat exchangers employ cold heat generated upon regasification of LNG. The system can reduce the heating value of natural gas composed of a variety of hydrocarbon components according to requirements of a place of demand by separating the component with the higher heating value from the natural gas to allow the separated component to be used as fuel, thereby reducing an overall size and operating costs of the system.

Abstract: An as prepared Na-ETS-10 zeolite was modified by ion exchange with a mono-, di-, or tri-valent cation and mixtures thereof. Several of the modified ETS-10 zeolites showed improved pressure swing capacity during the selective adsorption of ethylene from an ethylene/ethane mixture, relative to Na-ETS-1 0, although the selectivity of adsorption decreased. Modification with Ba2+ and Ba2+/H+ provided modified ETS-10 zeolite adsorbents having a good balance of selectivity and pressure swing capacity for the separation of ethylene/ethane mixtures, making them useful adsorbents for PSA processes.

Abstract: Processes and systems are provided for monitoring and blending a first stream and a second stream to produce a third stream of desired compositional characteristics. The processes and systems are found to be particularly useful for the blending of two or more hydrocarbon streams to economically produce a targeted hydrocarbon product stream meeting prescribed compositional specifications. Specifically, the processes and systems are found to be especially useful to blend a propane containing stream, having a vapor pressure lower than the vapor pressure of a targeted vapor pressure for a propane product, with an ethane containing stream. The blending processes and systems allow for production of an “on-spec” propane product stream while at the same time maximizing the value of the ethane stream. The processes and systems may incorporate continuous real-time analysis and flow control of the various streams to effectuate precise control the blending processes.

Abstract: Processes and systems are provided for monitoring and blending a first stream and a second stream to produce a third stream of desired compositional characteristics. The processes and systems are found to be particularly useful for the blending of two or more hydrocarbon streams to economically produce a targeted hydrocarbon product stream meeting prescribed compositional specifications. Specifically, the processes and systems are found to be especially useful to blend a propane containing stream, having a vapor pressure lower than the vapor pressure of a targeted vapor pressure for a propane product, with an ethane containing stream. The blending processes and systems allow for production of an “on-spec” propane product stream while at the same time maximizing the value of the ethane stream. The processes and systems may incorporate continuous real-time analysis and flow control of the various streams to effectuate precise control the blending processes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of dissolving a gaseous hydrocarbon into a liquid hydrocarbon to re-circulate gaseous components, which have separated from the liquid fuel mixture, back into the liquid fuel mixture, as well as, a method for making batch or continuous process amounts of mixed hydrocarbon fuels. The mixed hydrocarbon fuel is produced by introducing a volume of a liquid hydrocarbon into a vessel, and introducing a volume of a gaseous hydrocarbon into the vessel by bubbling the gaseous hydrocarbon into the liquid hydrocarbon at a gravitational low point of the vessel such that the bubbled gaseous hydrocarbon is dissolved into the liquid hydrocarbon to produce a liquid fuel solution. The vessel may be a mixing tank from which the liquid fuel is pumped into a vehicle fuel tank, or the vessel may be the vehicle fuel tank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an olefinic naphtha and a process for producing lower olefinc from this naphtha. In the process of the present invention for producing lower olefins, preferably ethylene, at least a portion of a hydrocarbon asset is converted to synthesis gas and at least a portion of the synthesis gas is converted to an olefinic naphtha by a Fischer-Tropsch process. At least a portion of the olefinic naphtha is converted in a naphtha cracker to a product stream comprising lower olefins, and at least a portion of the lower olefins from the product stream of the cracker are recovered.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and at least one highly aromatic petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: Process for obtaining a hydrocarbon fraction that can be used as a feedstock of an etherification unit and that contains a small amount of diene compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds, starting from an initial hydrocarbon feedstock that comprises a mixture of olefins, dienes, and nitrites as well as sulfur-containing compounds, whereby said process comprises at least the following successive stages: a) a selective hydrogenation of said initial hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a catalyst of group VIII of the periodic table, b) a fractionation by distillation of the effluents that are obtained from stage a) under conditions that make it possible to obtain at least two fractions including said hydrocarbon fraction and that comprises a small amount of diene compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds, and a heavy fraction that contains heavy hydrocarbons and the majority of the nitrogen-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds

Abstract: A composition and use of economical, high efficient burning and environmentally friendly self-propelled liquid fuel for domestic, commercial and industrial application is provided. The fuel could be self-contained for application in small and isolated locations. The fuel is characterized by containing light hydrocarbons as a propellant and low value, heavier hydrocarbon by-products from the refining operations.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in turbine engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component having low to moderate branching and at least one conventional petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and at least one highly aromatic petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: A combustible mixture and method for producing same includes the addition to a fuel of two components: a combustion enhancing catalytic additive, and a volume increasing dilutant. A fuel tank is arranged to feed fuel through its outlet pipe and control valve, to create a stream. An outlet from a pressurized tank of dilutant is directed to the fuel stream through a control valve, and an outlet from a tank of combustion enhancing additive feeds the additive through a control valve into the fuel/dilutant mixture. Finally, the combined fuel/additive/dilutant combustible mixture exits the pipe for storage or combustion.

Abstract: A fuel for a fuel cell system comprises wherein said fuel comprises hydrocarbons comprising 60 mol. % or more of saturates, 40 mol. % or less of olefins, 0.5 mol. % or less of butadiene, 0.1 mol. % or more of isoparaffin in saturates having carbon atoms of 4 or more and being a gaseous phase under normal temperature and pressure. The fuel for a fuel cell system has a high power generation quantity per weight, a high power generation quantity per CO2 emission, a low fuel consumption, a small evaporative gas (evapo-emission), small deterioration of a fuel cell system comprising such as a reforming catalyst, a water gas shift reaction catalyst, a carbon monoxide removal catalyst, fuel cell stacks and the like to maintain the initial performances for a long duration, good handling properties in view of storage stability and inflammability, and a low preheating heat quantity.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for producing a homogeneous mixture of a gaseous aromatic hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas for catalytic gas-phase reactions, in particular a homogeneous mixture of gaseous o-xylene and/or naphthalene and air for preparing phthalic anhydride, are provided. The liquid aromatic hydrocarbon is atomized to form droplets having a diameter of less than 1 mm and injected into an oxygen-containing gas stream (12) preheated to above the boiling point of the aromatic hydrocarbon. According to the invention, the liquid aromatic hydrocarbon is atomized by means of nozzles (15) which form a hollow cone (16), preferably by means of swirl nozzles. The o-xylene/air mixture is advantageously produced in a chamber which is bounded by side walls (18) heated to above the boiling point of the hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Process for the high-yield recovery of ethylene and heavier hydrocarbons from the gas produced by pyrolysis of hydrocarbons (1) in which the liquid products (12-15, 23) resulting from the fractionated condensation of the cracking gas (1) for the recovery of almost all the ethylene, are supplied to a distillation column (C1), called the de-ethanizer, at different intermediate levels, at the top of which the vapor (31) of the column distillate is treated directly in an acetylene hydrogenation reactor (R1), the effluent containing virtually no acetylene being separated by a distillation column (C2) called the de-methanizer, into an ethylene- and ethane-enriched tail product (43), while the head product (44) is recycled by compression or treated for subsequent recovery of ethylene.

Abstract: A method of regulating the calorific power of a stream of gaseous fuel of the fossil-gas type, comprising a predominant fuel gas, denoted “A” and flowing in a pipe. This regulation is performed, at least partly, by controlled addition of at least one fuel gas called having a calorific power greater than that of “A” into the stream. The subject of the invention is also its apparatus for implementation and its applications.

Abstract: At pressures over 1,000 psia it is advantageous to add to natural gas an additive which is a C2 or C3 hydrocarbon compound or a mixture of such compounds. Above a lower limit (which varies with the additive being added and the pressure), this results in a decrease in the amount of power needed to pump the mixture or to compress it.

Abstract: A high combustion efficiency fuel gas obtained from a saturated gas produced by pumping petroleum gas to a light oil composed of butane, pentane, hexane, and octane.

Abstract: Additivated gas for oxy-cutting and/or heating applications, having a low cost of production and high cutting and heating velocities wherein the additivated gas is obtained by the additivation of propylene with a chemical product having the basic constituents selected from the group consisting of aromatic compounds, paraffins and naphthenic compounds.

Abstract: Method for storing methane in light hydrocarbons at moderate temperatures and pressures such that the resulting solution has a high energy density. The method includes combining methane at a 50 to 80 mole percent concentration with a light hydrocarbon, such as butane, propane or liquid petroleum gas (LPG). Then the resulting solution is maintained at a temperature of between -1.degree. C. and 38.degree. C. and a pressure of between 8 and 14 MPa. Under these parameters, the solution has an energy density which is 40 to 67 percent that of gasoline. A motor vehicle fuel storage apparatus for the method includes an insulated storage tank containing the 50 to 80 mole percent methane solution and a cooling mechanism for maintaining the methane solution between -1.degree. C. and 38.degree. C. The cooling mechanism may be an arrangement of expansion valves, or connection to the air conditioning system of the vehicle, or both.

Abstract: A process for vinylation of an organic acidic-hydrogen compound, which entails reacting an organic acidic-hydrogen compound with acetylene or an acetylene-containing gas under elevated pressure and at elevated temperature in the presence of a base, wherein reactor regions initiating decomposition of acetylene are treated with an effective amount of a chemically inert oil of medium viscosity.

Abstract: Method for storing methane in light hydrocarbons at moderate temperatures and pressures such that the resulting solution has a high energy density. The method includes combining methane at a 50 to 80 mole percent concentration with a light hydrocarbon, such as butane, propane or liquid petroleum gas (LPG). Then the resulting solution is maintained at a temperature of between -1.degree. C. and 38.degree. C. and a pressure of between 8 and 14 MPa. Under these parameters, the solution has an energy density which is 40 to 67 percent that of gasoline. A motor vehicle fuel storage apparatus for the method includes an insulated storage tank containing the 50 to 80 mole percent methane solution and a cooling mechanism for maintaining the methane solution between -1.degree. C. and 38.degree. C. The cooling mechanism may be an arrangement of expansion valves, or connection to the air conditioning system of the vehicle, or both.

Abstract: A method of storing and transporting acetylene comprises mixing acetylene gas and carbon dioxide gas and then reducing the temperature of the gas mixture thus obtained to obtain either a liquid-vapour or solid-vapour mixture and storing the liquid-vapour mixture or solid-vapour mixture in a pressure vessel.

Abstract: Purified hydrogen is recovered from the effluent of a catalytic dehydrogenation zone using an integrated cold absorption process. The effluent, which contains olefinic hydrocarbons and hydrogen is compressed, cooled and contacted with a liquid absorbent. The purified hydrogen can be recycled to the dehydrogenation zone and the olefinic hydrocarbons are recovered as product. The present invention will recover higher purity hydrogen and liquefiable hydrocarbons more economically than prior art processes.

Abstract: A process for depolymerizing polymers by selective, partial oxidation at supercritical or near supercritical conditions for water and wherein supercritical water or water near supercritical conditions is used as a solvent and reforming agent, is used to produce relatively high yields of the monomers originally used to produce the polymers. The invention provides an environmentally friendly process for recycling polymeric waste materials to generate valuable polymer feedstock in a closed oxidation process which is free of hazardous stack emissions. The polymers which can be recycled in accordance with the process can include typical amounts of conventional additive and other impurities without significantly affecting the overall conversion.

Abstract: In a fluid for electrical discharge machining, a low viscosity mineral or synthetic oil is used as the base oil, to which is added ultrahigh-viscosity oil, the low viscosity oil raising the efficiency of chip removal from the workpiece-to-electrode gap adequately cooling said gap, while the addition of ultrahigh viscosity oil enables the voltage across the discharge electrodes to be increased, allowing an even larger amount of electrical discharge energy to be applied to the workpiece-to-electrode gap, providing a fluid for electrical discharge machining which enables discharge efficiency to be greatly raised and discharge machining speed to be increased.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon, suitable for use as propellant, is contacted with a solid effective to remove odor-forming impurity therefrom. Hydrocarbons include isobutene-containing stream also containing minor proportions of unsaturated hydrocarbon, e.g. ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, and 2-butenes. Solids include an acid montmorillonite clay, aluminum chloride, AlCl.sub.3 .multidot.HCl, AlCl.sub.3 .multidot.RCl, at least one metal of Groups I, II, and III of the periodic table, and supported H.sub.3 PO.sub.4.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing acetylene against explosive decomposition comprising mixing together with the acetylene a chemical free radical scavenging agent chosen from the group consisting of nitric oxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromine, hydrogen iodide and vinyl bromine as well as mixtures thereof.